句子成分的劃分解析及練習(xí)

句子成分的劃分英語(yǔ)句子成分：組成句子的各個(gè)部分即句子成分。句子成分包括：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。一、主語(yǔ)（subject）:句子說明的人或事物。1.Thesunrisesintheeast.太陽(yáng)從東方升起。（名詞）2.Helikesdancing.他喜歡跳舞。（代詞）3.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.二十年在歷史中是個(gè)很短的時(shí)間。(數(shù)詞)4.Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。（動(dòng)名詞）5.Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。（不定式）6.Whatheneedsisabook.他所需要的是本書（主語(yǔ)從句）二、謂語(yǔ)（predicate）:說明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。1.WestudyEnglish.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)2.Heisasleep.他睡著了。三、表語(yǔ)（predicative）:表示主語(yǔ)“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，表語(yǔ)前面的動(dòng)詞稱為系動(dòng)詞。1.Heisateacher.他是個(gè)老師（名詞2.Fiveandfiveisten.五加五等于十（數(shù)詞）3.Heisasleep.他睡著了（形容詞）4.Hisfatherisin.他的父親在家（副詞）5.Thepictureisonthewall.畫在墻上。(介詞短語(yǔ))6.Thatsoundsgood那聽起來(lái)很好。7.Tomlooksthin.湯姆看上去很瘦。常見的系動(dòng)詞有:be,sound（聽起來(lái)）,look（看起來(lái)）,feel(摸起來(lái))，smell（聞起來(lái)）,taste（嘗起來(lái)、吃起來(lái)）...四、賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象1.IlikeChina.我喜歡中國(guó)。（名詞）2.Youcanhelpme.你能幫助我。（代詞）3.Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.你們需要多少？我們需要兩個(gè)。（數(shù)詞）4.Ilikeplayingsoccer.我喜歡踢足球。（動(dòng)名詞）5.Iwanttohaveanapple.我想要吃個(gè)蘋果。（不定式）6.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?你寫下他所說的話了嗎？（賓語(yǔ)從句）雙賓語(yǔ)-----間接賓語(yǔ)（指人）和直接賓語(yǔ)（指物）Tom’smotherbuyhimsomebooks.湯姆的媽媽給他買了一些書。五、賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1.Weelectedhimmonitor.我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)（名詞）2.Wewillmakethemhappy.我們將讓他們高興。（形容詞）3.Wefoundnobodyin.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)沒人在里面。(副詞)4.Hisfatherhelphimtodohishomework.他的父親幫他做家庭作業(yè)。（帶to不定式）六、定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。1.HeisaChineseteacher.他是個(gè)語(yǔ)文老師。（名詞）2.Heisourfriend.他是我們的朋友。（代詞）3.Ihavethreebooks.我有三本書。（數(shù)詞）4.Heisagoodstudent.他是個(gè)好學(xué)生。（形容詞）5.Theboyinredismybrother.穿紅衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。(介詞短語(yǔ))七、狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或句子。表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式等。1.Igotoschoolatseveno’clock.我在七點(diǎn)鐘上學(xué)。2.Hereadsthebookintheroom.他在房間里看書。3.Idon’tlikethrillersbecausetheyarescary.我不喜歡恐怖片因?yàn)樗鼈兲珖樔肆?。練?xí)一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.Theapplestastedsweet.14.Henoticedamanentertheroom.15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.二、選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞（10分，10分鐘）①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book(三)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)。①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas”reallyis.(四)挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)。①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(五)挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)。①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.(六)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。①DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.(七)挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)。①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③Hebegan