2022版高考英語一輪復習-33-人類生存社會發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關系課時提能練

2022版高考英語一輪復習33人類生存、社會發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關系課時提能練2022版高考英語一輪復習33人類生存、社會發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關系課時提能練PAGE2022版高考英語一輪復習33人類生存、社會發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關系課時提能練2022版高考英語一輪復習33人類生存、社會發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關系課時提能練年級：姓名：課時提能練(三十三)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·湖北華師一附中4月調研，C)IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica—andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks，theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroysters,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste，asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin—thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin2017.Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeck,anengineeringprofessoroftheUniversityofGeorgia，caughteveryone'sattentionwitharoughestimate：between5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的)animalseveryyear.Nearly700species，includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplastics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.“Thisisn'taproblemthatwedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis，”saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage.“Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle.It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystemsideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.”【語篇解讀】本文為說明文，主題語境是人與自然。文章主要介紹了如今塑料垃圾已經嚴重地污染了我們的環(huán)境，尤其是海洋環(huán)境，人類應該采取措施改變這一現狀。1．WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinParagraph1?A．Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.B．Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.C．TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.D．Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.D[推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday，waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroysters，andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.”可知，作者在第一段中提到Pilgrims是為了表明塑料垃圾對海洋有持久的影響。故選D項。]2．What'sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?A．Lackingprotection.B．Beingstuckbyplastics.C．Beingcaughtbyhumans.D．Treatingplasticsasfood.D[細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中“Marinespeciesofallsizes，fromzooplanktontowhales，noweatmicroplastics，thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.”可知，海洋動物面臨的主要問題是把塑料當作食物。故選D項。]3．WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A．Somepeopledon'tknowthesolutiontoplasticwaste.B．Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.C．It'stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.D．Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.C[推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystemsideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.”可知，TedSiegler想告訴我們是采取措施處理塑料垃圾的時候了。故選C項。]4．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook.B．Atravelbrochure.C．Anenvironmentalreport.D．Alifestylemagazine.C[推理判斷題。文章主要是關于海洋垃圾和海洋生物保護的，由此可推知這篇文章可能來自一份環(huán)境報告。故選C項。]B(2020·河北5月模擬，C)Onarecentday,KatieBaldwintookabreakfromworktotalkaboutmovingfromawealthyneighborhoodnearNewYorkCitytoanorganicfarmonLongIsland.“FarmingforwhereIgrewupwasaveryunusualcareerchoice，”saidthe32-year-oldAmerican，“buteverybodybelongstothelandintheirownway.Noneofusshouldfeelseparatefromit.”KatiewasraisedinanuppermiddleclasstownoutsideNewYork，wheremostpeopleneverthoughtaboutworkingonafarm.Today,Katiegrowspotatoes,wheatandothercropsatQuailHill,apropertyinAmagansett,NewYork.IntheUnitedStates,organicfarmingisagrowingindustry.Womenoperatesomeofthebest-knownorganicfarmsonLongIsland.Womenmakeupalittlemorethan37percentofallorganicfarmersnationwide.ThatinformationcomesfromtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA).Expertspredictwomen'sshareinfarmingislikelytocontinuetogrow.“Thenewyoungfarmerschooseorganicfarmingwiththeirdesiretohaveaninfluenceonsociety，”Katieandseveralfarmerssaid.Shesaid,“Theyarechoosingittoprotectnaturalresourcesforfuturegenerations,tofightclimatechange,tofeedtheircommunityongoodandhealthyfood.”“NewYorkhasabout1,000certifiedorganicfarms，makingitthethirdlargestinthecountry,andCaliforniaandWisconsinarethefirstandsecond，”theUSDAsays.Thesefarmsmakeupnearlyfourpercentofthestate'sfarmland，comparedwithanationalaverageofaround0.6percent.Althoughorganicfarmingisgrowingquickly,itcomeswithhighlaborcostsandsometimessmallerharveststhancommercialfarming.Soitcanbeadifficultbusinessfornewfarmers.“WhenIlooknowatthestartingofthefarm,itseemsreallyaudacious，”KatieBaldwinsaid.“Butinthatenvironmentsin2008,everybodyhadlosttheirjobsandthereweren'tjobs.So，itdidn'tfeelstrangetostartsomething，”shesaid.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文，主題語境是人與社會。文章介紹了在紐約，為了促進社會發(fā)展，越來越多的年輕人開始從事有機農業(yè)生產。5．WhatdoesKatiethinkofworkingattheorganicfarm?A．It'sunacceptable. B．It'sworthwhile.C．It'sunforgettable. D．It'schallenging.B[推理判斷題。根據第一段可知，Katie認為，在自己長大的地方經營有機農業(yè)是一種不同尋常的職業(yè)選擇。由此可推知，Katie認為在有機農場工作是值得的，故選B項。]6．Whydotheyoungpeoplewanttoworkasfarmers?A．Tofindasuitablejob.B．Toearnhealthyfood.C．Tostopclimatechange.D．Tohelpthesocietydevelop.D[細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段可知，那些年輕人選擇從事有機農業(yè)生產，是為了給社會帶來一些影響，即為了促進社會發(fā)展。故選擇D項。]7．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“audacious”inthelastparagraph?A．hopeful B．dangerousC．daring D．reasonableC[詞義猜測題。根據畫線單詞前面的描述可知，有機農業(yè)對于新型農民來說是一件艱難的事情，所以能夠開始就是敢于冒險。故選C。]8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Americanwomenaregoodatorganicfarming.B．Organicfarmingwillbecomeagoodemployment.C．ManyAmericancommunitieslackabundantfood.D．Startingorganicfarmingneedscarefulconsideration.D[推理判斷題。根據最后一段前兩句可知，有機農業(yè)存在著投入高、低回報的風險。因此，年輕人在開始選擇這個行業(yè)時應深思熟慮。故選D項。]Ⅱ.完形填空(浙江紹興柯橋區(qū)2021屆高三模擬)Everyoneinbusinesshasbeentoldthatsuccessisallaboutattractingandretaining(留住)customers.Itsoundssimpleandachievable.But,1，wordsofwisdomaresoonforgotten.Oncecompanieshaveattractedcustomerstheyoften2thesecondhalfofthestory.Intheexcitementofbeatingoffthecompetition,negotiatingprices,securingorders,anddeliveringtheproduct,managerstendtobecome3.Theyforgetwhattheyregardastheboringsideofbusiness—ensuringthatthecustomerremainsacustomer.4toconcentrateonretainingaswellasattractingcustomerscostsbusinesshugeamountsofmoneyannually.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheaveragecompanylosesbetween10and30percentofitscustomerseveryyear.Inconstantlychanging5，thisisnotsurprising.Whatissurprisingisthefactthatfewcompanieshaveany6howmanycustomerstheyhavelost.Onlynowareorganizationsbeginningtowakeuptothoselostopportunitiesandcalculatethe7implications.Cuttingdownthenumberofcustomersacompanylosescanmakeabig8initsperformance.ResearchintheUSfoundthatafivepercentdecreaseinthenumberofdefecting(流失的)customersledto9increasesofbetween25and85percent.IntheUS,Domino'sPizzaestimatesthataregularcustomerisworthmorethan$5,000overtenyears.Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand10neverreturns,islosingthecompanythousandsofdollarsin11profits(moreifyouconsiderhowmanypeopletheyarelikelytotellabouttheirbadexperience)．Thelogicbehindcultivatingcustomerloyaltyisimpossibletodeny.“Inpracticemostcompanies'marketingeffortisfocusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaidto12them”，saysAdrianPayneofCornfieldUniversity'SchoolofManagement.“Researchsuggeststhatthereisa13relationshipbetweenretainingcustomersandmakingprofits.14customerstendtobuymore,arepredictableandusuallycostlesstoservicethannewcustomers.Furthermore,theytendtobelessprice15，andmayprovidefreeword-of-mouthadvertising.Retainingcustomersalsomakesitdifficultforcompetitorstoenteramarketorincreasetheirshareofamarket.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了很多公司把很多精力放在了吸引顧客的方面，而很少去關注如何留住老客戶，并說明留住老客戶的重要性。1．A.inparticular B．inrealityC．atleast D．firstofallB[根據前文“Everyoneinbusinesshasbeentoldthatsuccessisallaboutattractingandretaining(留住)customers”以及空前的“but”判斷，事實并不那么簡單。故選B。]2．A.emphasize B．doubtC．overlook D．believeC[根據下文“Theyforget”可知，成功吸引顧客之后，常常會忽略故事的另一部分。故選C。]3．A.carriedaway B．carriedbackC．carriedon D．carriedthroughA[根據下文“Theyforgetwhattheyregardastheboringsideofbusiness—ensuringthatthecustomerremainsacustomer.”他們忘記了他們認為是無聊的一面卻正是確保留住客戶的一個方面。由此可知，此處表示經理會忘乎所以。故選A。]4．A.Moving B．HopingC．Starting D．FailingD[如果不能集中精力留住和吸引客戶，每年都會給企業(yè)帶來巨額損失。故選D。]5．A.markets B．tastesC．prices D．expensesA[此文講的是公司做生意，應是市場。故選A。]6．A.thought B．ideaC．opinion D．viewB[havean/anyidea為固定搭配，意為“知道”。這里指很少有公司知道他們失去了多少客戶。故選B。]7．A.culture B．socialC．financial D．economicalC[根據上文可知，很少有公司知道他們失去了多少客戶。所以會對財務產生影響。financialimplication財務影響。故選C。]8．A.promise B．planC．mistake D．differenceD[makeadifference有影響，有關系。這里指對業(yè)績有很大的影響。故選D。]9．A.cost B．opportunityC．profit D．budgetC[句意：美國調查表明每減少流失5%的顧客，就會導致利潤增加25%～85%。下文也提到profit，故應選C。]10．A.asaresult B．onthewholeC．inconclusion D．onthecontraryA[空后是前文的結果，故應選A。]11．A.huge B．potentialC．extra D．reasonableB[由上文可知，一個老顧客在十年內價值超過5000美元。所以沒有回頭客，會損失潛在的利潤。故選B。]12．A.altering B．understandingC．keeping D．attractingC[根據“focusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaid”可知，此處應留住顧客。故選C。]13．A.close B．distantC．deep D．shallowA[根據下文“________customerstendtobuymore,arepredictableandusuallycostlesstoservicethannewcustomers.”可知，留住老客戶，與客戶維護好關系非常重要。故選A。]14．A.Assumed B．RespectedC．Established D．UnexpectedC[根據“thannewcustomers”這里指已建立的顧客，也就是老顧客。故選C。]15．A.agreeable B．flexibleC．friendly D．sensitiveD[根據常識和購物經驗可知，老顧客往往對價格不太敏感。pricesensitive價格敏感性。故選D。]Ⅲ.語法填空(2020·山東濟南一模)ThewildfiresinAustraliabecameconsiderablyworseinJanuary,2020.Thedisasterfacedby1.________countryisfarfromover.Manyofthefires2.________(send)smokehighintotheatmosphereandsomesmoketurnedintopyrocumulonimbusclouds(火云).Thecloudscouldhelpafiredrawinmoreairandshiftsurfacewinds，3.________(result)infiretornadoes(龍卷風).Fireshavedestroyedhabitatsforanimalsthat4.________(find)onlyinAustralia,includingkoalasandrarebirds.Itwilltaketimetofullyknowhowmuchharmthefireshavedone5.________wildlife.Thewildfiresareexpected6.________(continue)burningformonthsasAustraliaentereditsdryseason.Thispastyear,2019,isthehottesta