2024-2025學年新教材高中英語UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS教學知識細解碼學案含解析新人教版必修第一冊

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS1．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難度過→survivorn．生還者；生還者→survivaln．幸存；生存；幸存事物2．deadadj.無生命的→dievi.死；死亡→deathn．死；死亡3．shockn．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚→shockingadj.令人震驚的→shockedadj.感到震驚的4．breathn．呼吸→breathevi.&vt.呼吸5．revivevt.&vi.復活；(使)醒悟→revivaln6．unifyvi.&vt.統(tǒng)一；(使)成一體→unitevi.&vt.團結7．suffervt.遭遇；蒙受vi.(因疾病、苦痛、哀痛等)受苦→sufferingn．熬煎；苦難1．a(chǎn)ffectvt.影響；深深打動；(疾病)侵襲①FromtheexperienceIlearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercanaffectthemembersofateam.影響②Shewasaffectedbythesadstory.深深打動③Influenza(流感)canaffectanybodyinanyagegroup.侵襲2．sheltern．避難處；居所；庇護vt.愛護；掩蔽vi.躲避(風雨或危急)①Treesshelterthehousefromthewind.愛護②Wesatintheshade，shelteringfromthesun.躲避③Theyliveintheshelterssetupbythegovernment.避難所3．waven．海浪；波浪；涌現(xiàn)的(或事物)vi.&vt.揮手；左右搖擺；招手①Deewatchedthewavesbreakingontherocks.海浪②Tommywavedtousashecameacrossthefield.揮手③Anewwaveoffashionscame.涌現(xiàn)的人(或事物)WordsandPhrases學問要點1rescuen．&vt.救援；營救(教材P48)Whataretherescueworkersandsoldiersdoingintheflood-hitarea?救援人員和士兵在洪水災區(qū)做什么？[例1]Thepolicecametohisrescueandsenthimhome.警察救了他，并把他送回了家。[例2]Alargenumberofsoldiersweresenttheretorescuethosetrappedinthebuilding.大批士兵被派往那里營救被困在大樓里的人。[學問拓展](1)rescuesb./sth.from... 把……從……營救出來(2)cometoone'srescue 來營救某人arescueteam 救援隊[即學即練]單句語法填空①Atmidnightwefinallyrescued(rescue)thetouristswhoweretrappedinthevalley.②Thefirefightersrescuedfivechildrenfromtheburninghouseyesterday.③Themother,alongwithhertwochildren,was_rescued(rescue)fromthesinkingboat.[小片段填空]Assoonastheaccidenthappened，therescueteamcametothevictims'rescue，andtheydidn'tgiveupanyhopeofrescuingthemfromdanger.(rescue)學問要點2damagevt.損害；破壞n．損壞；損失(教材P48)WhichbuildingsweredamagedinSeoul?首爾哪些建筑被毀？[例1]Don'tdamageyourhealthforagoodfigure.不要為了好身材而損害你的健康。[例2]Thiscouldcauseseriousdamagetothecountry'seconomy.這可能對國家的經(jīng)濟造成嚴峻破壞。[學問拓展](1)do/causedamageto 給……帶來/造成毀壞(2)bebadlydamaged 遭遇嚴峻損害damageone'shealth 損害某人的健康[即學即練]完成句子/一句多譯①Itcaused/did_damage_totheincomeofthelocalfarmers.它給當?shù)剞r(nóng)夫的收入造成了損失。②Theymanagedtorepairthehousesthatwere_badly_damaged.他們盡力修復嚴峻受損的房屋。③眾所周知，抽煙會損害我們的健康。a．Asweallknow，smokingcando/cause_damage_to_our_health.(damagen．)b．Itiswellknownthatsmokingcandamage_our_health.(damagevt.)學問要點3ruinn．&vt.破壞；毀壞(教材P50)Inlessthanoneminute，alargecitylayinruins.在不到一分鐘的時間里，一座大城市就淪為了廢墟。[例1]Thatmistakeruinedhischanceofgettingthejob.那個錯誤使他失去了得到那份工作的機會。[例2]Theancienttemplehasfallenintoruinsandneedsrepairing.這座古老的廟宇已經(jīng)破敗不堪，須要修理。[學問拓展](1)be/lieinruins 成為廢墟；毀滅fallintoruins 成為廢墟；毀滅(2)ruinone'shope/chance 使某人的希望破滅/機會失去ruinoneself 自我毀滅[即學即練]單句語法填空①Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined(ruin)”it，nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.②WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighbourhoodinruins(ruin)．③Atthattimemywifewas_ruining(ruin)herhealththroughworry.學問要點4shockn．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(教材P50)Peoplewereinshock—andthen，laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.人們都很震驚——然后，當天下午晚些時候，又一場大地震再次侵襲了唐山。[例1]Itwasquiteashocktoseemyfaceonthatscreen!從那個屏幕上看到我的臉，真讓人驚愕不已！[例2]Itshockedmetoseehowmyneighbourstreatedtheirchildren.我鄰居對待他們孩子的方式讓我很是震驚。[學問拓展](1)inshock 震驚；驚訝beashockto... 使……驚訝(2)shockedadj. 震驚的；驚異的beshockedat/by 對……驚訝beshockedtodosth. 做某事很驚訝(3)shockingadj. 令人震驚的[即學即練]單句語法填空①Thegirlwastooshocked(shock)todescribewhathadhappenedbeforethevolcanoerupted.②WhatIknowisthatalmost10,000peoplelosttheirlivesinthefloodslastyear.It'sreallyshocking(shock)．③EverystaffwasinshockwhenhearingtheywouldtakeatestonSundayinsteadofhavingapicnic.④ThenewsofthefamouswriterZhaLiangyong'sdeathcameasagreatshocktoeveryone.[小片段助記]Wewereallshockedattheshockingnewsthathewasstillinastateofshockaftertheaccident.However，whenhefinallycametohimselfhelookedatusinshock，knowingnothingabouttheaccident.學問要點5(教材P50)Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.地震后不久，部隊派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。(1)trapvt.使落入險境；使陷入圈套n．險境；陷阱[例1]Ifyouchoosethisway，you'relikelytofallintoatrap.假如你選擇這條路，你很有可能會陷入圈套。[例2]Thecarwastrappedinthedeepsnow.汽車陷入了厚厚的積雪中。[學問拓展](1)betrapped 使陷入逆境trapo(doing)sth. 誘騙某人做某事(2)setatrap 設置陷阱；布下圈套fall/walkintoatrap 落入圈套[即學即練]寫出下列句子中trap的詞性及含義①Thepolicetrappedthethiefintoasituationwherehecouldnotescape.vt.使陷入圈套，使中計②Thefarmersetseveraltrapsformiceinthebarn(谷倉)．n.(捕獲動物的)陷阱，圈套③Jack'sfellowworkersoftenturntohimforhelpwhentheyaretrappedintroublebecauseheisafountain(源泉)ofideas.vt.使陷入逆境[小片段填空]Thehuntersetatrapandtherabbitwastrappedinit.(trap)(2)buryvt.埋藏；掩埋；隱藏[例1]Pinesquirrelssnackonthenutsandburythemonebyoneinshelteredhollows.松鼠愛吃堅果，并把它們逐個埋藏在隱藏的樹洞里。[例2]Inthepastthreeweeks，wehavebeenburyingourselvesinstudybecausetheexamisdrawingnear.在過去的三個星期里，我們用心地學習，因為考試即將到來。[學問拓展](1)bury...in...把……埋到……里；使……沉醉于……buryone'sfaceinhands 雙手掩面(2)beburiedin 埋頭于；用心于；沉醉于buryoneselfin 埋頭于；用心于；沉醉于[即學即練]一句多譯①他用心致志地學習。a．He_buries/buried_himself_in_his_study.(buryoneself)b．He_is/was_buried_in_his_study.(beburiedin)②由于埋頭讀書，他不知道外面下雨了。a．Burying_himself_in_the_book，hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.(運用現(xiàn)在分詞burying作狀語)b．Buried_in_the_book，hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.(運用過去分詞buried作狀語)學問要點6effortn．努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力(教材P50)Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity'speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.在政府的大力支持和人民堅持不懈的努力下，新的唐山從一片地震廢墟中屹然崛起。[例1]AsfarasI'mconcerned，youshouldmakeagreaterefforttostudyhard.依我看來，你應當更加努力學習。[例2]It'salongclimbtothetop，butwellworththeeffort.爬到山頂須要很長時間，雖然費勁卻很值得。[學問拓展]sparenoefforttodosth. 不遺余力地做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(makeanefforttodosth.,makegreateffortstodosth.)) 努力做某事[即學即練]一句多譯我們將全力以赴幫助你，但你必需做好迎接各種困難的打算。a．We'llmake_every_effort_to_helpyou，butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.b．We'llspare_no_effort_to_helpyou，butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.c．We'llmake_great_efforts_to_helpyou，butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.學問要點7suffervt.遭遇；蒙受vi.(因疾病、苦痛、哀痛等)受苦(教材P51)Whatkindofhelpdoyouthinkpeoplewhohavesufferedanearthquakeneed?你認為地震災民須要什么樣的幫助？[例1]Therewasagirlstudentinhisclasswhosufferedfromaseriousbackdisease.在他班里有一位女學生患有嚴峻的背部疾病。[例2]Hesufferedgreatpainsasaresultoftheaccident.由于那次事故，他遭遇了很大苦痛。[學問拓展](1)sufferfrom 患……??；因……而受苦sufferfromcoldandhunger 忍饑挨凍(2)sufferingn. 苦難；苦痛sufferern. 受難者[明辨異同]sufferfrom/suffersufferfrom表示“遭遇斗爭、自然災難所帶來的苦難”及“患病”，后跟awar，theflood，cough，headache，flu等。suffer其賓語通常是表示損失、失敗、苦痛等抽象意義的詞，如pain，loss，punishment，disappointment等。[即學即練]用suffer，sufferfrom填空/完成句子①I'msuffering_fromareallackoftimethisweek.②Theysufferedhugelossesinthefinancialcrisis.③Fortunatelyhesuffered_no_pain.幸好他沒感到難受。④Hesuffered_fromallkindsofdiseasesinthoseyears.那些年他身患各種各樣的疾病。[小片段填空]Theoldmanhassufferedalotthroughouthislife.Hesufferedfromwarandhungerwhenhewasyoung.Lastmonth,hisson'sdeathbroughthimmoresufferings.Now,withthehelpofhisneighboursandthegovernment,hislifebeginstoturnforthebetter.(suffer)SentencePatterns重點句式1too...to...太……不……(教材P50)Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.雞，甚至豬都驚慌得吃不下東西，狗也不情愿進圈舍里。[句式分析]本句是一個并列句。在第一個分句中，句子的主語是Chickensandevenpigs，動詞不定式短語toeat作結果狀語。[例1]Iwastooyoungtounderstandthemeaningofthefilm.＝IwassoyoungthatIcan'tunderstandthemeaningofthefilm.我年齡太小，還不能理解這部電影的含義。[例2]Theproblemistoodifficultformetosettle.＝TheproblemissodifficultthatIcan'tsettleit.這個問題太難了，我解決不了。[學問拓展](1)too＋adj./adv.(forsb.)todosth....意為“太……而不能……”，表示否定意義；too后接形容詞或副詞，to是動詞不定式符號，后接動詞原形，動詞不定式表示否定意義。(2)too...to...結構表示確定意義的狀況：①當too之后跟的是表示主語的看法、情感、心情或傾向的詞，如glad，eager，anxious，happy，ready，nervous，pleased等時；②當“too...to...”結構中含有not或never等否定詞時；③當too前有only，just，simply，all，but等詞時。[即學即練]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換/完成句子①Thehouseisnotcheapenoughformetobuy.→Thehouseistoo_expensive_for_me_to_buy.→Thehouseisso_expensive_that_I_can't_buy.②Hearingthenews，theteacherwassohappy.→Theteacherwastoo_happy_to_hearthenews.③Heistoo_clever_not_to_understand_this.他太聰慧，不會不明白這一點。④Wearetoo_ready_to_help_you.我們很樂意幫助你。重點句式2asif/asthough仿佛；似乎(教材P50)Itseemedas_iftheworldwerecomingtoanend!仿佛世界末日即將來臨！[句式分析]1Itseemedasif...這是一個含有表語從句的主從復合句。2asif＝asthough意為“仿佛；似乎”，引導的從句，常放在be，look，seem，sound，smell，feel等系動詞之后作表語。[例1]Lookatthecloudsinthesky！Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看看天上的烏云！看起來將要下雨。[例2]Hurryup！Itlooksasifthetrainisgoingtomove.快點！看起來火車要開了。[學問拓展](1)asif從句用陳述語氣：從句表示的狀況是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生的；(2)asif從句用虛擬語氣：①從句用一般過去時(與現(xiàn)在的事實相反)；②從句用過去完成時(與過去的事實相反)；③從句用would/could/mightdo形式(與將來的事實相反)。[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①HetreatsmeasifIwere(be)hisowndaughter.②Theytalkedasif/thoughtheyhad_been(be)friendsforyears.③Itseemsas_if_the_noise_comes_from_downstairs.噪聲似乎是從樓下傳來的。④HetalksaboutRomeas_if_he_had__been_therebefore.他說起羅馬來似乎他以前去過那里似的。(與過去事實相反)⑤Itseemsas_if_our_team_is_going_to_win.看來我們隊要勝了。1．Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity，oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.[分析]本句主句為：one_of_the_most_deadly_earthquakes_of_the_20th_century_had_begun，thatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing為定語從句修飾先行詞aquake，aquake與oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcentury是同位語。[譯文]在城市正下方11千米處，20世紀最致命的一場地震爆發(fā)了，就連150千米以外的北京也遭遇了此次地震帶來的損害。2．Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.[分析]本句主句為：the_army_sent_150,000_soldiers_to_Tangshan;_todigout...andtoburythedead為動詞不定式作目的狀語；whoweretrapped為定語從句修飾先行詞those。[譯文]地震后不久，部隊派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。教材高考1.2,400homesdestroyedIt'sdestroyingtheenvironment.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)2.82killed,500,000affectedAthletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.(2024·江蘇卷)3.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity'speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled...(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)4.However，dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.Oncethebookyou'verequestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch，theywillinformyoubye-mail，soyoucanpickitup.(2024·天津卷)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thisisoneoftheworstnaturaldisasters(disaster)evertohitthearea.2．Theoldmanwentthroughalotofsufferings(suffer)intheolddays.3．Trapped(trap)intheruins，thegirlstillheldapositiveattitude.4．Thoughthesoldiershavebeenworkingforfifteenhours，theycarryonlookingforsurvivors(survive)undertheruins.5．Thenoiseistooloudto_stand(stand),soshecan'tlivehereanylonger.6．Theletterwascorrectlyaddressed，butdelivered(deliver)tothewronghouse.7．Allthelistenersweregreatlyshocked(shock)whentheyheardtheterriblenewsonradio.8．Buried(bury)undertheruins，thelittlegirlwasratherfrightened.9．WhatIlearnabouttheviolenceisthatithascausedatleastthreedeaths(die)．10．Anewstudyshowsthatpeopleare_affected(affect)todifferentextentsbywhattheyseeontelevision.Ⅱ.短語填空thinkof,asif，lookup,asusual,sufferfrom，inruins,setup，digout，inshock，gothrough1．Let'sthink_ofsomequestionsaboutlife.2．Theyset_upschools，factoriesandhospitalsinthispoorarea.3．Weallknowthatwecan'tliveas_usualwithoutgoodhealth.4．Ifyoucan'tkeephealthy，youwilloftensuffer_fro