北京市第四十三中學2021屆高三英語上學期1月月考試題

北京市第四十三中學2021屆高三英語上學期1月月考試題北京市第四十三中學2021屆高三英語上學期1月月考試題PAGE 北京市西城區(qū)２０１９－２０２０學年度第一學期期末試卷高三英語第 １０頁）PAGE12北京市第四十三中學2021屆高三英語上學期1月月考試題 北京市西城區(qū)２０１９－２０２０學年度第一學期期末試卷高三英語第 １０頁）北京市第四十三中學2021屆高三英語上學期1月月考試題年級：姓名：北京市第四十三中學2021屆高三英語上學期1月月考試題本試卷共11頁,共100分?考試時長90分鐘?考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上,在試卷上作答無效?第一部分:知識運用(共兩節(jié),45分)第一節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空?在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空?AMostofusclaimwedon’thavetimeforexercise.However,manyexpertssaythatexerciseplaysanimportantroleinmakingourbodyhealthy.Being1(physical)activeoffersmanyadvantages.Asaphysicalreward,exercisecanreduceweightandtheriskofheartdisease.Exercisealso2(bring)goodeffectsmentally.Itcanmakeusfeelrefreshedandhappy,helpingusincreaseourlifequality.Actually,exercisecanbedoneinsimple3(way).Forexample,wecantakethestairsratherthanthelift.Overall,it’shardtofindtimetoexerciseinourbusylives,buteverylittlebithelps.BIt’sapopularbeliefthatfishcan’trememberanything4longerthansevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthattheydon’trememberwhatthey’veeatenorwherethey’vebeen.Butarecentstudy5(find)thatakindoffishcalledAfricancichlidscanremembereventsfromaslongas12daysago.Researcherstrainedthefishtogotoacertainareaoftheirtank6(get)food.Theythenwaitedfor12daysbefore7(put)thembackinthetankagain.Withthehelpofcomputersoftware,theyfoundthefishstillwenttothesameplacewheretheyfirstgotfood.CInApril2017,twogiantpandasfromChinarrivedatazoointheNetherlands.There,they8(welcome)totheChinese?stylecompoundwheretheyweretolive.OnMay30,afterthepreparationswerecomplete,thedayfinallycame9thepandasmettheirfansforthefirsttime.Peoplewereexcitedbecause10zooistheonlyplaceinthecountrywhereitispossibletoseepandas.Infact,thelasttimetherewerepandasintheNetherlandswasin1987.第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,共30分)閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A?B?C?D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑?PamBales,anexperiencedhiker,steppedontosnow?coveredJewellTrail.ThehikeupthelowerpartofJewellwas11.Butlessthananhourlater,theweatherwasshowingitsteeth.Balesbegantothinkaboutcallingitaday.Thenshenoticedsomething:asinglesetof12inthesnowaheadofher.She’dbeen13uncleartracksalldayandhadn’tgiventhemmuch14,becausesomanypeopleclimbJewellTrail.Butthese,asavolunteeroftheValleySearchandRescueTeam,she15,hadbeenmadebyapairofsneakers,whichwassurelynotforthiskindoftrail.Strongwindscreamed,and16wasjusthoursaway.IfBalescontinuedtofollowthetracks,she’dadd17tothejourney.Butthetracksaheadmeantsomeonemightbein18.Shecouldnotletthisgo.Shesilentlyscoldedtheabsenthikerfor19 normalsafetyrulesandstruggledtowalkcarefullyinthedirectionofthe 20.Afterabout20to30yards,sheroundedacornerandsawamansittingmotionless.Heworetennissneakersandalightjacket.Shecheckedhimforanysignof21.Therewasnone.Baleshadbeentrainedinsearchandrescueandknewthathewashypothermic(體溫過低的)andwould22soonifhedidn’tgetoutofthere.Themansaidhehadlosthiswayandwasextremely23.Balesbroughtapairofsoft?shellpants,awinterhat,andajacketfromherpack.Shehelpedtheman24thewarm,drylayersontohisbodyandofferedhimsomehotcocoa.25hestood.Sheofferedcontinuousencouragement—“Keepgoing!You’redoinggreat.”Justbefore6p.m.,theyarrivedatthetrailheadvery26.Herclimbuptothespotwhereshe27themanhadtakenaboutfourhours.Twohourshadpassedsincethen.Aweeklater,thepresidentofBales’rescuegroupreceivedaletterinthemail.Itread:“OnSundayOctober17,Iwentupmytrail,Jewell.28wastobebad.ButwithoutthinkingtoomuchIwasdressedtogoquickly.NextthingIknewthisladywastalkingtome,changingmyclothes,makingmewarmer.Shejustkept29me.Finally,IlearnedhernamewasPam.Theentiretimeshetreatedmewithcompassion(同情心),confidence,andonehundredpercentcommitment…”InthenineyearssinceshesavedJohn,Baleshasbecomesomethingofahikinglegend(傳奇人物).It’sa(n)30sheneversoughtorwanted,butoneshecertainlyhasearned.11.A.long B.boring C.pleasant D.unforgettable12.A.clothes B.tools C.gloves D.footprints13.A.recording B.following C.covering D.leaving14.A.response B.expectation C.thought D.hope15.A.realized B.suggested C.admitted D.remembered16.A.success B.darkness C.freedom D.disaster17.A.information B.interest C.risk D.pain18.A.trouble B.control C.doubt D.touch19.A.knowing B.making C.judging D.breaking20.A.wind B.tracks C.sound D.hikers21.A.power B.life C.injury D.loss22.A.recover B.escape C.wake D.die23.A.cold B.starving C.sleepy D.concerned24.A.pick B.pull C.bring D.carry25.A.Unwillingly B.Nervously C.Immediately D.Slowly26.A.tired B.stressed C.upset D.scared27.A.treated B.observed C.located D.protected28.A.Chance B.Sight C.Health D.Weather29.A.praising B.encouraging C.excusing D.instructing30.A.title B.fortune C.opportunity D.option第二部分:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,共30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A?B?C?D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑?AMostHelpfulAppsforStudentsThere’salmostanappforeverythingnowadays,andthiscanmakestudentlifeeasier,cheaper,saferandmorefun.Whetheryouwanthelpwithtakingnotes,revising,wakingupontimeorkeepingfit,readonforourstudentapppicks.LecturerecordingappsJustafewyearsago,studentsattendinglectureswouldhavetospendtheentiretimewritingwildlyonnotepads,inordernottomissanyvitalbitofinformation.Thenalongcametechnology,andnow,lecturerecordingappsareareality.SoundNoteisapopularlecturerecordingappforiPadusers.Youcanstoreanentirelectureinbothvisualandaudioform.OthergoodqualitylecturerecordingappsincludeNotesPlusandAudioMemosFree—TheVoiceRecorder.StudentplannerappsOrganizationiskeyforsuccessandwell?beingatuniversity,andstudentplannerappsarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Aswellassavingonpaper,manystudentplannerappsalsosendremindersandwarningsstraighttoyourphoneordevice.PopularstudentplannerappsincludeTimetable,MyClassScheduleandClassTimetable.StudentsafetyappsAnumberofappsforstudentshavebeendevelopedpromotingpersonalsafetyifoutaloneatnight.TheCircleofSixappisparticularlyusefulforlocatinglostfriendsonnightsoutandalsoallowsuserstosendtheircircleofsixfriendsaninstantcallforhelpatthetouchofabutton.TheGPStrackerwillmarkyourlocationonyourfriends’devices,ensuringyou’llalwaysbeabletofindoneanotherifnecessary.OtherstudentappsthatpromotesafetyincludebSafeandReactMobile.HealthyeatingappsIfyou’reinterestedineatinghealthilywhilekeepingtoastudentbudget,considerdownloadingafewhealthyeatingapps.ExamplesI’vecomeacrosswhichareperfectappsforstudentsincludeRockinRamen,astudentappfeaturinganumberofnutritiousrecipeswithRamenasamainingredient,andMealBoard,anappwhichplanshealthymeals,groceryshopsandrecipesbasedonwhatyou’vegotinthefridge.31.Whichappssendreminderstousers? A.Studentplannerapps. B.Lecturerecordingapps. C.Studentsafetyapps. D.Healthyeatingapps.32.WhatcanwelearnabouttheCircleofSixapp?A.Itallowsuserstoseekhelpduringanemergency.B.Itencouragesuserstocommunicatewithfriends.C.Itenablesuserstostoreanentirelecture.D.Ithelpsuserstoleadahealthylife.33.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto .A.categorizeapps B.introduceapps C.evaluateapps D.compareappsBJeremyLocke,whoownsaroofingandconstructioncompanyinGlaceBay,NovaScotia,hadalwaysbeenwantingtorepairtheroofofJeanetteMacDonald’shome.Wheneverhedrovepastthewoman’shome,heassumedthattheroofwasunderrepairbecausethejobhadalreadybeentakenonbyanothergroupofrepairmen—butastheweeksworeon,theroofcontinuedtoworsenwithoutanysignsofrepair.“Ihaditinmymindthatifnoonestepsuptohelpthisladyinourcommunity,I’dbemorethanhappyto,”LocketoldCBC.WhenLockefinallyreachedouttoMacDonaldaboutfixingherroofforfree,however,shepolitelydeclinedhisofferbecauseshedidnotliketoacceptcharity.Thatbeingsaid,shehadalreadyappliedforagovernmentgrant(補助金)tofixtheroofandshesaidshewasmorethanhappytohireLockeoncehergrantapplicationwasapproved.Unfortunately,MacDonaldneverreceivedtheapproval.Asthestubborn(固執(zhí)的)CanadianseniorrefusedtoacceptanyassistancefromLocke,thesympatheticconstructionworkerplayedaninnocenttrickinordertogethertoaccepthishelp.HeinvitedMacDonaldtoenteraraffle(抽獎活動)thathisbusinesswasholdingforafreeroof.Afterthegrandmother?of?fouracceptedoneoftheraffletickets,Locketoldherthatshewasthewinner—becauseshewastheonlyonewhohadenteredtheraffle.Thankstohissweetlittleplan,Lockeandhiscrewarestartingworkontheroofthisweek,whichisexpectedtocosthiscompanyabout$9,000.MacDonald,meanwhile,toldCBCthatshedoesn’tknowhowtoexpresshergratitudetoLocke,sayingthatheisher“guardianangel”.“There’snobodyouttherelikehim,”sheadded.34.WhatdidLockedesiretodoforMacDonald? A.Repairherroof. B.Findarepairman. C.Runacharity. D.Raisemoney.35.WhydidMacDonaldrefuseLocke’sofferinitially? A.Shedidn’ttrusthim. B.Shehadwonaraffle. C.Shedidn’tlikefreehelp. D.Shehadgotanofficialgrant.36.HowdidLockefinallymakeMacDonaldchangehermind?A.Hepersuadedhertogiveupherapplication.B.Heinvitedhertoenterhisbusiness.C.Hegaveherabout$9,000.D.Hetoldherawhitelie.37.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeLocke? A.Stubbornandtricky. B.Wealthyandinnocent. C.Determinedandwarm?hearted. D.Differentandambitious.CWhatisthemostmeaninglessthingeveryTexanwilldoatthesametimethisweekend?Youguessedit.Wewill“fallback”whenourclocksaresetbackwardonehourinobservanceofdaylightsavingtime.Thisstrangepracticehasaninterestinghistory.In1784,BenjaminFranklinpublishedacriticalessayinaFrenchnewspapersuggestingthatParisianscouldsave$200millionthrough“theeconomyofusingsunshineinsteadofcandles”.Therefore,manypeopleowetheoriginoftheideaofdaylightsavingtimetoourFoundingFather’swritings.IntheUnitedStates,theclockchangingpracticebeganjustover100yearsago,in1918,whenCongressdecidedtocontroltimebypassingtheStandardTimeActtosaveenergyandcreatetimezones.Backthen,coalwasourtopenergysourceandensuringthatAmericanshadmoredaylightworkinghoursmadesense.In2008,theU.S.DepartmentofEnergyassessedtheeffectofobservingdaylightsavingtimeonnationalenergyconsumption.Itfoundthatresettingourclocksamountstoareductioninourtotalenergyconsumptionof0.02%.Thestudyalsodeterminedthatstickingwithonetimecouldactuallysaveabout0.5%ofelectricityperdaynationwide.Apartfromthis,theriskofheartattackincreases10%inthedaysfollowingspringingforward,mostlikelycausedbytheinterruptionofbiologicalrhythms.Studiesalsoindicatewearemorelikelytogetsick,wearelessproductive,andfranklywearejustexhausteddirectlyfollowingthetimechange.Itishardtoexplainwhywestillchangeourclocks.Perhapsitisduetospecialinterests.CongresspassedtheEnergyActof2005,whichextendedthelengthofdaylightsavingtimeanextraweekinthefall,inlargepartduetoaneffortbycandyproducerstoallowforanadditionaldaylighthouronthenightofHalloweenfortrick?or?treating.ThisMay,wesoughttoendthisancientpractice.ItwouldhaveallowedTexanstovotewhethertostayonstandardtimeyear?roundordaylightsavingtimeyear?round.OurproposalpassedtheHouse(眾議院)133?9.Sadly,oncethebillreachedtheSenate(參議院),itwasneverreferredtoacommittee.TheproposaldiedintheSenatewithoutevenawordspokenaboutitonthefloor.I’mmovingforwardwithplanstofilethelegislation(立法)againin2021.Iurgeyoutocontactyourstatelegislatorstomovethislegislationforwardsothatthisweekendwillbeoneofthelasttimeswehaveto“fallback.”38.Thepossibleoriginoftheideaofdaylightsavingtimeis . A.theancientlegalact B.theinfluenceofothercountries C.theneedfortimezones D.theadvicefromafamouspolitician39.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout? A.Thereasonsforhealthproblems. B.Thedownsidesofsettingclocksback. C.Thechangesinenergyconsumption. D.Thesolutionstoelectricityshortages.40.Itcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat .A.daylightsavingtimewilllastforanothertwoyearsB.theauthorwillcontinuewhathehasbeendoingC.Texansvotedforstandardtimeyear?roundD.statelegislatorsarefortheproposal41.Thepassageaimsto.A.analyzethepracticeofdaylightsavingtimeB.explaintheconsequencesofdaylightsavingtimeC.convincepeopleofthenecessityofdaylightsavingtimeD.persuadepeopletomakeeffortstostopdaylightsavingtimeDAccordingtoanewstudy,teensfocusonrewardsandhaveahardtimelearningtoavoidpunishmentorconsidertheconsequencesofalternativeactions.UniversityCollegeLondonresearcherscomparedhowteensandadultslearntomakechoicesbasedontheavailableinformation.Theytrackedthewayinwhich18volunteersaged12?17and20volunteersaged18?32completedtasksinwhichtheyhadtochoosebetweenabstractsymbols.Eachsymbolwasconsistentlyassociatedwithafixedchanceofareward,punishment,ornooutcome.Asthetrialprogressed,participantslearnedwhichsymbolswerelikelytoleadtoeachoutcomeandadjustedtheirchoicesaccordingly.Teensandadultswereequallygoodatlearningtochoosesymbolsassociatedwithreward,butteenswerelessgoodatavoidingsymbolsassociatedwithpunishment.Adultsalsoperformedsignificantlybetterwhentheyweretoldwhatwouldhavehappenediftheyhadchosentheothersymbolaftereachchoice,whileteensdidnotappeartotakethisinformationintoaccount.“Fromthisexperimentallabstudywecandrawconclusionsaboutlearningduringtheteenyears.Wefindthatteensandadultslearnindifferentways,somethingthatmightberelevanttoeducation,”saidleadauthorDr.StefanoPalminteri.“Unlikeadults,teensarenotsogoodatlearningtoadjusttheirchoicestoavoidpunishment.Thissuggeststhatincentivesystemsbasedonrewardratherthanpunishmentmaybemoreeffectiveforthisagegroup.Additionally,wefoundthatteensdidnotlearnfrombeingshownwhatwouldhavehappenediftheymadealternativechoices.”Tointerprettheresults,theresearchersdevelopedcomputationalmodelsoflearningandransimulations(模擬)applyingthemtotheresultsofthestudy.Thefirstwasasimplemodel,onethatlearnedfromrewards,andthesecondmodeladdedtothisbyalsolearningfromtheoptionthatwasnotchosen.Thethirdmodelwasthemostcompleteandtookthefullcontextintoaccount,withequalweightgiventopunishmentavoidanceandrewardseeking.Forexample,obtainingnooutcomeratherthanlosingapointisweightedequallytogainingapointratherthanhavingnooutcome.Comparingtheexperimentaldatatothemodels,theteamfoundthatteens’behaviorfollowedthesimplereward?basedmodelwhileadults’behaviormatchedthecomplete,contextualmodel.“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetorewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue,”saidseniorauthorDr.Sarah?JayneBlakemore.“Asaresult,itmaybeusefulforparentsandteacherstoframethingsinmorepositiveterms.”42.Itcanbelearnedfromthestudythat.A.adultsmadechoicesfasterthanteensB.adultsunderstoodrewardsbetterthanteensC.teensreactedbettertorewardthanpunishmentD.teenswereawareoftheoutcomeofeachchoice43.Whatdoweknowaboutthethreecomputationalmodels?A.Theyreflectedpeople’sstrongdesireforpunishmentavoidance.B.Theygavecircumstancesdifferentdegreesofconsideration.C.Theypaidequalattentiontorewardandpunishment.D.Theyshapedthebehaviorofpeopleatdifferentages.44.Theunderlinedword“receptive”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans. A.accustomed B.opposed C.sympathetic D.responsive45.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsworksbestforteens?A.“Ifyouinsistondoingthingsinthisway,youwilllosetenpoints.”B.“Ifwehadtalkedaboutthisearlier,youwouldn’thavemadethemistake.”C.“Ifyouhandinyourassignmentaheadoftime,youwillgetanextrabonus.”D.“Ifyouwanttoapproachaproblemdifferently,youcantalktoyourparents.”第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項?選項中有兩項為多余選項?PloggingPloggingisanewwaytojogwhilecleaninguptheplanet.It’sacrazethatbeganinSwedenin2016andthemotivationbehinditincludesreducingtheloadofplasticlitterinourenvironment,aswellaskeepingfitwhilerunning.46Ifyouloveoutdoorexercise,enjoyexercisingwithothers,andcareaboutremovinglitterfromourenvironment,thenthismightjustbethesportforyou.Makegoodpreparationsbeforeplogging.Dresssuitablyfortheenvironmentinwhichyouarerunning.Thiswillvarydependingontheweatherandsurroundings,butthebasicsarecomfortablerunningclothesandclosed?toerunningshoes.Suitableglovesareawiseandusefuladdition,aspickinguplittercanbedangerousinsomesituations.47Thismightbeastandardtrashbag,easytocarryandcapableofcontaininglitterthatmighthavesharpedges.Organizeyourplogginggroup.Ifyou’reluckyenoughtohaveploggersalreadyinyourarea,seekthemout.Joinupandmakenewfriendswithasharedinterest.CheckoutsuchmeetinggroupsatMeetuporaskatalocalsportsstoretofindoutwhatopportunitiesexistwhereyoulive.Ifyoudon’thaveagroup,createone.Usesocialmedia,noticesonbulletinboards,orplacesignsinthewindowsofsportsstorestofindfellowploggers.48Collectsafely.Onekeysuggestionforstayingsafewhilecollectinglitteristoavoidpickingupbrokenglassorsharpitems.Ifyoumustcollectsuchanitem,onlydosowhenyoucanfindaverysafewaytocollectitwithoutharmingyourself.Ifindoubt,leaveitandgetbetterequipmenttoremoveit.49Ifanitemoflitterpresentsapotentialsafetyrisk,trytomarktheitemclearlytoencouragepeopletoavoidit.50Itisawayofcombiningindividualachievementviaexercisewithcommunityandenvironmentalcare.You’repartofthegrowingmovementofpeoplewhoaregivingbacktotheworldatthesametimeashonoringselfcare,asustainableandhealthywaytobalanceyourlife.Thiscouldbeafantasticopportunitytoshowpeoplethatindividualactionmakesabigdifference.A.Takingsomephotosduringtheprocessisalsonecessary.B.Youcanalsoaskforassistancefromthelocalautho