英語發(fā)展史課件

匯報人：xxx20xx-03-20英語發(fā)展史目錄TheOriginandEarlyDevelopmentofEnglishTheevolutionandcharacteristicsofmedicalEnglishTheStandardizationandStandardizationProcessofModernEnglishGlobaldissertationandinfluenceofmodernEnglishTheCurrentSituationandFutureTrendsofContemporaryEnglishUse01TheOriginandEarlyDevelopmentofEnglishProtoIndoEuropean(PIE)asthemonancestorPIEisbelievedtobethelinguisticancestorofmostEuropeanlanguages,includingEnglish0102DifferentiationofPIEOvertime,PIEdifferentiatedintoseverallanguagefamilies,includingGerman,Celtic,Slavic,etc.EnglishbelongstotheGermanlanguagefamilyPrimitiveIndoEuropeanLanguageandItsDifferentiationGermanlanguagesAgroupoflanguagesthatoriginatedfromPIEandsharemonlinguisticfeaturesProtoGermanThereconstructedmonancestorofallGermanlanguages,whichhasarisktolanguagessuchasOldEnglish,OldNorse,andGothicTheformationofthearbitraryGermanlanguagefamilyTheAngloSaxonswereagroupofGermantrialswhosettledinBritaininthe5thcentury,bringingtheirlanguage,OldEnglish,withthemAngloSaxonsasthemainethicalgroupOldEnglishhadastrongGermaninfluenceandcontainedmanywordsandgraphicalstructuresthatarestillfoundinmodernEnglishtodayOldEnglishcharacteristicsEarlyEnglishFundamentals:AngloSaxonChristianityofEnglandThespreadofChristianityinEnglandBeganinthe6thcenturyandledtotheestablishmentoftheEnglishChurchLatininfluenceWiththespreadofChristianity,LatinbecauseanimportantlanguageinEngland,specificallyinrelevantandscholarlycontextsThisLEDtoasignificantfluxofLatinloanwordsintoOldEnglish,aswellasinfluencesongrammarandvocabularyThespreadofChristianityandtheinfluenceofLatin02TheevolutionandcharacteristicsofmedicalEnglishVikingraidsandsettlementsinBritishbroughNordiclanguagesintocontactwithOldEnglishLoanwordsandgraphicalinfluencesfromNordiclanguagescanbefoundinmedicalEnglishtextsThefusionofNorthernandOldEnglishresultedinlinguisticchangesthatshapedthedevelopmentofmedicalEnglishTheVikingInvasionandtheFusionofNorthernLanguagesFrenchvocabularyisduetoreputationingovernment,law,andliterature,leadingtoadistinctbilingualisminmedicalEnglishsocietyThefluxofFrenchwordshasasignificantimpactonthevocabularyandsyntaxofmedicalEnglish,makingitmoreplexanddiverseTheNormanConquestof1066LEDtotheintroductionofFrenchasthelanguageoftherulingclassinEnglandAlargefluxofFrenchvocabularyaftertheNormanConquestLiteraryworkssuchastheCanterburyTalesandSirGawainandtheGreenKnightshowcasethechangesinmedievalEnglishlanguagestyles.TheseworksfeatureamixofOldEnglishandFrenchinfluences,reflectingthelinguisticdiversityoftheperiodTheuseofappropriation,rhyme,andmeterinmedicalliteraturealsocontributedtothedevelopmentofEnglishpoetictraditionsMedicalliteratureworksreflectchangesinlanguagestyleTheHundredYearsWarbetweenEnglandandFrance(1337-1453)ledtoariseinnationalconsciousnessamongtheEnglishpeopleThisperiodsawanincreaseintheuseofEnglishasalanguageofnationalidentityandunityThewaralsocontributedtothedevelopmentofadistinctEnglishliterarytrade,withworkssuchastheHenryVplaysbyShakespearereflectingthegrowingsenseofnationalpriceandunityTheawakeningofnationalconsciousnessduringtheHungryYearsWar03TheStandardizationandStandardizationProcessofModernEnglishInventionoftheprintingpressureJohannesGutenberg'sinventionoftheprintingpressureinthemid-15thcenturyrevolutionizedbookproduction,makingitpossibletoproducelargequantitiesofbooksquicklyandcheaplySpreadofprintedmaterialsTheprintingpressfacilitatedthewidespreaddiscussionofprintedmaterials,includingbooks,pamphlets,andnewspapers,whichsignificantlycontributedtothepopularizationofqualityandknowledgeImpactonlanguagedevelopmentTheincreasedavailabilityofprintedmaterialsallowedforthewidespreadseminarofstandardizedlanguageforms,whichinturnpromotesthedevelopmentandstabilizationofModernEnglishPromotingPrintingTechnologytoPromotethePopularizationofBooks010203LiteraryflowTheRenaissanceperiodsawaflowofliterature,includingpoetry,drama,andProseworks,whichintroducedawealthofnewvocabularyandlinguisticformsintoEnglishTranslationmovementDuringthisperiod,therewasasignificanttranslationmovement,particularlyofclassicalworksfromGreekandLatin,whichfurtherenrichedtheEnglishlanguagewithloanwordsandnewconceptsScientificandtechnologicaladvantagesTheRenaissancealsosawsignificantadvantagesinscienceandtechnology,whichbreakthroughwiththeirnewterminalandwaysofexpressingplexideasTheRenaissanceperiodhasarichanddiversevocabularyNeedforstandardizationAstheEnglishlanguagecontinuedtoevolveanddevelop,therewasanincreasingneedforstandardizationinordertofacilitatemunicationandunderstandingEarlydictionariesSomeoftheearliestEnglishdictionarieswerepiledduringthisperiod,includingRobertCawdrey's"ATableAlphabetical"in1604,whichwasthefirstEnglishdictionarytobepublishedEarlydictionarycompilationworkBeganSamuelJohnson's"ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage"Publishedin1755,SamuelJohnson'sdictionarywasalandmarkachievementinthehistoryofEnglishvocabularyItwasthefirstprehensiveEnglishdictionarytobepiledbyonepersonandremainsanimportantreferenceworktodayEarlydictionarycompilationworkBeganEarlygrammariansDuringtheRenaissanceandearlymodernperiod,severalimportantgrammariansemergedwhowerebettertocodeandsystematizetherulesofEnglishgrammarPrescriptivegrammarThesegrammarians,suchasLindleyMurrayandRobertLow,producedprescriptivegrammarbooksthataimtoestablishstandardrulesforcorrectusageandpromotionGraduallyestablishingandimprovinggrammarrulesDescriptivegrammarIncontrasttopredictivegrammar,descriptivegrammarseekstodescribehowlanguageisactuallyusedbyspeakersparedtopredictivehowitshouldbeusedThetransitionfromprescriptivetodescriptivegrammarmarkedanimportantshiftintheunderstandingandteachingofEnglishgrammarGraduallyestablishingandimprovinggrammarrules04GlobaldissertationandinfluenceofmodernEnglishBritishEmpire01ThevastterritorialexpansionoftheBritishEmpireinthe17thto19thcentersledtothewidespreadduseofEnglishincoloniesaroundtheworldTradeandmerce02Englishbecausethelinguafrancaoftradeandmerce,facilitatingmunicationbetweendifferentnationsandculturesEducationsystem03TheestablishmentofEnglishmediaschoolsanduniversitiesincolonialterritoriesfurtherpromotedthediscussionofthelanguageColonialexpansiondriveslanguagedissertationAmericanculturalinfluenceFollowingWorldWarII,theUnitedStatesemergedasaglobalsuperpower,anditsculture,includingtheEnglishlanguage,becauseofhighinfluenceMediaandentertainmentAmericanmovies,music,andtelevisionshowsdominatedtheglobalmedialandscape,makingEnglishwidelyaccessibleandpopularAcademicandscientificresearchTheUnitedStatesishometomanyleadinguniversitiesandresearchinstitutions,attractingstudentsandscholarsfromaroundtheworldwhocontributetothedevelopmentanddiscussionofEnglishAftertwoWorldWars,theUnitedStatesbecameaculturalcenter要點(diǎn)三TheriskofthedigitalageTherapiddevelopmentoftechnologyinthelate20thandearly21stcenturyledtothecreationofnewprofessionalterminologyinfieldssuchasputing,theinternet,andartisticintelligence0102GlobalizationoftechnologyAstechnologyhasbeemoreglobalized,EnglishhasbeethepreferredlanguageforinternationalmunicationinthesefieldsInnovationinlanguageuseTechnicaladvantageshavealsoledtoinnovationsinlanguageuse,suchastheemergenceofnewgenesofwritingandspeakingstylesadaptedtodigitalplatforms03TechnicaldevelopmentdrivesinnovationinprofessionalterminalsEnglishasalinguafrancaEnglishhasbeethemostwidelyusedlanguageforinternationalmunication,servingasalinguafrancaforpeoplefromdifferentculturesandbackgroundsEnglishininternationalorganizationsManyinternationalorganizations,includingtheUnitedNations,useEnglishastheirprimarylanguageofmunicationEnglishforglobalbusinessEnglishisessentialforconductingbusinessinternationally,asitfacilitatesmunicationbetweenpaniesandcustomersaroundtheworldThestatusofEnglishcontinuestoriseinthecontextofglobalization05TheCurrentSituationandFutureTrendsofContemporaryEnglishUseComparisonofEnglishproficiencydifferencesamongdifferentcountriesVaryinglevelsofEnglishproficiencycanaffectacountry'sabilitytoparticipateininternationalmunicationandcollaborationImpactoninternationalmunicationDifferentcountrieshavedifferentlevelsofEnglishproficienc