《植物病蟲(chóng)害綠色防控技術(shù)》課件-五、玉米螟綠色防控（雙語(yǔ)版）

五玉米螟綠色防控

GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer

玉米螟

俗稱(chēng)玉米鉆心蟲(chóng)，屬鱗翅目螟蛾科。國(guó)內(nèi)分布的玉米螟有亞洲玉米螟和歐洲玉米螟，以亞洲玉米螟為優(yōu)勢(shì)種，國(guó)內(nèi)大部分省區(qū)均有發(fā)生。Cornborer,commonlyknownasmaizeborer,belongstothefamilyBoreridaeofLepidoptera.ThecornborerdistributedinChinaincludesAsiancornborerandEuropeancornborer,withAsiancornborerasthedominantspecies,whichoccursinmostprovincesandregionsinChina.五玉米螟綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer五玉米螟綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer（一）形態(tài)識(shí)別Morphologicalrecognition1、成蟲(chóng)Imago

雄蛾黃褐色，前翅內(nèi)橫線(xiàn)暗褐色、波狀；外橫線(xiàn)暗褐色、鋸齒狀；內(nèi)、外橫線(xiàn)間有2個(gè)褐色斑，外橫線(xiàn)與外緣線(xiàn)之間有1褐色帶；后翅灰黃色，中央和近外緣處各有1褐色帶。雌蛾翅顏色比雄蛾淡。Themalemothisyellowish-brown,andtheinnertransverselineoftheforewingisdarkbrownandundulating;theoutertransverselineisdarkbrownandserrated;therearetwobrownspotsbetweentheinnerandoutertransverselines,andthereisabrownbandbetweentheoutertransverselineandtheouteredgeline;thehindwingisgrayish-yellow,andthereisabrownbandinthecenterandneartheouteredge.Femaleshavelighterwingsthanmales.五玉米螟綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer2、卵

Egg

呈橢圓形，稍扁，長(zhǎng)約1mm。一般20～60粒產(chǎn)在一起，構(gòu)成不規(guī)則的魚(yú)鱗狀卵塊。Theeggisoval,slightlyflat,andabout1mmlong.Generally,20–60eggsarelaidtogethertoformirregularfish-scaleeggmasses.五玉米螟綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer3、幼蟲(chóng)Larva

初孵幼蟲(chóng)長(zhǎng)約1.5mm，頭黑色，體乳白色。老齡幼蟲(chóng)體長(zhǎng)20～30mm，背線(xiàn)明顯，暗褐色。中、后胸各有4個(gè)圓形毛瘤，腹部1～8節(jié)每節(jié)各有毛瘤6個(gè)，前排4個(gè)較大，后排2個(gè)較小。Thenewlyhatchedlarvaisabout1.5mmlong,withablackheadandamilkywhitebody.Theoldlarvaeare20~30mmlong,withobviousbacklinesanddarkbrownbody.Therearefourroundhairtumorsinthemiddleandlowerthorax,sixineachofthefirsttoeightsegmentsoftheabdomen,fourlargeronesinthefrontrow,andtwosmalleronesinthebackrow.初孵幼蟲(chóng)Newlyhatchedlarvae老齡幼蟲(chóng)Oldlarvae五玉米螟綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer4、蛹

Pupa

體長(zhǎng)15～20mm，黃褐色，紡錘形，體背密布細(xì)小波狀橫皺紋。腹部末端臀棘黑褐色，頂端有5～8根鉤刺，并有絲纏連。Thebodylengthis15~20mm,yellowish-brown,spindle-shaped,andthebackofthebodyisdenselycoveredwithfinewavytransversewrinkles.Thebuttockspinesattheendoftheabdomenaredarkbrown,with5~8hookspinesatthetop,whichareentangledwiththreads.五玉米螟綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer（二）玉米螟發(fā)生規(guī)律Occurrenceregularityofcornborer1、生活史Lifehistory（1）世代歷期Stages成蟲(chóng)期8-10dImagostage8-10d卵期3-5dEggstage3-5d幼蟲(chóng)期約25d，越冬幼蟲(chóng)長(zhǎng)達(dá)200dThelarvalstageisabout25d,andtheoverwinteringlarvaelastupto200d蛹期7-11dPupalstage7-11d五玉米螟綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer（2）發(fā)生世代Generations國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)生1-7代1-7generationsinChina（3）發(fā)生期Occurrenceperiod在重慶越冬代成蟲(chóng)在4月下旬至5月中旬發(fā)生。TheoverwinteringimagoesinChongqingoccurfromlateApriltomidMay.四川、重慶一年發(fā)生2-4代2–4generationsoccurinSichuanandChongqinginayear第一代幼蟲(chóng)Firstgenerationoflarvae為害春玉米Harmspringcorn第二代幼蟲(chóng)Secondgenerationoflarvae為害夏玉米Harmsummercorn第三、四代幼蟲(chóng)Thirdandfourthgenerationsoflarvae為害秋玉米，且最嚴(yán)重Harmautumncorn,withtheworsthazardw五玉米螟綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer2、玉米螟生活習(xí)性L(fǎng)ivinghabitsofcornborer（1）成蟲(chóng)Imagoes常晚上羽化Eclosionisgenerallyatnight

繁殖及產(chǎn)卵習(xí)性Breedingandspawninghabits趨光性Phototaxis五玉米螟綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer（2）幼蟲(chóng)Larva共5齡5instarsintotal多食性Polyphagia低齡幼蟲(chóng)蛀食心葉，大齡幼蟲(chóng)蛀莖為害Younglarvaeboreheartleaves,whileoldlarvaeborestems負(fù)趨光性

喜潛藏為害Negativephototaxis,liketohideanddoharm

趨糖、趨觸、趨濕性Glycotaxis,tactilityandhumidity老熟幼蟲(chóng)在寄主被害部位越冬Thematurelarvaeoverwinterattheharmedpartofthehost五玉米螟綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer越冬蟲(chóng)源基數(shù)Basenumberofoverwinteringinsectsources氣候條件Climaticconditions寄主植物及品種Hostplantandcultivar天敵Naturalenemy栽培管理措施Cultivationmanagementmeasures3、影響稻玉米螟發(fā)生的因素Factorsaffectingtheoccurrenceofricecornborer五玉米螟綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer（四）防治技術(shù)

ControlTechnique1、農(nóng)業(yè)防治

Agriculturalcontrol

選用高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)抗(耐)蟲(chóng)品種；消滅越冬蟲(chóng)源，收獲后徹底清除玉米螟的越冬場(chǎng)所，清除田間秸稈、根茬并集中燒毀。適當(dāng)推遲播種期，可減少第一代發(fā)生數(shù)量，從而減輕第二代的危害。Selecthigh-yieldandhigh-qualitypest-resistantcultivars;eliminatethesourceofoverwinteringpests,completelyremovetheoverwinteringplacesofcornborerafterharvest,removestrawandrootstubbleinthefieldandburntheminacentralizedmanner.Appropriatepostponementofthesowingperiodcanreducethenumberofoccurrenceofthefirstgeneration,thusreducingtheharmofthesecondgeneration.五玉米螟綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer2、生物防治

Biologiccontrol

利用赤眼蜂、白僵菌和蘇云金桿菌等防治玉米螟。在玉米螟卵孵化始、初盛、和盛期進(jìn)行3次放蜂，設(shè)放蜂點(diǎn)5～10個(gè)／畝，利用赤眼蜂蜂卡放蜂1～2萬(wàn)頭/畝，蜂卡經(jīng)變溫鍛煉后，夾在玉米植株下部第5或第6葉的葉腑處；在玉米心葉中期每株使用2g孢子含量為50～100億／g的白僵菌粉，按1：10的比例制成的顆粒劑。UseTrichogrammabassianum,BeauveriabassianaandBacillusthuringiensistocontrolcornborer.Releasebeesthreetimesatthebeginning,initialfloweringandpeakfloweringperiodofcornboreregghatching,setup5~10beespots/mu,andrelease10,000~20,000bees/muwiththeTrichogrammabeecard.Aftertemperaturechangeexercise,clampthecardbetweenthefifthorsixthleavesatthelowerpartofthecornplant;applygranulesmadeintheratioof1:10with2gofBeauveriabassianapowderwithasporecontentof5~10billion/gperplantinthemiddlestageofcorncoreleaf.五玉米螟綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer3、藥劑防治

Chemicalcontrol

（1）在玉米心葉期使用顆粒劑是控制玉米螟危害的有效方法。玉米心葉末期，“花葉”和“排孔”合計(jì)株率達(dá)到10％時(shí)，要及時(shí)進(jìn)行集中防治?？蛇x用0.5％辛硫磷顆粒劑，也可選用2．5％溴氰菊酯、或25％甲萘威可濕性粉劑等化學(xué)殺蟲(chóng)劑自制顆粒劑防治。Theuseofgranulesintheinnerleafstageofcornisaneffectivemethodtocontrolthehazardofcornborer.Attheendofthecornleafstage,whenthetotalplantingrateof"mosaic"and"rowhole"reaches10%,centralizedcontrolshallbecarriedoutintime.0.5%phoximgranules,2.5%deltamethrin,or25%carbarylwettablepowdersandotherchemicalpesticidescanbeselectedforself-madegranulesforcontrol.五玉米螟綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofCornBorer3、藥劑防治

Chemicalcontrol（2)玉米穗期防治：①藥液灌注雄穗，常用藥劑有18%殺蟲(chóng)雙水劑500倍液、50%敵敵畏乳油800倍液等。這些藥液均按每株10ml的用量灌注露雄期的玉米雄穗。②藥液點(diǎn)花絲，將50%敵敵畏乳劑800倍液，裝入帶細(xì)塑料管的瓶中，在玉米授粉結(jié)束而幼蟲(chóng)尚未集中為害花絲時(shí)，將藥液滴幾滴在雌穗頂端的花絲基部，熏殺幼蟲(chóng)。Controlatthecornspikestag