2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld突破語(yǔ)法大沖關(guān)學(xué)案含解析牛津譯林版必修第三冊(cè)

PAGEUnit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)[視察例句]寫出下列句中動(dòng)詞-ed形式的作用①Weshoulddrinkboiledwater.前置定語(yǔ)②Awaterandsoilconservationprojectsetupin1989resultedinfarmersreplacingtheircropswithtreesorgrass.后置定語(yǔ)③Seenfromthemoon，theearth，withwatercoveringabout70%ofitssurface，appearstobeablueball.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)④Frightenedbythethunderandlightninginthenight，thegirldidnotdaretosleepaloneinherroom.緣由狀語(yǔ)⑤Givenanotherchance，hewilldoitbetter.條件狀語(yǔ)⑥Theboysatatthetableburiedinhishomework.伴隨狀語(yǔ)⑦Weneedtogetthemachinerepairedatonceaswewanttouseitinourexperimenttomorrow.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)⑧Withalltheworkdone，wewenttoplaybasketball.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)[歸納用法]一、作定語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式通常表示被動(dòng)和完成意義；不及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式僅僅表示完成。1．前置定語(yǔ)：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)的動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。Heisarespectedteacherinourschool.在我們學(xué)校他是一位受敬重的老師。2．后置定語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞的-ed形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)通常要置于被修飾的名詞之后。Thisisaletterwritteninblueink.這是一封用藍(lán)墨水寫的信。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)假如被修飾詞是由some/any/no＋thing/body/one構(gòu)成的不定代詞或指示代詞those等時(shí)，即使是單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語(yǔ)，也要放在被修飾詞之后。ThereisalmostnothingchangedsinceIleftthetowntwoyearsago.自從我兩年前離開這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)以來(lái)，幾乎沒有什么變更。(2)有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)還可將單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞的-ed形式置于被修飾的名詞之后。Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他們確定變更所用的材料。(3)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式及其短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般均可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Theexperiencegained(＝which/thathasbeengained)willbeofgreatvaluetous.獲得的閱歷將對(duì)我們很有價(jià)值。Thesuggestionsenttothecommittee(＝which/thathadbeensenttothecommittee)wasadopted.呈送給委員會(huì)的建議被接受了。[即學(xué)即練1]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Becauseofpollution，thecaught(catch)fishwerenotfittoeat.②Jimhasretired，buthestillremembersthehappytimespent(spend)withhisstudents.③Thebook,written(write)byLuXun，ispopularwithmanyChinesepeople.④Doyouremembertheproblemsdiscussed(discuss)atthelastmeeting?二、作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、緣由、條件等，有時(shí)可帶有連詞。1．作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Whenofferedhelp，oneoftensays“Thankyou”or“It'skindofyou”．當(dāng)被供應(yīng)幫助時(shí)，人們常說(shuō)“感謝你”或“你真好”。2．作緣由狀語(yǔ)。Praisedinclass，Annefelthappy.在課堂上受到了表?yè)P(yáng)，安妮感到興奮。3．作條件狀語(yǔ)。Iftakenaccordingtothedirections，thedrughasnosideeffects.假如根據(jù)說(shuō)明服用，這種藥沒有副作用。4．作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。Theteachercameintothelab，followedbysomestudents.老師進(jìn)了試驗(yàn)室，后面跟著一些學(xué)生。[名師點(diǎn)津]動(dòng)詞-ed形式作時(shí)間、緣由和條件狀語(yǔ)時(shí)均可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。[即學(xué)即練2]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Raised(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow，hehadalong，hardroadtobecomeafootballstar.②Approached(approach)inthisway，yourfriendshipwillsoonberepaired.③Theladyreturnedhome,followed(follow)byHolmes.三、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)的多是及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)，與賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，前面的賓語(yǔ)就是其邏輯主語(yǔ)。1．以下兩類動(dòng)詞后可接動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)：(1)表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice，think等。①IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我聽到有人用英語(yǔ)唱過(guò)這首歌。②Hefoundhispurselost.他發(fā)覺他的錢包丟了。(2)表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞。如：have，make，get等。③I'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理發(fā)。④Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。2．動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)表示的意義。(1)表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，其動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作。如例句②，lost表示的動(dòng)作明顯先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞found。(2)表示的動(dòng)作肯定和賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如例句③及④中cutmyhair和pullouthistooth是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。[名師點(diǎn)津]1.使役動(dòng)詞have接動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)，還有兩種狀況：(1)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成。Hehadhismoneystolen.他的錢被偷了。(被別人偷去了)(2)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式表示句子主語(yǔ)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿斷了。(句子主語(yǔ)的經(jīng)驗(yàn))2．在with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中也可用動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)。Withthissumadded，wewillhaveenoughmoneyforthetrip.假如加上這筆金額，我們這次旅行的錢就夠了。[即學(xué)即練3]完成句子①村民們那時(shí)種了許多樹。Thevillagershadmanytreesplantedthen.②無(wú)論多累，我必需把這份工作干完HowevertiredIam，Imustgettheworkfinished．③她依舊不能用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)出自己的意思。Shestillcouldn'tmakeherselfunderstoodinEnglish.④她望見小偷被警察抓住了。Shesawthethiefcaughtbypolicemen.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Themanstoodoutsidethehousesilently,moved(move)totears.2．Caught(catch)inaheavyrain，thenewmanagermissedtheimportantmeeting.3．Attracted(attract)byaparticulararticleinamagazine，sheboughtit.4．Thespeakeraskedthemtofindtheballoonsthathadtheirnamewritten(write)onwithinfiveminutes.5．Hefelthiscollarpulled(pull)bysomeonefrombehind.6．Founded(found)onloveandmutualrespect，theirmarriageisahappyone.7．Itisalargecitysurrounded(surround)bymountainsandtheclimateisnice.8．Influenced(influence)mainlybyJoy，mostofRiley'smemoriesarehappyones.9．Theseinterestswereincreasedwithmoretimespent(spend)inthedesertsofArizona.10．Prevented(prevent)fromplayingherroleinRiley'semotionaldevelopment，Sadnessfeelsannoyed.Ⅱ.短文語(yǔ)法填空Tony：Ifmypetdies，Iwon'tcloneit.Evenifthe1.cloned(clone)petlooksthesameastheoriginalone，itwon'tbehaveinthesameway.Besides，itwon'trememberme.Ithinkcloning2.done(do)byscientistsisdangerous.Theproblems3.created(create)bycloningwillsoonbecomeclear.Ithinkweshouldbecautiousandusegoodjudgmentwhen4.making(make)decisionsaboutcloning.Wewon'twantbeasts5.produced(produce)byscientiststoreplaceusoneday.Brian：Ithinkcloningpetsisagreatidea.Ifeelso6.excited(excite).Familieswithpetsoftenbecome7.disappointed(disappoint)whentheirpetsdie.Withcloning，ifyourpetdies，youcanhave