全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第四冊(cè)-Unit

全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第四冊(cè)Unit1ThePeninsularWarBR3-world-3-1ABriefIntroductiontoAdolfHitlerII■BR3-world-6JosephStalinII■BR3-world-2II■BR4-MAP-1.2Napoleon’sRussianCampaign1)Findthefollowingplacenames:Moscow,Borodino,andNemanRiver.2)WhathappenedinBorodinoBR4-MAP-1.3Hitler’sRussianCampaign1)WhendidtheHitler’sRussianCampaignhappen2)HowlongwasLeningradbeingbesiegedGR-textPartDivisionoftheTextParts

para.

MainIdeas

1

2

3

1~23~1112~20Introduction--BothNapoleon’sandHitler’smilitarycampaignsfailedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter.Napoleon’smilitarycampaignagainstRussia.

Hitler’smilitarycampaignagainsttheSovietUnion.globalreading4

21Conclusion--Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.

Theweatherisnotsogoodasthefavorableterrain,thefavorableterrainisnotsogoodasthesupportofthepeople. ManproposesandGoddisposes. Thesupremeartofwaristosubduetheenemywithoutfighting.

Pre-reading:quotationsPridecomesbeforeafall.Necessitycomesbeforeinvention/innovation.Sweatcomesbeforefruit.Failurecomesbeforesuccess.Willcomesbeforeway.

Para.1

IntensiveStudy-para1

Para.2

IntensiveStudy-para.2Findonephraseinpara.2meaningstartingawarLaunchanattackagainstWhatfatedidNapoleonandHitlershareMilitaryfailure/waterlooIntensiveStudy-para1-2WhatisthereasonforNapoleon’sdefeatUnpreparedforthedevastatingenemythatmethiminMoscow—rawRussianwinterTranslatethefollowingsentence:Asthesayinggoes:Knowyourselfandknowyourenemy,victoryisassured.

IntensiveStudy-para1-2Hewaspreparedforthefierceresistanceof…Hewaspreparedfor…ButhewasnotpreparedforHe__________________thattheywouldencounterfierceresistanceIntensiveStudy-para1-2anticipatedQuestion:HowisHitler’sarmyVerypowerfulIntensiveStudy-para2HowdoyouknowthatFindthewordstoproveit.UnequalledUnrivalled,incomparablemowdownMowthelawnIntensiveStudy-para2Mowdown:defeat,destroyHistroopshad__________________anyattempt/efforttochecktheadvanceofthemMarchedintotheterritorywithoverwhelmingforcecrashed/destroyedWhatisthereasonforHitler’sdefeatTheRussianwinteragaincametotheaidoftheSovietsoldiers.BothNapoleonandHitlerencounteredtheirwaterlooinRussiaIntensiveStudy-para1-2Theriseininterestratewillbedisastrousinthecaseofsmallfirms.Inthecaseofasfaras…isconcerned

Inthecaseofahighlyintelligentanimalliketheseal,elementarytrainingiseasy.Nowyoutry:就海豹那樣智商較高的動(dòng)物而言,初級(jí)培訓(xùn)是很簡(jiǎn)單的。

2.Thiscuttingboardisonlyusedtocutrawmeat.3.Industrialplantsprocessedtherawmaterialintofinishedproductsforexportandfordomesticconsumption.Rawcoldandwet;notcooked,refined,processed,organizedoranalyzed(L5)Howwouldyoulikethesteak

Raw

Blue-rare

Rare(52℃)

Medium-rare(55℃)

Medium(60℃)

Medium-well(65℃)

WellDone(71℃)1.TheeventstookplaceonarawFebruarymorning.

Beginningintheearly1960s,humanslaunchedprobestoexploreotherplanets.2.Launchacampaign/movement3.launchaship/anartificialsatellite/launchone'ssonintotheworld/anewenterprise/anewbrand(Procter&Gamble)Launch:start;sendonitscourse(L7)Nowyoutranslate:Article1_w_popwin_launched-2Helaunchedintoalongspeechaboutthedangerofgambling.他開(kāi)始作關(guān)于賭博危險(xiǎn)性的長(zhǎng)篇演說(shuō)。Shewantstobemorethanasingerandislaunchingoutintofilms.她不僅僅是想當(dāng)一名歌手，而且正在積極涉足電影界。launchanattack發(fā)動(dòng)進(jìn)攻launchamassivecampaign發(fā)動(dòng)一場(chǎng)大規(guī)模的運(yùn)動(dòng)launchacompany開(kāi)一家公司launchthreatsatsb. 向某人發(fā)出威脅launchinto（積極有力地）開(kāi)始launchout（精力充沛或戲劇性地）開(kāi)始

Para.3IntensiveStudyHowdidNapoleonfeelaboutthecampaignConfidentofaquickvictory.WhydidhethinksoHissoldierswerewelltrained,efficient,andwellequipped.IntensiveStudy-para3PredictedtheconquestofRussiainfiveweeksanticipated,expectedPredict:predict(prewar,preschool,previewpreface)dict:dictationdictatorforetellforecastIntensiveStudy-para3

Para.4

IntensiveStudyHowdidthecampaignturnedoutThequick,decisivevictorythatNapoleonexpectedneverhappened.(para.4)MakeasentencewiththeabovestructureIntensiveStudy-para4TheGrandArmyfollowed,butitsadvancemarchsoonbecameboggeddownbyslow-movingsupplylines.Translate大軍____________，但它的______________很快由于_______________而停頓下來(lái)。緊追不舍長(zhǎng)驅(qū)直入糧草運(yùn)輸緩慢IntensiveStudy-para4

Para.5

IntensiveStudyHewasnowfacedwithacrucialdecisionHewasconfrontedwithanimportantdecisionIntensiveStudy-para5Ongraduation,everyundergraduatewillbefacedwithacrucialdecision:whethertofindajobortopursuefurtherstudies.

Iwasfacedwithacrucialdecision:shouldIbeasmallfishinabigpondOrabigfishinasmallpond

Para.6

IntensiveStudyWhatdecisiondidNapoleonmakeNapoleontookthegambleof

pressingonIntensiveStudy-para6tooktherisksofpursuingtheenemyinspiteofdifficulties

IntensiveStudyNapoleonhadaclearpathtoMoscowNapoleonenteredMoscowwithoutany__________________IntensiveStudy-para7barrier/resistanceAragingfire;aragingstorm

Para.9IntensiveStudyWhydidtheFrenchretreatturnintoanightmare1.attackbytheRussians:

LifeanddeathstruggleIntensiveStudy-para92.freezingtemperature3.snowIntensiveStudy-para9drag:heavysteps

e.g.dragone’sstepsbackhomeCf.goon,pressonPara.10IntensiveStudyIntensiveStudy-para10Swollenriver:

Para.11

IntensiveStudyPartTwo(Paras3~11)Summary:

NapoleonfailedinhisattempttoconquerRussia,partlydueto/becauseof________________________________________________,togetherwiththeRussians’______________________________accountedforNapoleon’sdefeat.theraw,bitter,bleakwinterofRussiaTerribleweatherconditionsdeterminationtodefendthehomeland/tactics1.Theyear1939hadwitnessedtheconquestofPolandbyGermany.2.Thepianistmadeaconquestofeveryaudienceforwhichsheplayed.conquest:theactionoftakingcontrolof…byforce(L16)Theywona__________inbattle.Theysucceededinthe_______________ofthatcity.Theyreturnedhomein___________victoryconquesttriumphvictoryconquesttriumphvictory指“在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、競(jìng)賽、斗爭(zhēng)中獲勝”,并有“擊敗對(duì)方或敵人”的含義;conquest指“征服某國(guó)或某民族,從而使之處于被支配地位的勝利或戰(zhàn)勝”;triumph指“輝煌或徹底的勝利或成功”.Afterafiercebattle,thetroopsretreatedsouthward.2.Weadoptedthefollowingstrategies:whentheenemyadvances,weretreat;whentheyretreat,wepursue.retreatmovebackorwithdrawwhenfacedwithdangerordifficulty(L20)Ant.advance

Thelocalgovernmentgotboggeddowninproblemsofhowtohandletheemissionofhazardouschemicalsbyindustrialfacilities.be/getboggeddownbeunabletomakeprogress(L22)Nowyoutry:1.Amazingly,oursoccerteamwonthevictoryinthecrucialfinalgame.2.Improvedconsumerconfidenceiscrucialtoeconomicrecovery.Syn.vital,essential,critical,decisivecrucialveryimportant(followedbyto)(L27)Nowyoutry:1.Ourschoolauthoritiesarekeentopressonwitheducationalreform.2.Organizersofthestrikearedeterminedtopresson.Cf.dragonpresson/aheadcontinuedoingsth.inadeterminedway(L30)Nowyoutry:1.Hispoliticalrivalsarebidingtheirtimeforanattackonhispolicies.2.Ourneighborseemstobedoingnothing,butinfacthe'sjustbidinghistime.bideone’stimewaitpatientlyforachance(L39)Nowyoutry:Thesecompensationcaseshavealreadydraggedonforoneyear.HowmuchlongeristhemeetinggoingtodragonThetimedraggedaswewaiteddragonmoveslowlyandwitheffort;continueendlesslyandtediously(L50)..

1.Itwasastrokeofluckthattheairattendantmissedtheplane.byastrokeofluckluckily1.BermansavedJohnsonatthecostofhisownlife.2.Thelocalgovernmentdevelopeditseconomybutatthecostoftheenvironment.3.Heworkedhardatthecostofhishealth.atthecostofwiththelossof(L55)Para.12IntensiveStudyHowdidHitlerstartthewarBegananinvasionwithoutadeclarationofwarHowdidHitlerexpectthewarConfidentofaquickvictoryWhatwasHitler’stacticsBlitzkrieg,lightningwarWhatwerethethreetargetsofHitlerLeningrad,MoscowandUkraineIntensiveStudy-para12

Para.13IntensiveStudyDidHitler’s“l(fā)ightningwar”tacticsworkYes,theRussianswerecaughtoffguard.betakenbysurpriseWhatwastheRussiantacticsinresponse“Scorchtheearth”HowtoscorchtheearthBurned,destroyed,rendereduselessIntensiveStudy-para13scorchtheearthBurned,destroyed,rendereduselessIntensiveStudy-para13IntensiveStudy-para13ThebodyguardwascaughtoffguardwhenacrazyfemalefanpushedherwayamidthecrowdofreporterstowardBeckhamaskingforasignaturefromhim.caughtoffguard:takencompletelybysurprise小貝意外遭遇瘋狂女球迷保鏢有些措手不及

Para.14IntensiveStudyWhatisthesituationinLeningraddesperate1.Foodshortage2.starvationofonemillionpeopleIntensiveStudy-para14BR3-world-5.1StalingradII■St.Petersburg(Stalingrad)

Para.15IntensiveStudy

Para.16IntensiveStudyWhatwasthesituationinMoscow1.TheGermanarmywas___________by______________________.2.Thenitsmovementwas______________________IntensiveStudy-para15sloweddowngeneralmudbroughttoahalt

Para.17IntensiveStudy

Para.18IntensiveStudyWhatwasthesituationinStalingradTheGermanvictorywasoverin___________partlyowingto______________________.IntensiveStudy-para15StalingradtheRussianwinter

Para.19IntensiveStudy

Para.20IntensiveStudy

Para.21IntensiveStudyGR-Part1-Q3Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.IntensiveStudy-para21WhatconclusiondoestheauthordrawfromNapoleon’sandHitler’smilitarycampaigns1.OnHitler’sorders,theinvasionofPolandbeganonSeptember1,1939. invadesb.'srights abodyinvadedbydisease amindinvadedbyworryandanxiety Thetownwasinvadedbyacrowdoftourists..invasionanenteringorbeingenteredbyanattackingmilitaryforce(L63).Nowyoutry:.

1.Theinvitationtohisweddingcaughtmeoffguard.2.Themanagerdidn’tknowwhattosay.Itwasclearthatmyquestionhadcaughthimoffguard.catchsb.offguardtakesb.bysurprise(L71)Nowyoutry:Thedrugwillrenderthetigerharmlessforuptotwohours.Thenewsrenderedherspeechless.Hewasrenderedunconsciousbyablowonthebackoftheneck.render

cause(sb.\sth)tobeinaspecifiedcondition(L73)Hundredsofpeoplewererenderedhomelessbytheearthquake.Nowyoutry:地震導(dǎo)致成百上千的人無(wú)家可歸。

TheRedArmybroughtitswinteroffensivetoasuccessfulconclusion.anoffensiveodor(anastysmell

)/gesture/weapon.anoffensiveremark(disgustinglanguage)offensive:aggressiveaction,attack(L91/92).Nowyoutry:.

1.Doyoustillreckonhimamongyourfriends2.Manypeoplereckonhimtobeagreatbasketballplayer.3.reckonsth.in(countsth.in)4.reckononsb.'shelp(relyon)reckoncount;consider;think(L114)Alltheseproblemshadtobereckonedwithastheyarose.bereckonedwith:betakenintoconsideration1.Thedeathtollrosefrom270in1952to5,000in1954.2.Eachcarmustpayatolltocrossthebridge.toll(1)thenumberofpeopleoranimalskilledorinjuredinparticularcircumstances(L116)2)moneypaidfortheuseofabridge,road,etc.TheStructureoftheText

TopicExplanation-----------------------------------------------Reasons

EvidenceExamplesExperiment

StoriesComments1.驕兵必?cái)?pridecomesbeforeafall2.戰(zhàn)無(wú)不勝nothingcouldstandintheirway3.奮勇抵抗fierceresistance4.堪稱無(wú)敵beunequaled5.痛苦的教訓(xùn) apainfullesson6.

速?zèng)Q速勝aquick,decisivevictoryAfterreading-expressions

7.面臨著一個(gè)重要抉擇befacedwithacrucialdecision

8.孤注一擲takethegamble

9.激戰(zhàn)fiercebattle10.

等待時(shí)機(jī) bideone’stime12.成為一場(chǎng)噩夢(mèng)turnintoanightmare11.向…提出停戰(zhàn)offeratrucetoAfterreading-expressions13.拖著腳步行進(jìn) dragon14.潰不成軍的幸存者

thetatteredsurvivors15.

不宣而戰(zhàn)withoutadeclarationofwar16.閃電式戰(zhàn)略

lightningwar17.“焦土”政策“scorchtheearth”policy

18.處境變得危急thesituationbecomesdesperate19.食品匱乏 foodrunsoutAfterreading-expressionsAfter-1.useful-420.越來(lái)越接近drawcloserandcloserto21.發(fā)動(dòng)反攻 launchacounterattack22.形勢(shì)對(duì)…不利turnthetideagainst23.對(duì)…的突襲asurpriseattackonAfterreading-expressionsAfter-3.blank

BlankFilling

Fillineachblankinthefollowingparagraphwiththeappropriatewordsandphrasesfromthetext.WhenHitlerdecidedtolaunchhisofRussia,hethoughtthatnothingcouldofhisarmies.,itseemed,wasinevitable.Hehadsurpriseonhisside,Stalinbyhisattackwithoutaofwar.Hitlerexpectedthetolastonlyafewmonths.Intheevent,itwastoformuchlonger.LikeNapoleonbeforehim,hehadmadeafatalmistakeinfailingtotheseverityoftheRussianweather.ManyGermansoldiersweretothecoldaswintersetin,_________theGermanadvance___________．invasion______________standintheway________Conquestcatchingoffhisguardlaunching________declaration_________campaign_________dragon_________reckonwithdiefrom_______bringing________________________to

ahaltPart2:CompareandContrastSoil:thetoplayeroftheearthinwhichplantsgrow;onBritishsoil\Frenchsoil:inBritain,inFrancesb’snativesoil=sb’sowncountryEarth:theworldthatwelivein,substancethatplantsgrowin,thehardsurfaceoftheworld,asopposedtoseawhat\why\howonearth:usedwhenyouareaskingaquestionaboutsththatyouareverysurprisedorannoyedaboutPart2:CompareandContrast2.Campaign:aseriesofactionsintendedtoachieveparticularresult,especiallyinpoliticsorbusiness;aseriesofbattles,attacksintendedtoachieveparticularresultinawar.

Battle:afightbetweenopposingarmies,groupsofshipsetc,especiallyonethatispartofalargerwar;asituationinwhichopposinggroupsorpeoplecompeteorarguewitheachotherwhentryingtoachievesuccessorcontrolPart2:CompareandContrast3.Decisive:anaction,eventetcthathasapowerfuleffectonthefinalresultofsomething;leadingtoaclearresultandendingdoubt;tobeoneofthemostimportantcausesofsth;definiteandnotabletobedoubted.

Crucial:somethingthatiscrucialisextremelyimportantbecauseeverythingelsedependsonitPart2:CompareandContrast4.Stick:=push,ifapointedobjectsticksintosthoryoustickitintosthitispushedintoit;=fix,tofixsthtosth-elsewithastickysubstance,ortobecomefixedtoasurface=difficulttomove,ifsthsticksitbecomesfixedinonepositionsothatisisdifficulttomove

Bog:tobecometooinvolvedinthinkingaboutordealingwithoneparticularthing;tobecomestuckinmuddygroundandbeunabletomovePart2:CompareandContrast5.Assault:thecrimeofattackingsomeone;amilitaryattacktotakecontrolofaplacecontrolledbytheenemy;anattempttoachievesthdifficult,especiallyusingphysicalforce.

Attack:anactofdeliberatelyusingviolenceagainstsomeone;theactofusingweaponsagainstanenemyinawar;astatementthatcriticizessomeonestrongly.Part2:CompareandContrast6.Flee:toleavesomewhereveryquicklyinordertoescapefromdanger;e.g.Wewereforcedtofleethecountry.

Retreat:towalkbackandawayfromsomeoneorsthbecauseyouareafraidorembarrassed;tomoveawayfromtheenemyafterbeingdefeatedinbattle;togoawaytoaplacethatisquietorsafe;tochangeyourmindaboutapromiseyouhavemadebecausethesituationhasbecometoodifficult.FurtherDiscussionExercisestoPassageASummaryoftheTextAfter-readingActivities1.c attract,givepleasureto2.h agreementinfeelingoropinion3.c eatordrink;useup4.i unbelievable,great5.g responsibleforacrime6.i amountoftimebetweentwoevents7.d aroughoutlineorversion8.d addinordertomakemoreattractive9.r criticizeforfailingtodosth.AR-3-1WordCompletionarmonyonsumencredibleuiltyntervalraftecorateeproachharm1.Thegoalistomakehighereducationavailabletoeveryonewhoiswillingandcapable______hisfinancialsituation.

withrespectto B.inaccordwithC.regardlessof D.intermsof Dpractice2.Themoreanation’scompany______factoriesabroad,thesmallerthatcountry’srecordedexportswillbe.lie B.locateC.spot D.standBpractice3.Wearequitesurethatwecan______ourpresentdifficultyandfinishthetaskaccordingtoschedule.getaway B.getacrossC.getoff D.getoverDpractice4.There’sthelivingroomstilltobe_____sothat’smynextproject.decorated B.assessedC.dissolved D.abandonedApractice5.Itmaybenecessarytostop________inthelearningprocessandgobacktothedifficultpointsinthelessons.Atease B.atlengthC.Atintervals D.atadistanceCpractice6.Mostlabandfieldstudiesofhumanbehavior____takingasituationalphotographatagiventimeandinagivenplace.attach B.composeC.involve D.encloseCpractice7.Thechairmanwasblamedforlettinghissecretary

________toomuchworklastweek.takeaway B.takeoutC.Taketo D.takeonDpracticePost-readingactivitiesPart3:TranslationTranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish,usingthewordsandphrasesgivenbelow:casualtydecisiveoffensivebefacedwithengagelaunchtakeagamblepressonstrokegetboggeddownthankstominusinstructatthecostofturnthetidecatchoffguardPost-readingactivities

原文：攻勢(shì)已經(jīng)持續(xù)了三天，但是我們并沒(méi)有取得多少進(jìn)展。我們?cè)谇熬€與敵人交戰(zhàn)的部隊(duì)遇到了強(qiáng)力的抵抗。師長(zhǎng)命令我們營(yíng)繞到敵人后方發(fā)起突然襲擊。然而，要繞到敵人后方，我們必須越過(guò)一片沼澤地。我們很多人擔(dān)心會(huì)陷入泥潭之中。我們營(yíng)長(zhǎng)決定冒一下險(xiǎn)。我們?cè)谝鼓谎谏w下出發(fā)，不顧困難，奮勇向前。幸運(yùn)的是，夜間溫度突然下降到攝氏零下20度，爛泥地都結(jié)上了冰。由于這寒冷的天氣，我們于天亮前到達(dá)并從敵人后方發(fā)起進(jìn)攻。這一下扭轉(zhuǎn)了戰(zhàn)局。敵人沒(méi)有戒備，不久便投降了。Post-readingactivitiesKeyofTranslationTheoffensivehadalreadylastedthreedays,butwehadnotgainedmuchground.Ourtroopsengagingtheenemyatthefrontwerefacedwithstillresistance.Thedivisioncommanderinstructedourbattaliontogetaroundtotherearoftheenemyandlaunchasurpriseattack.Todoso,however,wehadtocrossamarshlandandmanyofuswereafraidwemightgetboggeddowninthemud.Ourbattalioncommanderdecidedtotakeagamble.Westartedundercoverofdarknessandpressedoninspiteofgreatdifficulties.Byastrokeofluck,thetemperatureatnightsuddenlydroppedtominus20degreesCelsiusandPost-readingactivitiesthemarshfrozeover.Thankstothecoldweather,wearrivedatourdestinationbeforedawnandbeganattackingtheenemyfromtherear.Thisturnedthetideofthebattle.Theenemy,caughtoffguard,soonsurrendered.Hints:divisioncommander(師長(zhǎng))battalion(營(yíng))marshland(沼澤地)TextAnalysis

AComparison-and-ContrastAnalysisoftheTwoInvasions

InvadingcountryFranceGermanyCountryinvadedRussiaSovietUnionStarterofwarNapoleonHitlerStartingtimeofinvasionSpring,1812June22,1941Strengthofinvadingforce600,000thelargestlandcampaigninhistoryPredictionquickvictory,conquestofRussiain5weeksBlitzkrieg,lastingnolongerthan3monthsTextAnalysis

AComparison-and-ContrastAnalysisoftheTwoInvasions

InitialresistancestrategyCaptureoftheRussiancapitalMajorbattlesTruceofferrefusingtostandandfight;retreatingeastwards,burningcropsandhomes“scorchtheearth”,fiercefighttodefendmajorcitiesyesnoSmolensk,Borodino,theBerezinaRiverLeningrad,StalingradbyNapoleon,rejectedbytheCzarnoTextAnalysis

AComparison-and-ContrastAnalysisoftheTwoInvasionsBiggestenemyfortheinvadingforceTurningpointFateoftheinvadingforceWar-starter’sfatesnow,freezingtemperatureheavyrain,“GeneralMud”,snow,freezingtemperatureOctober1812,whenNapoleonorderedaretreat1943,whentheSoviettroops