安徽省蕪湖市2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期10月第一次月考英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1安徽省蕪湖市2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期10月第一次月考英語試卷第一部分聽力（共20小題，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1．Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A．Searchthecanteen.B．Buyanewtextbook.C．Putupanotice.2．Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?A．BeechStreet.B．EastMain.C．LindenAvenue.3．Howmuchtimedoesthewoman’swatchgain?A．Tenminutes.B．Fiveminutes.C．Fifteenminutes.4．Whoisthemanprobably?A．Apoliceman.B．Agasstationclerk.C．Adrivingcoach.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Theniceweather.B．Thestrongwind.C．Thebeautifulleaves.第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6、7題。6．Wheredoesthewoman’sbrotherwork?A．Atthepolicestation.B．Inasmallstore.C．Inacollege.7．Howisthewoman’srelationshipwithherparents?A．Terrible.B．Justso-so.C．Good.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8和第9兩個(gè)小題。8．Whichteamdoesthemansupport?A．TheReds.B．TheCubs.C．TheMets.9．WhatdoesthewomansayabouttheCubs?A．Theyhaveanewbaserunner.B．Theyhaveagreatrecordthisyear.C．Theywoneverygamethisseason.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第10至第12三個(gè)小題。10．Howoldisthewoman?A．25yearsold.B．60yearsold.C．70yearsold.11．Whatkindofshopsdoesthewomannevervisit?A．Bigchainstores.B．Smallshops.C．Independentshops.12．Whatisthewoman’sopinionaboutfashions?A．Theyneverrepeat.B．Jeansarethemostfashionable.C．Someofthemmayreturnyearslater.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第13至第16四個(gè)小題。13．Whatwillthepresentationstartwith?A．Thefunctionsofclouds.B．Theformationofclouds.C．Thedifferenttypesofclouds.14．Whydoesthemansuggesthavingsmallcards?A．Toorganizealltheresearch.B．Toremindhimofwhattosay.CTomakethepresentationinteresting.15．Whatwillthemando?A．Preparethecards.B．Makethepresentationslides.C．Lookforpicturesofcloudsonline.16．Whatsectionwillthewomantalkabout?A．Theintroduction.B．Thelow-levelclouds.C．Themedium-levelclouds.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至第20四個(gè)小題。17．WhatdoweknowabouttheClimbingCenter?A．Itwasstartedin1952byamountaineer.B．ItrunscoursesfromMarchtoNovember.C．Itdoesn’tprovideaccommodationinwinter.18．Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofthepriceofthefour-daycourse?A．Low.B．Reasonable.C．High.19．Whatdidthespeakerlearntodoonthesecondday?A．Predicttheweather.B．Readamap.C．Setupatent.20．WhatcanpeopleenjoyintheeveningsattheCenter?A．Seeingfilms.B．Readingbooks.C．Playingtabletennis.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWhat’sHappeningatCheshireLibraryinSeptemberMovieMatineesAreBack!Septemberl,1:00pm:ThePolarExpress(2004)September7,1:00pm:TheDarjeelingLimited(2007)We’rebringingourMovieMatineesback,andthismonththere’stroubleonatrain!Thisisadrop-inprogram,noregistrationrequired.Comebyforamovieonthebigscreen!ArtJournalingwithMeganJefferySeptember8,6:30-8:00pmLearnhowyoucangetstartedindocumentingyourlifewithartjournalinginthisengagingworkshopledbyillustratorMeganJeffery.Participantswillcreatetheirownjoumalingcardsusingavarietyofsupplies.Spaceislimited,soregistrationisrequired.TheHumaneGardener:NancyLawson(Online)September15,6:30-8:00pmJoinauthorNancyLawsonasourspecialguestspeakerinanonlinepresentationrelatedtoherbookTheHumaneGardener:NurturingaBackyardHabitatforWildlife,whichexplainstheimportanceofcoexistingwiththelocalwildlife.RegistrationrequiredtoreceiveaZoomlinkonehourbeforethestartoftheprogram.PreschoolStorytime(Ages3-5)September20,10:00-10:45amAprogramforpreschoolerstolearnthroughtalking,singing,reading,writing,andplaying!Forchildrenages3-5andtheircaregivers.Registration:CheshireresidentsmayregisterbeginningonSeptember6.Non-residentsmayregisterstartingonSeptember13.1.Whatisspecialaboutthemovie-watchingprogram?A.Itisheldonatrain. B.Itisanonlineprogram.C.Itincludeshands-onactivities. D.Itrequiresnoadvanceregistration.2.WhatshouldparticipantsdobeforejoiningthepresentationbyNancyLawson?A.ClickaZoomlink. B.Readherlatestbook.C.Bringtheirownartsupplies. D.Submitanartjournalingcard.3.WhoaremostlikelyinterestedintheSept.20program?A.Movielovers. B.Gardeners. C.Preschoolers’parents. D.Artists.【答案】1.D2.A3.C【語篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了Cheshire圖書館舉辦的四個(gè)活動(dòng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MovieMatineesAreBack!部分中“Thisisadrop-inprogram,noregistrationrequired.(這是一個(gè)臨時(shí)項(xiàng)目，不需要注冊(cè))”可知，這是一個(gè)無需預(yù)約、無需注冊(cè)的活動(dòng)。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheHumaneGardener:NancyLawson(Online)部分中“RegistrationrequiredtoreceiveaZoomlinkonehourbeforethestartoftheprogram.(注冊(cè)后需要在節(jié)目開始前一小時(shí)收到Zoom鏈接)”可知，在參加NancyLawson的演講之前，參與者應(yīng)該單擊Zoom鏈接。故選A。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)PreschoolStorytime(Ages3-5)部分中“September20”及“Aprogramforpreschoolerstolearnthroughtalking,singing,reading,writing,andplaying!Forchildrenages3-5andtheircaregivers.(一個(gè)讓學(xué)齡前兒童通過說話、唱歌、閱讀、寫作和玩耍來學(xué)習(xí)的項(xiàng)目！適用于3-5歲兒童及其看護(hù)人)”可知，9月20日是一個(gè)給學(xué)齡前兒童準(zhǔn)備的活動(dòng)，他們的父母應(yīng)該對(duì)這個(gè)活動(dòng)最感興趣。故選C。BMyfamilyandIhadsetoutonadaytripfromShillongtoCherrapunji,atownknownforbeingoneofthewettestplacesonEarth.However,afterwehadbeenstuckintrafficformorethanfourhours,oneofmysistersproposedgoingbacktothecityasalastattempttosavewhateverremainedoftheday.Aquickonlinesearchrevealedothermust-visitspotsaroundShillong.Mostwerefamiliar,butonecaughtourattention—Nartiangwithitsmysteriousmonoliths(獨(dú)石碑).Thephotoshowedtallstonespiledtogetherinastrangeformation,appealingtoustoexplorefurtherdespitethelackofdetailsprovided.ThatishowIfoundmyselfstandingintheshadowofthehugemonolithsofNartiang,whichishometothethickestandlargestcollectionintheregion.Curioustouncovertheirhistory,IapproachedMaryoSymblai,avillageelderImetlaterthatday,whotoldmethestoryofthemonolithsthathasbeenorallypasseddownovergenerations.Shesaid,“Backintheday,Nartiangdidn’thaveabazaar(集市)andthenearestonewasatRaliang.Ononesuchbazaar,agiantnamedMarPhalyngkiwascaughtinheavyrainonhiswayback.HerequestedtoborrowanumbrellafromtheRaliangchief’syoungestdaughter,butshewantedtotesthislegendarystrengthinstead.‘Whydon’tyougoliftthathugestoneinthebazaaranduseitasanumbrella?’shesaiddismissively.Emboldenedbyherchallenge,hejustdidthat,butbeforereachingNartiang,heplaceditinaforestwhentherainhadstopped.”“ThereisacertainoverlapofancientstoryandmemoryinthecaseoftheNartiangmonoliths.Thelocals’accountofhowtheplacecametobeisbasedonancientstoriesorfolkcustoms.Buttheyalsorememberitbecauseitservedtheirancestorsasaweeklymarketplace,amemorial,andaplaceforpoliticalgatherings.Thatishoworalhistoryworks.Itmixesfactandfictionintocollectivememory”,saidDrReejuRay,alocalwriter.Today,eventhoughthetraditionalcustomsandmoreconfirmedhistoricalaccountsoffersomeinsightintothesite,themystery(奧秘)ofthestonegiantslasts.4.WhydidtheauthorandhisfamilycometovisitthemonolithsofNartiang?A.Itwasintheiroriginaltripplan.B.Theyhadtochooseitasanalternative.C.Itwastheonlyremainingplacetovisit.D.Aneldervillagergavethemthesuggestion.5.Whichdoestheunderlinedword“Emboldened”inparagraph2mean?A.Threatened. B.Moved. C.Stimulated. D.Frightened.6.WhyareDr.ReejuRay’swordsmentioned?A.Toinformwhatthemonolithsservedas.B.Toillustratehowthemysteriousstorycameintobeing.C.TointroducethefeatureofNartiangmonoliths.D.Todenytheoverlapofancientstoryandmemory.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ATriptotheMonoliths. B.TheMysteryofShillong.C.TheFormationoftheMonoliths. D.ADisappointingTravelExperience.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者探索Nartiang巨石的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“MyfamilyandIhadsetoutonadaytripfromShillongtoCherrapunji,atownknownforbeingoneofthewettestplacesonEarth.However,afterwehadbeenstuckintrafficformorethanfourhours,oneofmysistersproposedgoingbacktothecityasalastattempttosavewhateverremainedoftheday.Aquickonlinesearchrevealedothermust-visitspotsaroundShillong.Mostwerefamiliar,butonecaughtourattention—Nartiangwithitsmysteriousmonoliths(獨(dú)石碑).(我和家人從Shillong出發(fā)前往Cherrapunji，這是一個(gè)以地球上最潮濕的地方之一而聞名的小鎮(zhèn)。然而，在我們被困在交通中四個(gè)多小時(shí)后，我的一個(gè)姐姐提議回到城市，作為最后一次嘗試，以挽救當(dāng)天剩下的一切。一個(gè)快速的在線搜索顯示，Shillong周圍還有其他必去景點(diǎn)。大多數(shù)人都很熟悉，但有一個(gè)引起了我們的注意——Nartiang及其神秘的巨石。)”可知，作者因?yàn)榻煌ū焕?，所以改變?cè)瓉砺糜温肪€，不得已選擇參觀Nartiang及其神秘的巨石。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第二段“HerequestedtoborrowanumbrellafromtheRaliangchief’syoungestdaughter,butshewantedtotesthislegendarystrengthinstead.‘Whydon’tyougoliftthathugestoneinthebazaaranduseitasanumbrella?’shesaiddismissively.Emboldenedbyherchallenge,hejustdidthat,butbeforereachingNartiang,heplaceditinaforestwhentherainhadstopped.(他要求向拉良首領(lǐng)的小女兒借把傘，但她想試試他傳奇般的力量你為什么不去集市上搬那塊巨石當(dāng)傘用呢？”她輕蔑地說。在她的挑戰(zhàn)的下，他就這么做了，但在到達(dá)Nartiang之前，雨停了，他把它放在了森林里。)”可推測(cè)，這里指在女孩的話語的“刺激”下，巨人搬了石頭。所以猜測(cè)Emboldened表“被刺激”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段“ThereisacertainoverlapofancientstoryandmemoryinthecaseoftheNartiangmonoliths.Thelocals’accountofhowtheplacecametobeisbasedonancientstoriesorfolkcustoms.Buttheyalsorememberitbecauseitservedtheirancestorsasaweeklymarketplace,amemorial,andaplaceforpoliticalgatherings.Thatishoworalhistoryworks.Itmixesfactandfictionintocollectivememory(在Nartiang巨石的案例中，古代故事和記憶有一定的重疊。當(dāng)?shù)厝藢?duì)這個(gè)地方是如何形成的描述是基于古代故事或民俗。但他們也記得它，因?yàn)樗撬麄冏嫦让恐艿募?、紀(jì)念碑和政治集會(huì)的場(chǎng)所。口述歷史就是這樣運(yùn)作的。它將事實(shí)和虛構(gòu)混合到集體記憶中)”可知，文中提到了Dr.ReejuRay的話是為了說明這個(gè)神秘的故事是如何產(chǎn)生的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第一段“Aquickonlinesearchrevealedothermust-visitspotsaroundShillong.Mostwerefamiliar,butonecaughtourattention—Nartiangwithitsmysteriousmonoliths(獨(dú)石碑).Thephotoshowedtallstonespiledtogetherinastrangeformation,appealingtoustoexplorefurtherdespitethelackofdetailsprovided.(一個(gè)快速的在線搜索顯示，Shillong周圍還有其他必去景點(diǎn)。大多數(shù)人都很熟悉，但有一個(gè)引起了我們的注意——Nartiang及其神秘的巨石。照片顯示，高高的石頭以一種奇怪的形式堆積在一起，盡管缺乏細(xì)節(jié)，但仍呼吁我們進(jìn)一步探索。)”以及下文可知，文章主要講作者探索Nartiang巨石的故事，所以A項(xiàng)ATriptotheMonoliths(巨石之旅)作為文章標(biāo)題，與本文主題相符合。故選A項(xiàng)。CAsoneofthemostmomentouslanguagesintheworld,Latinhadhumblebeginnings.ItoriginatedalongtheTiberRiverinItalyandonlyahandfulofpeoplespokethelanguage.Overtime,LatinbecamemoredistinguishedasRomansprocuredpoliticalpower.ManyfamousliterarytextsandscientificclassificationswerewritteninLatin.EventhoughknowingLatinindicatedapersonwaseducated,accordingtoBritannica,inthe20thcenturyfarfewerpeoplelearnedLatin”,leadingittobeclassifiedasa"dead”language.Therearearound7,000livinglanguagesintheworld,but,accordingtoBritannica,“morethanhalfareatriskofdyingoutbytheendofthe21stcentury”.Civilizationsevolveovertimeandsodolanguages.Moreoftenthannot,alanguagediesbecauseeveryonewhospeaksthelanguagedies.Forexample,MarieSmithJones,perhapsthelastnativespeakeroftheAlaskanEyaklanguage,diedattheageof89in2008,andsodidthelanguage.Now,fewerandfewerpeoplespeakLatin,whichraisespublic'sawarenessaboutitspreservation.Actually,therearemanyotherreasonsinrespectofwhyLatinshouldbepreservedortaught.“Itisawindowintoanengagingancientcivilization,andstudyinganancientcivilizationteachesustorespectdifferentpointsofviewandunfamiliarculturalpractices,"saysKathleenColeman,JamesLoebProfessorofHarvardUniversity.Sinceitisn'tusedinordinaryconversations,therearealotofdifficultiesthatarisefromteachingLatin.Teachinga'dead'languageisdistinctfromteachingotherlanguages,explainsColeman,“becausetherearenonativespeakerstodemonstrateushowitsoundsoranswerquestionsaboutthemeaningsofwordsorjustifyidioms.Whileit'stough,westillcanfindtheanswerstoourquestionsfromthefragmentaryevidenceavailableinwrittentexts.”8.WhatcanwelearnaboutLatinfromParagraph1?A.Latinwaswell-knownsinceitsbirth.B.OnlyeducatedpeoplelearnedLatininthepast.C.Latinwasnotfavoredbyscientistsandwriters.D.Allpeopledidn'tlearnLatininthe20thcentury.9.TheauthormentionsMarieSmithJonesinParagraph2toshow.A.Latinisgoingtobea"dead”language.B.whatitreallymeanswhenalanguagedies.C.whypeopleshouldbeawareofprotectinglanguages.D.heisthelastnativespeakeroftheAlaskanEyaklanguage.10.WhyshouldpeoplelearnLatinaccordingtoColeman?A.Toshowunfamiliarpractices.B.Torespectothers'opinions.C.Tolearnaboutanancientsociety.D.Toprotecta"dead”language.11.Whatwilltheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Thelearningmaterials.B.ThedevelopmentofLatin.C.Thelearningmethods.D.ThedifficultiesinlearningLatin.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了拉丁語的日漸消亡的原因以及被教授或者保護(hù)拉丁語所面臨的問題?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句EventhoughknowingLatinindicatedapersonwaseducated,accordingtoBritannica,inthe20thcenturyfarfewerpeoplelearnedLatin”,leadingittobeclassifiedasa"dead”language.（根據(jù)《大英百科全書》，即使懂拉丁語意味著一個(gè)人受過教育，但在20世紀(jì)學(xué)習(xí)拉丁語的人要少得多”，導(dǎo)致拉丁語被歸類為“消失”語言。）可知，在20世紀(jì)，并非所有人都學(xué)拉丁語。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“Forexample,MarieSmithJones,perhapsthelastnativespeakeroftheAlaskanEyaklanguage,diedattheageof89in2008,andsodidthelanguage.”（例如，阿拉斯加埃亞克語的最后一位母語使用者瑪麗·史密斯·瓊斯于2008年去世，享年89歲。埃亞克語也是如此。）可知，文中提到MarieSmithJones是為了說明第三句“Moreoftenthannot,alanguagediesbecauseeveryonewhospeaksthelanguagedies.”（通常情況下，一種語言的消亡是因?yàn)檎f這種語言的人都死了。）所以作者在第二段提到瑪麗·史密斯·瓊斯來說明，當(dāng)一種語言消亡時(shí)，它意味著什么。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Itisawindowintoanengagingancientcivilization,andstudyinganancientcivilizationteachesustorespectdifferentpointsofviewandunfamiliarculturalpractices”（它是一個(gè)通向迷人的古代文明的窗口，研究一個(gè)古代文明教會(huì)我們尊重不同的觀點(diǎn)和陌生的文化習(xí)俗）可知，人們學(xué)習(xí)拉丁語是為了了解古代社會(huì)。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Whileit'stough,westillcanfindtheanswerstoourquestionsfromthefragmentaryevidenceavailableinwrittentexts.”（雖然很難，但我們?nèi)匀豢梢詮臅嫖谋局蝎@得的零碎證據(jù)中找到問題的答案。）可知，接下來文章要討論在書面文本中獲得的學(xué)習(xí)材料。故選A。DOdors(氣味)arecomplexandoftenhavechangeablestructures,andcanshowmeaningfulinformationaboutananimal’ssurroundings,likethelocationoffoodsources.Butithaspreviouslybeenassumedthatmammalian(哺乳動(dòng)物的)brainscan`tfullyprocessthesetemporalchangesinsmellbecausetheyhappensorapidly,muchfasterthanananimalcansmell.Usingbehavioralexperiments,researchersattheFrancisCrickInstituteandUCL(UniversityCollegeLondon)foundthatmicecan,infact,detectveryrapidvariationswithinodors,atratespreviouslynotthoughtpossible.Theyalsoshowedthatmicecanusethisinformationtodistinguishwhetherodorsarecomingfromthesameordifferentsources,eveniftheyareveryclosetoeachother.Thissuggeststhatthemammalianolfactory(嗅覺的)systemisalsokeyinprocessingtheawarenessofphysicalspaceandsurroundings,guidingdecisionsimportanttosurvival.AndreasSchaefer,groupleaderoftheSensoryCircuitsandNeurotechnologyLaboratoryatUCLsays:“Fromanevolutionary(進(jìn)化的)pointofviewourfindingsmakesenseastheyhelptoexplainwhythereisalotofcomputationalpowerwithintheolfactorybulb,thepartofthebrainwherethenosesendssignalsto.It’snotonlyprocessingchemicalsfromodorsbutalsocalculatinginformationaboutphysicaldistanceandsources.Itwouldhavebeenstrangeforevolutiontocreatesuchprocessingpowerinthispartofthebrainifitwerenotbeingusedtohelpthespeciessurvive.”Inonekeyexperiment,thescientiststrainedmicetodetectwhethertwoodorswerecomingfromthesamesourceorseparatesources.Themicewereabletocorrectlydistinguishthisdifference.Aspartofthestudy,thescientistsdesignednewtechnologiesincludingahigh-speedodordeliverydeviceandequipmentthatcanmeasureseveralodorswithextremelyhighprecision.Theseinnovationswillenablemorecomplicatedworkontheolfactorybulb,increasingourknowledgeofhowthisbrainregionprocessesinformationabouttheenvironmentandinfluencesbehavior.12.Whathasbeenpreviouslyassumedimpossibleformammalianbrains?A.Sensingfastandsmallchangesinodors.B.Respondingtodifferentbehaviorsproperly.C.Spottingrelationshipsamongdifferentodors.D.Rememberingtheexactlocationoffoodsources.13.WhatdoSchaefer’swordsimplyabouttheolfactorybulb?A.Itsendssignalstothenose. B.Itchangesananimal’sevolution.C.Itdetectsananimal’ssurroundings. D.Itrecognizesdifferentpartsofthebrain.14.Whydidthescientistscreatenewtechnologies?A.Toinvestigatethestructuresofseveralodors.B.Tolearnmoreabouthowtheolfactorybulbworks.C.Todevelopmoretreatmentsfortheolfactorybulb.D.Toexploretheimpactoftheenvironmentonthebrain.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.Micemighthaveauniqueolfactorysystem.B.Mammalianbrainsowncomputationalpower.C.Differentstructuresofodorsattractdifferentmice.D.Rapidchangingsmellscanteachmiceaboutspace.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。氣味是復(fù)雜的，通常具有可變的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以顯示動(dòng)物周圍環(huán)境的有意義的信息，比如食物來源的位置。但此前人們認(rèn)為，哺乳動(dòng)物的大腦無法完全處理這些嗅覺的時(shí)間變化，因?yàn)樗鼈儼l(fā)生得太快了。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，事實(shí)上，老鼠可以以以前認(rèn)為不可能的速度檢測(cè)到氣味的快速變化，還能辨別氣味是否來自相同或不同的來源。這表明，哺乳動(dòng)物的嗅覺系統(tǒng)在處理對(duì)物理空間和環(huán)境的感知起著關(guān)鍵作用，可以指導(dǎo)對(duì)生存至關(guān)重要的決策?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Odors(氣味)arecomplexandoftenhavechangeablestructures,andcanshowmeaningfulinformationaboutananimal’ssurroundings,likethelocationoffoodsources.Butithaspreviouslybeenassumedthatmammalian(哺乳動(dòng)物的)brainscan`tfullyprocessthesetemporalchangesinsmellbecausetheyhappensorapidly,muchfasterthanananimalcansmell.”（氣味很復(fù)雜，通常具有可變的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以顯示有關(guān)動(dòng)物周圍環(huán)境的有意義的信息，例如食物來源的位置。但之前人們認(rèn)為哺乳動(dòng)物的大腦無法完全處理這些嗅覺的瞬時(shí)變化，因?yàn)樗鼈儼l(fā)生得非?？欤葎?dòng)物的嗅覺快得多。）可知，氣味是復(fù)雜的，通常具有可變的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以顯示動(dòng)物周圍環(huán)境的有意義的信息，比如食物來源的位置。但此前人們認(rèn)為，哺乳動(dòng)物的大腦無法完全處理這些嗅覺的時(shí)間變化，因?yàn)樗鼈儼l(fā)生得太快了。第二段中“Usingbehavioralexperiments,researchersattheFrancisCrickInstituteandUCL(UniversityCollegeLondon)foundthatmicecan,infact,detectveryrapidvariationswithinodors,atratespreviouslynotthoughtpossible.”（弗朗西斯克里克研究所和倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的研究人員通過行為實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，老鼠實(shí)際上可以檢測(cè)到氣味的快速變化，其變化速度是以前認(rèn)為不可能的。）可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，事實(shí)上，老鼠可以以以前認(rèn)為不可能的速度檢測(cè)到氣味的快速變化，還能辨別氣味是否來自相同或不同的來源。由此可知，此前人們認(rèn)為哺乳動(dòng)物的大腦不可能感知?dú)馕犊焖俣?xì)微的變化。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“It’snotonlyprocessingchemicalsfromodorsbutalsocalculatinginformationaboutphysicaldistanceandsources.Itwouldhavebeenoddforevolutiontocreatesuchprocessingpowerinthispartofthebrainifitwerenotbeingusedtohelpthespeciessurvive.”（它不僅處理氣味中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，還計(jì)算有關(guān)物理距離和來源的信息。如果不是為了幫助物種生存，大腦的這一部分會(huì)進(jìn)化出如此強(qiáng)大的處理能力，這真是太奇怪了）可知，嗅球不僅從氣味中處理化學(xué)物質(zhì)，而且還計(jì)算物理距離和來源的信息，并且這些是可以用來幫助物種生存的，由此可推知，謝弗的話暗示了嗅球可以探測(cè)動(dòng)物的周圍環(huán)境。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Aspartofthestudy,thescientistsdesignednewtechnologiesincludingahigh-speedodordeliverydeviceandequipmentthatcanmeasureseveralodorswithextremelyhighprecision.Theseinnovationswillenablemorecomplicatedworkontheolfactorybulb,increasingourknowledgeofhowthisbrainregionprocessesinformationabouttheenvironmentandinfluencesbehavior.”（作為研究的一部分，科學(xué)家們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了新技術(shù)，包括高速氣味傳送裝置和可以以極高精度測(cè)量多種氣味的設(shè)備。這些創(chuàng)新將使嗅球研究更加復(fù)雜，讓我們更了解這個(gè)大腦區(qū)域如何處理環(huán)境信息并影響行為。）可知，科學(xué)家們創(chuàng)造新技術(shù)是為了進(jìn)一步了解嗅球的工作原理。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段“Usingbehavioralexperiments,researchersattheFrancisCrickInstituteandUCL(UniversityCollegeLondon)foundthatmicecan,infact,detectveryrapidvariationswithinodors,atratespreviouslynotthoughtpossible.Theyalsoshowedthatmicecanusethisinformationtodistinguishwhetherodorsarecomingfromthesameordifferentsources,eveniftheyareveryclosetoeachother.”（弗朗西斯克里克研究所和倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的研究人員通過行為實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，小鼠實(shí)際上能夠以以前認(rèn)為不可能的速度檢測(cè)到氣味的快速變化。他們還表明，即使氣味彼此非常接近，小鼠也可以利用這些信息區(qū)分氣味是來自相同來源還是不同來源。）和第三段“Thissuggeststhatthemammalianolfactory(嗅覺的)systemisalsokeyinprocessingtheawarenessofphysicalspaceandsurroundings,guidingdecisionsimportanttosurvival.”（這表明，哺乳動(dòng)物的嗅覺系統(tǒng)在處理物理空間和周圍環(huán)境意識(shí)方面也發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用，可以指導(dǎo)對(duì)生存至關(guān)重要的決策。）可知，文章主要講述了研究表明，快速變化的氣味可以讓老鼠了解空間知識(shí)。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowWeTalkaboutFearMattersLately,thereseemstobeplentytofearintheworld.Howwetalkaboutwhatwefearmightoffercluestohowweperceivethatemotionsociallyandculturally.Gettherootoffear._____16_____.InAngloSaxontimes,“fear”primarilyreferredtosuddendanger.Therootoftheworddatesbackto“pēr”fromIndo-Europeanabout6,000yearsago.Thisrootsuggeststhatfeardevelopedfromasudden(frightening)experienceyoupassedthrough.Figureouttheemotionalmeaningoffear.Whetheremotionsareviewedpositivelyornegativelyvariesfromculturetoculture._____17_____.Forinstance,inEnglish,theword“anxious”canbeusedtomean“worried”or“eager”.Butthewordmeaning“anxious”justmeans“regret”inDargwa.Therefore,manyEnglishspeakersmaynotviewanxietyasnegativelyasDargwaspeakers.Findoutafearfulpattern.Inlookingatsuchpatternsacrossthemajorlanguagefamilies,researchersfoundthattheword“fear”wasoftenassociatedwithanxiety,envyandgriefinIndo-Europeanlanguages.ButinAustronesianlanguages,“fear”moreoftenwasassociatedwithsurprise._____18_____._____19_____Howwetalkaboutfearchangeshowwereacttoit.Whenwetalkaboutwhatfrightensus,itmaybeusefultodisruptassociatedmeanings.Inaddition,howourlanguagecategorizesanemotionseemstoimpactwhetherweperceivethoseemotionsnegativelyorpositively.Inconclusion,fearissomethingthatcanbechangedbyculturalandlinguisticexperience._____20_____.PerhapsRooseveltwasrightwhenheinfamouslysaid“Theonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself.”A.TalkmoreaboutfearsB.ChangeourperceptionoffearC.ThewordfearhasalonghistoryinEnglishD.ThereseemedafearfulpatternacrossthemajorlanguagefamiliesE.ThisisbasedonwhatpeoplehavelearnedtoassociatewithemotionwordsF.ItopensthedoortopotentialwaystochangehowwetalkaboutandreacttoitG.Thismakesspeakersofthelatterlanguagesassociatethisemotionwithalessnegativesense【答案】16.C17.E18.G19.B20.F【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了我們應(yīng)該如何去談?wù)摽謶??！?6題詳解】下文“InAngloSaxontimes,“fear”primarilyreferredtosuddendanger.Therootoftheworddatesbackto“pēr”fromIndo-Europeanabout6,000yearsago.(在盎格魯-撒克遜時(shí)代，“恐懼”主要指突然發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)。這個(gè)詞的詞根可以追溯到大約6000年前印歐語的“pēr”)”介紹了“恐懼”一詞可追溯到約6000年前，是對(duì)C項(xiàng)“ThewordfearhasalonghistoryinEnglish(“恐懼”這個(gè)詞在英語中有很長的歷史)”內(nèi)容的具體說明，上下文語意連貫。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Whetheremotionsareviewedpositivelyornegativelyvariesfromculturetoculture.(對(duì)情緒的看法是積極的還是消極的，因文化而異)”指出恐懼的情緒含義因文化而異，下文“Forinstance,inEnglish,theword“anxious”canbeusedtomean“worried”or“eager”.Butthewordmeaning“anxious”justmeans“regret”inDargwa.Therefore,manyEnglishspeakersmaynotviewanxietyasnegativelyasDargwaspeakers.(例如，在英語中，單詞“anxious”可以用來表示“擔(dān)心的”或“急切的”。但是“anxious”這個(gè)詞在達(dá)格瓦語中只是“后悔”的意思。因此，許多說英語的人可能不會(huì)像說達(dá)瓜語的人那樣消極地看待“anxiety”)”用舉例的方法說明了一個(gè)詞匯的情緒含義是積極或消極因文化而異，與人們所習(xí)得的情緒相關(guān)，是對(duì)上文和E項(xiàng)“Thisisbasedonwhatpeoplehavelearnedtoassociatewithemotionwords(這是基于人們已經(jīng)學(xué)到的與情感詞匯相關(guān)的情緒)”內(nèi)容的舉例說明，上下文語意連貫。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“Inlookingatsuchpatternsacrossthemajorlanguagefamilies,researchersfoundthattheword“fear”wasoftenassociatedwithanxiety,envyandgriefinIndo-Europeanlanguages.ButinAustronesianlanguages,“fear”moreoftenwasassociatedwithsurprise.(在研究主要語系的這種模式時(shí)，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在印歐語系中，“恐懼”這個(gè)詞經(jīng)常與焦慮、嫉妒和悲傷聯(lián)系在一起。但在南島語中，“恐懼”更多的是與驚訝聯(lián)系在一起)”指出，在印歐語系中“恐懼”這個(gè)詞經(jīng)常與焦慮、嫉妒和悲傷聯(lián)系在一起，而在南島語中，“恐懼”更多的是與驚訝聯(lián)系在一起，由此可知，對(duì)使用南島語的人來說，“恐懼”一詞不會(huì)帶來太多的消極情緒。G項(xiàng)“Thismakesspeakersofthelatterlanguagesassociatethisemotionwithalessnegativesense(這使得說后一種語言的人不太會(huì)將“恐懼”與消極的感覺聯(lián)系在一起)”承接上文，表達(dá)了同樣的意思，句中“thelatter”照應(yīng)上文“inAustronesianlanguages”。故選G項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】設(shè)空句是段首主題句，根據(jù)下文“Howwetalkaboutfearchangeshowwereacttoit.Whenwetalkaboutwhatfrightensus,itmaybeusefultodisruptassociatedmeanings.Inaddition,howourlanguagecategorizesanemotionseemstoimpactwhetherweperceivethoseemotionsnegativelyorpositively.(我們談?wù)摽謶值姆绞綍?huì)改變我們對(duì)恐懼的反應(yīng)。當(dāng)我們談?wù)撟屛覀兒ε碌氖虑闀r(shí)，打破相關(guān)的含義可能是有用的。此外，我們的語言如何對(duì)情緒進(jìn)行分類似乎會(huì)影響我們對(duì)這些情緒的看法是消極的還是積極的)”可知，本段說明我們對(duì)恐懼認(rèn)知會(huì)影響我們對(duì)恐懼的反應(yīng)，建議打破其相關(guān)含義，改變對(duì)恐懼的看法，故“Changeourperceptionoffear(改變我們對(duì)恐懼的看法)”是本段內(nèi)容最佳概括。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“Inconclusion,fearissomethingthatcanbechangedbyculturalandlinguisticexperience.(總之，恐懼是可以被文化和語言經(jīng)驗(yàn)改變的)”總結(jié)全文，得出結(jié)論：恐懼是可以被文化和語言經(jīng)驗(yàn)改變的，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Itopensthedoortopotentialwaystochangehowwetalkaboutandreacttoit(它打開了一扇門，讓我們有可能改變我們談?wù)摵蛻?yīng)對(duì)它的方式)”承接上文，說明這一認(rèn)知的作用：讓我們可能改變我們談?wù)摵蛻?yīng)對(duì)恐懼的方式，上下文語意連貫。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共三小節(jié)）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）Lastsummer,ourgroupof16AmericanstudentsreachedtheelephantconservationcampdeepinthejunglesofThailand.Weweretogiveour___21___toelephants’lifelongtrainerscalledmahouts(象夫).Byhelpingthem,we’dtakeoutsomejobsfromtheir___22___schedule.Onmyfirstday___23___withmyelephantYom,Iwasaskedtowearastrange-lookingsuitbyhermahout.Iwasalsoinstructednotto___24___itinanycasesothatmypersonal___25___wouldenterthesuitandstaystrong.Itwasremarkablehow___26___Yomwas.Afteracoupleofdays,Yomflapped(拍)herearsin___27___everytimeshesmelledmecoming.Shereachedoutherlongtrunkandgently___28___mefromtheground.Herflaggingearsactedasa(an)___29___alwaysholdingmylegsagainsthernecktomakesureIdidn’tfalloff.EverymorningIrodeYomtoalaketogiveherabathandthentothe___30___whereYomhadherfillofleaves.NextIrodehertoherdailyactivities.Inanobstacle(障礙)course,Iledherthroughpolesand___31___hertobowherheadandwalkbackwards.Yomwasexceptionally___32___!Shehadhadover48yearsoftrainingatthecamp!Yomperformedthese___33___inshowsfortouriststoraisemoneyforherownupkeep.Timeflewby!Wehadto___34___.Yomsensedit.Shepressedherheadagainstmine,tearswellingup.HowI___35___seeingheragain!21.A.service B.company C.estimation D.guidance22.A.appealing B.reasonable C.tight D.predictable23.A.playing B.competing C.betting D.working24.A.mark B.wash C.unfold