艾滋病講解英語

演講人：日期：艾滋病講解英語BasicconceptandbackgroundofAIDSClinicalpresentationsanddiagnosticcriteriaPreventivemeasuresandhealtheducationResearchprogressintreatmentmethodsanddrinksSocialsupportandpsychologicalcareSocialImpactandFutureChallenges目錄01BasicconceptandbackgroundofAIDSAIDS,orAcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome,isasevereimmunesystemdisordercausedbythehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)ThisvirusattacksanddestroystheCD4+Tcells,acriticalcomponentoftheimmunesystem,leavingthebodyvulnerabletovariousinfectionsanddiseasesDefinitionAIDSwasfirstrecognizedintheearly1980s,primarilyaffectingmenwhohavesexwithmenintheUnitedStatesSincethen,ithasbecomeaglobalpanel,affectingmillionsofpeopleworldwideHistoricalDevelopmentDefinitionandHistoricalDevelopmentGlobalanddomesticcurrentsituationanalysisAsof2021,anestimated38millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVgloballySubSaharanAfricaisthemostaffectedregion,accountingformorethanhalfofallHIVinfectionsGlobalSituationThenumberofpeoplelivingwithHIVinChinahasbeenincreasinginrecentyears,althoughtheoverallvalidityrateremainslowcomparedtoothercountriesHowever,successivepopulation,suchasmenwhohavesexwithmenandinjectiondrugusers,areathigherriskDomesticSituationTransmissionRoutesHIVisprimarilytransmittedthroughunprotectedsexualcontactwithanaffectedperson,exposedtoaffectedbloodorbloodproducts,andfrommothertochildduringpregnancy,childbirth,orbreakfeeding0102RiskofInfectionTheriskofHIVinfectionvariesdependingonthetypeofexposureForexample,havingunprotectedsexwithmultiplepartnersorsharingneedsforinjectiondrugusesignificantlyincreasestheriskofinfectionHowever,certainactivities,suchaskillingorsharingfoodutensils,poseaminimumriskTransmissionroutesandriskofinfection02ClinicalpresentationsanddiagnosticcriteriaSkinrashesSomepeoplemaydevelopskinrashes,whichcanbeitchyorpainlessSwollenlymphnodesSwellingofthelymphnodes,particularlyintheneck,armpits,orgroin,mayoccurFlulikesymbolsFatigue,foe,somethrust,headache,andmuscleachesarecommonearlysymbolsofAIDSEarlysymbolsandsignsProgressiveclinicalpresentationsPersistentfeverandnightsweatsAsthediseaseprogresses,patientsmayexperiencepersistentfeverandnightsweatsWeightlossUnexplainedweightlossisacommonsymptominpeoplewithAIDSChronicdiarraChronicdiarramayoccurduetoopportunisticinfectionsorothercomplicationsCurrentinfectionsPeoplewithAIDSaremorepronetorecurrentinfections,suchaspneumonia,tuberculosis,andfungalinfectionsDiagnosticcriteriaThediagnosisofAIDSisbasedonacombinationofclinicalpresentations,laboratorytests,andahistoryofexposuretothevirusApositiveHIVantibodytestiscurrentlyrequiredforconfirmationDifferentialdiagnosisDifferentialdiagnosisshouldbeconsideredforotherconditionsthatmaycausesimilarsymptoms,suchasotherinfectiousdiseases,autoimmunediseases,andmalignanciesItisimportanttoruleoutthesepossibilitiesthroughappropriatetestingandevaluationDiagnosticcriteriaanddifferentialdiagnosis03PreventivemeasuresandhealtheducationAvoidedunprotectedsexUnprotectedsexisthemainrouteofHIVtransmissionTherefore,itisnecessarytoavoidhavingsexwithoutacommonorotherbarriermethodsCorrectandconsistentuseofconditionsConditionscaneffectivelyreducetheriskofHIVtransmissionItisimportanttousecommonscorrectlyandconsistentlyduringsexualintercourcesReducethenumberofsexualpartnersReducingthenumberofsexualpartnerscanreducetheriskofexposuretoHIVAvoidhighriskbehaviorsandconsistentuseSafetysupervisionofbloodproductsUnnecessarybloodtransfersandinjectionscanincreasetheriskofHIVtransmissionTherefore,itisnecessarytoavoidthemasmuchaspossibleAvoidunnecessarybloodtransfersandinjectionsAllblooddonorsshouldgounderstrictscreeningtoensurethattheyarenotaffectedwithHIVStrictscreeningofblooddonorsItisnecessarytousebloodproductsthathaveundergroundstricttestingandprocessingtoensuretheirsafetyUseofsafebloodproductsPregnantwomenshouldreceiveprenaturalcareandtestingtoensurethattheyarenotaffectedwithHIVIftheyareaffected,theyshouldreceiveappropriatetreatmenttoreducetheriskofmothertochildtransmissionIfthemotherisinfectedwithHIV,itisrecommendedtouseformulamilkinsteadofbreadfeedingtoavoidtransmittingthevirustothebabythroughbreadmilkChildrenshouldreceiveappropriateprotectionandeducationtopreventthemfrombeingaffectedwithHIVThisincludesprovidingthemwithsafelivingenvironments,avoidingexposuretohighriskbehaviors,andteachingthemaboutHIVpreventionknowledgePrenaturalcareandtestingInfantfeedingoptionsChildprotectionandeducationMaterialandInfantBlockadeandChildProtection04ResearchprogressintreatmentmethodsanddrinksCombinationantiviraltherapy(cART)TheuseofmultipleantiviraldrugstosuppressHIVreplicationandreducetheriskofdrugresistanceEntryinhibitorsDrugsthatblockHIV'sabilitytoenterhostcells,suchasCCR5inhibitorsandfusioninhibitorsIntegrateinhibitorsDrugsthatpreventHIV'sgeneticmaterialfromintegratingintothehostcell'sDNAAntiviraltreatmentstrategiesImmuneregulationandopportunisticinfectionmanagementOngoingeffortstodevelopavaccinethatcanpreventHIVinfectionorreducetheseverityofthediseaseVaccineresearchStrategiestorestoreorimproveimmunefunctioninHIVaffectedindividuals,includingtheuseofimmunemodulesImmunereconstructionGuidelinesforthediagnosis,prevention,andtreatmentofinfectionsthatcommonlyoccurinpeoplewithHIVPreventionandtreatmentofopportunisticinfectionsRegularlaboratorytestingPeriodicbloodteststomonitorfordrugtoxicity,liverandkidneyfunction,andotherpotentialsideeffectsAdaptationtomedicineStrategiestoimprovepatientadhesiontoantiviraltherapy,includingsimplifieddrugregimensandpatienteducationManagementofdruginteractionsGuidanceonhowtoavoidormanagepotentialinteractionsbetweenantiviraldrugsandothertreatmentsMonitoringofdrugsideeffects05Socialsupportandpsychologicalcare123AdvocatingforantidiscriminationlawsandpoliciestoprotectpeoplelivingwithAIDSfromstigmaanddiscriminationPromotingequalparticipationinsocietythrougheducation,employment,andsocialactivitiesEncouragingopendialogueandunderstandingaboutAIDStoreducefearandmisconceptionsEliminatingdiscriminationandpromotingequalparticipationOfferingpsychologicalcounselingandsupportgroupstohelppeoplelivewithAIDSscopewithemotionalandmentalhealthchallengesProvidingrehabilitationservices,includingmedicalcare,physicaltherapy,andoccupationaltherapy,tohelppeoplelivewithAIDSmaintainingtheirhealthandqualityoflifeEstablishingreferralsystemstoconnectpeoplelivingwithAIDStoappropriateresourcesandservicesProvidepsychologicalassistanceandrehabilitationservices要點(diǎn)三FamiliesProvidingemotionalandpracticalsupporttolovedoneslivingwithAIDS,includingcaregiving,financialassistance,andadvocacy0102CommunitiesCreatinginclusiveandsupportiveenvironmentsforpeoplelivingwithAIDSthroughcommunitybasedorganizations,truthbasedgroups,andothersocialnetworksGovernmentsImplementingpoliciesandprogramstoaddresstheneedsofpeoplelivingwithAIDS,includingaccesstohealthcare,socialwelfarebenefits,andlegalprotections03Therolesoffamily,community,andgovernment06SocialImpactandFutureChallenges010203IncreasedburdenonhealthcareresourcesAIDSpatientsrequirelongtermtreatmentandcare,whichcantrainhealthcaresystems,specificallyinresourcelimitedsettingsPrioritysettingandresourceallocationAIDSoftencompeteswithotherhealthprioritiesforfundingandresources,leadingtodifferentialdecisionsaboutwhichhealthissuestoprioritizeImpactonhealthcareworkersTheincreasedworkloadandemotionaltollofcareforAIDSpatientscanaffectthewellbeingandproductivityofhealthcareworkersImpactonthepublichealthsystemLossoflaborforceAIDScanleadtotheprecisiondeathofworkingageoutcomes,resultinginalossoflaborforceandeconomicproductivityIncreasedcostofhealthcareThecostoftreatmenta