2025版高考英語一輪復習必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars學案含解析新人教版

PAGEUnit4Astronomythescienceofthestars————[單元主題語境]———人與自然之地球與宇宙奇妙探究(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ)話題：檢驗學業(yè)的前沿陣地詞數：283難度：★★★★Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation，soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem？It'sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms，liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport，NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears，Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity，andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution(解決方案)．“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold，aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests，”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades，otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal？’Basically，it's‘I'vegottoproducethisproductandthen，attheendoftheyear，presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview，and...it'snotaverynicethingattimes.It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影響)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon'tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria？GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem，readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文，介紹了美國一所中學與NASA合作的聯(lián)合科研項目，解決國際空間站中的細菌問題。這類語篇對于啟發(fā)與培育學生良好的思維品質有主動的引導作用。32．WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A．Theyarehardtogetridof. B．Theyleadtoairpollution.C．Theyappearindifferentforms. D．Theydamagetheinstruments.解析：推理推斷題。依據第一段中的“ThemicroorganismsfromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation，soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.”可知，來自我們身體的微生物在太空站的表面增長得很快，航天員每周得花很長時間清理它們，由此斷定太空站里的細菌很難清除，故答案為A。答案：A33．WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A．Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B．Tosharpenstudents'communicationskills.C．Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D．Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據其次段的第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”可知，HUNCH項目的目的是把學校教化與航天技術聯(lián)系在一起，故答案為D。答案：D34．WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A．Checktheirproduct. B．Guideprojectdesigns.C．Adjustworkschedules. D．Gradetheirhomework.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第三段的最終兩句“Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview...It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”可知，NASA工程師親自檢查那些中學學生的產品，故答案為A。答案：A35．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NASA：TheHomeofAstronautsB．Space：TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC．Nature：AnOutdoorClassroomD．HUNCH：ACollegeAdmissionReform解析：標題歸納題。本文主要介紹了一個項目：把中學的教室教學與太空的探討聯(lián)系起來，使學生們得到NASA工程師們的指導。因此在選標題時既要有太空，還要有學生，選項B將其完備地結合了起來，故答案為B。答案：B一、語言實力熟詞生義/詞類活用1．turnto談到，提到2．breakn.休息3．presentvt.交給4．readyvt.打算二、思維品質1．閱讀技巧——濃縮主題，歸納標題標題形式：單詞、短語或句子標題特點：位于文章之首，高度概括文章內容，點明文章主題，具有概括性、針對性和簡潔性等三個突出特點。選擇方法：在了解文章大意的基礎上，細致考慮內容與文章主題是否有親密聯(lián)系；看選項內容對文章的概括性和覆蓋面如何；要留意題目范圍過大或過小。設錯方式：概括不夠(如上文第35題D項)；過度概括；以事實細微環(huán)節(jié)替代概括性強的大意(如上文第35題A、C兩項)。2．分析長難句并翻譯句子ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms，liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport，NewYork.[分析]ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms是主句，like是介詞，后面接賓語theone，在theone后是一個省略了關系代詞的定語從句。[翻譯]這個問題取決于美國國家航空和航天局HUNCH中學的課堂，就像位于紐約費爾波特的費爾波特中學的科學老師GeneGordon和DonnaHimmelberg領導的項目一樣。三、文化素養(yǎng)思索：通過閱讀這篇文章，你對地球與宇宙奇妙探究有何相識？自古以來，地球始終存在著很多未解之謎，正是這些神奇激勵著我們不斷為此努力探究、求知。相識地球、探究地球奇妙，始終是人們渴望和追求的目標。在探究求知的過程中，我們要有創(chuàng)新和實踐實力，從而實現自我超越。授課提示：對應學生用書第89頁NO.1單詞——在語境中應用，在拓展中記多01核心單詞…………[先識記]請依據漢語提示完成下列詞塊1．existonlyinAfrica只存在于非洲2．theoryandpractice理論與實踐3．crashintoatree撞在樹上4．floatdowntheriver沿河漂流5．multiplyanddivide乘法和除法6．unlikehermother不像她母親7．lessentheriskofdisease降低患病風險8．areactiontoaquestion對問題的反應9．agentleman一個親善的人10．aviolentexplosion猛烈的爆炸11．theharmfuleffectsofalcohol酒精的害處12．giveapullattherope拉一下繩子13．beinapuzzleaboutsth.對某事迷惑不解14．anewsystemofteaching一種新的教學體系[再拓展]請?zhí)钊肜ㄌ杻葐卧~的正確形式1．Icouldfeelthewindgently(gentle)blowingthroughmyhairanditwasawarmsummerbreeze.2．Doyoubelievetheexistenceofghosts？Perhapstheyonlyexistinthemindsofsomepeople.(exist)3．Playingcomputergameswillnotonlydoharmtoyourphysicalhealth，butitisalsoharmfultoyourmentalhealth.Sothereisnoharminadvisingyoutogiveitup.(harm)4．Heoftensaysthathedoesn'tbelieveinanyreligionbutmeanwhileherespectsothers'religiousfreedom.(religion)5．Sincemyyoungerbrotherisfondofbiology，heisdeterminedtobecomeabiologistwhenhegrowsup.(biology)6．Asisknowntous，everyonehashislikesanddislikes.Mylittlesisterisfondofpopmusic.Sheislikelytobecomeafamouspopsingerinthefuture.(like)7．Lastnightwehadadiscussion，whichbecamemoreandmoreviolent.Finallywereachedanagreementthatwewillneveruseviolencewhateverhappens.(violent)8．Therewasapuzzledlookonthelittlegirl'sfacebecauseapuzzlingproblempuzzledher.(puzzle)02閱讀單詞…………標注不相識的單詞，回查單詞表重新記憶□astronomy□weightlessly□solar□biologist□carbon□dissolve□acid□mammal□dioxide□extinct□vapour□atomNO.2短語——在拼法中記牢，在聯(lián)想中積累[必會短語]請依據漢語提示完成下列詞塊1．nowthat既然2．layeggs下蛋3．cheerup感到興奮；感到激昂4．breakout突發(fā)；爆發(fā)5．inone'sturn輪到某人6．getthehangofEnglish駕馭英語7．givebirthtoonenewborn只產一仔8．dependonhimforhelp希望他幫忙9．watchoutforcars當心車輛10．preventthefirefromspreading制止火擴散11．blockthesunout遮住太陽12．arriveintime剛好到達[詞匯積累]1．各種“碰撞”聚焦①crashv．碰撞；墜落②bumpn．&v．撞；碰撞(聲)③collidev．碰撞；相撞④collisionn．撞擊；碰撞⑤runinto撞上⑥knockinto撞上2．與“太空”有關的高頻單詞集錦①astronomyn．天文學②astronautn．宇航員③gravityn．萬有引力④satelliten．衛(wèi)星⑤orbitn．軌道⑥spaceshipn．宇宙飛船⑦universen．宇宙⑧l(xiāng)aunchvt.放射3．“阻擋/禁止某人做某事”的多種表達①preventsb.fromdoingsth.②stopsb.fromdoingsth.③keepsb.fromdoingsth.④prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.⑤bansb.fromdoingsth.⑥forbidsb.fromdoingsth.NO.3句式——在解讀中學懂，在學寫中學通請依據提示完成下列句子1．make＋it＋adj.＋todo，在該句式中，it是形式賓語Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.這就產生了一系列的反應，使得生命就有可能起先發(fā)展了。2．“...倍數＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as...”是倍數表達法之一，意為“……是……的多少倍”露西付出的是以前三倍的時間和精力，所以我信任她這次能勝利。Lucydevotedthreetimesasmuchtimeandenergyasshedidbefore，soIbelieveshewillsucceedthistime.3．nowthat“既然；由于”，引導緣由狀語從句，有時that可以省略既然現在上的新課不那么難，你就不用擔憂功課了。Nowthatthenewlessonsgiventhesedaysarenotsodifficult，youneedn'tworryaboutyourlessons.4．形容詞短語作伴隨狀語長途旅行之后，我們三人回到了家，又餓又累。Afterthelongjourney，thethreeofuswentbackhome，hungryandtired.授課提示：對應學生用書第90頁1．harmfuladj.有害的[寫作佳句]Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer，whichisveryharmfultotheirhealth.有些男生對玩電腦嬉戲簡直到了癡迷的程度，這對他們的健康特別有害。[歸納拓展](1)beharmfultosb./sth.對某人/某物有害(2)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(do/causeharmtosb.,do/causesb.harm))對某人有害(3)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(Thereisnoharmindoingsth.,Itdoesnoharmtodosth.))做某事沒有壞處。[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Thelocalgovernmentcloseddownsomefactorieswhichhaddonealotofharmtotheenvironment.②Asweallknow，abadeatinghabitisharmful(harm)toone'shealth.③Personally，thereisnoharminmaking(make)anapologytohim.實力提升——一句多譯眾所周知，吃太多垃圾食品對我們的健康有害。④Whatisknowntousisthateatingtoomuchjunkfoodisharmfultoourhealth.(harmful)⑤Itisknowntousthateatingtoomuchjunkfooddoesharmtoourhealth.(harmn．)2．existvi.存在；生存[寫作佳句]Theycan'texistonthemoneyhe'searning.他們靠他掙的那點錢無法維持生活。[歸納拓展](1)existon＝liveon靠……為生Thereexist(s)/existed...某地有/存在……(2)existencen．存在；生存comeintoexistence產生；成立；起先存在(3)existingadj.(僅用于名詞前)目前的，現存的[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultytheyhaveexisting(exist)onthemoneyheisearning.②Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence(exist)．③Theparkingplaceforbikeswasanexisting(exist)problemforalongtimeinourschool.實力提升——翻譯句子④目前有一個解決現存問題的好方法。(2024·高考上海卷)Thereexistsagoodwaytosolvetheexistingproblematpresent.[實戰(zhàn)貼士]exist是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)，也不用于進行時態(tài)。3．puzzlevt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)犯難；(使)困惑n.謎；難題[文化金句]Youwillbepuzzledabouttheirmeaningsifyoudon'tlearnaboutthebackgroundoftheseTangpoems.假如你不了解這些唐詩的寫作背景，你可能會對它們的含義感到很困惑。[歸納拓展](1)apuzzletosb.一件讓某人感到困惑的事情(2)puzzleabout/over苦思冥想；費盡心機(3)puzzlingadj.令人困惑的puzzledadj.感到困惑的bepuzzledabout對……迷惑不解[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsuchapuzzlingquestion，shestoodtherewithapuzzledlookonherface.(puzzle)②Shelostheartwhenshefailedtheexam，becauseherfuturewaspuzzling(puzzle)．③Peoplehavelongpuzzledover/abouthowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.④Wherethemissingplanehasgonestillremainsapuzzletous.實力提升——句型轉換⑤Whatpuzzledthefiremenwasthecauseofthefire.→Thefiremenwerepuzzledaboutthecauseofthefire.(puzzledadj.)[實戰(zhàn)貼士]過去分詞形式的形容詞，如puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised等，除了可以用來描述人的心理活動以外，還可以用來修飾與人有關的一些名詞，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。4．intime剛好；最終；遲早[寫作佳句]Asaproverbgoes，“Wherethere'sawill，there'saway.”O(jiān)ureffortswillpayoffintime.正如一句諺語所說，“有志者，事竟成”，我們的努力遲早會有所回報。[歸納拓展](1)intimeforsth.剛好趕上某事intimetodosth.剛好做某事(2)innotime立即；立刻atnotime決不(置于句首主謂部分倒裝)atatime每次；一次atonetime曾經；一度attimes有時；間或[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday.②Doingthingswedon'tlikecanbegoodforusattimes.③Beginbyaskingemployees，oneatatime，whattheyneedtoperformattheirbest.實力提升——句式升級④Inmyview，youshouldatnotimeloseheartwheneveryouareintrouble.→Inmyview，atnotimeshouldyouloseheartwheneveryouareintrouble.(用倒裝句式升級)5．inone'sturn輪到某人；接著[寫作佳句]Whenitisinmyturn，Iamtooexcitedtospeak.當輪到我時，我激烈得都說不出話來了。[歸納拓展]inturn依次；相應地；反過來byturns輪番；交替地taketurnstodosth.輪番做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Nowthatwehavefinishedthedesign，itisintheirturntoconstruct.②Atthemeetingtheytookturnstoput(put)forwardanumberofsuggestionsaimingtopromotethereformofeducationsystem.③Thetwodaughterslookedaftertheirsickmotherbyturns.實力提升——完成句子④Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars，which，inturn，createsmoreproblems.人們運用自己的小汽車避開公共交通延誤，反過來，這造成更多的問題。[實戰(zhàn)貼士]byturns是“交替地；輪番”的意思，多指兩個人或兩個行為之間的交替進行；假如表示“按依次”則應當用inturn。6．makeit＋adj./n.＋(forsb.)todo[文化金句]HavingwatchedABiteofChinawillmakeiteasierforyoutounderstandwhyheisdeterminedtomakehislivingbyrunningaChinesefoodrestaurantinNewYork.觀看《舌尖上的中國》會讓你更簡單理解為什么他確定在紐約開一家中餐館來謀生。[歸納拓展](1)make＋it＋adj./n.＋that從句make＋it＋nogood/nouse/novalue...＋doingsth.(2)常用于這種句型的動詞還有：think，consider，find，feel等[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Ithinkitgreatfuntolearn(learn)thepoemswrittenintheTangDynastywithyou.②Shemadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.③Iconsideritnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutit.實力提升——完成句子④Thenewly-builtstadiumislargeenough，whichmakesitpossibleforustotakepartinvariousactivities.(2024·高考全國卷Ⅲ)新建的體育館足夠大，這使我們有可能參與各種各樣的活動。[實戰(zhàn)貼士]“makeit＋adj./n.＋(forsb.)todosth.”句型中it作形式賓語，而真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式。7．倍數表達法[教材原句]ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但當我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠，步伐的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍遠，因而我摔倒了。[歸納拓展]倍數表達法：(1)倍數＋as...as...(2)倍數＋比較級＋than(3)倍數＋thesize/height/length/width...＋of...(4)倍數＋what從句[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Myschoolhasexpandedintoabigone，whichisthreetimesasbigasthepreviousone.②Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfaster(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.③Thenumberofstudentsnowinthisschoolisfourtimeswhatitwastenyearsago.實力提升——一句多譯正在建的新體育館將會是操場的兩倍大。(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ)④Thenewstadiumbeingbuiltwillbetwiceasbigastheplayground.(as)⑤Thenewstadiumbeingbuiltwillbetwicethesizeoftheplayground.(size)⑥Thenewstadiumbeingbuiltwillbetwicebiggerthantheplayground.(than)[實戰(zhàn)貼士](1)表示“兩倍”時用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基數詞＋times”表達。(2)此句型中倍數也可以用分數、百分數，half等其他程度狀語來表達。授課提示：對應學生用書第92頁[教材與高考]Ⅰ.閱讀理解障礙詞1．閱讀詞匯認知①(2024·高考天津卷)Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.n.氛圍②(2024·高考北京卷)However，angercaneasilyturnviolent，anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.adj.暴力的③(2024·高考天津卷)Theywoulddefinethedriver'sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.n.撞車2．一詞多義①(2024·高考北京卷)Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.CA．牽引力 B．拉，拖C．排入②(2024·高考北京卷)Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam，someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war(拔河競賽)，wheneverapersonisadded，everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.BA．牽引力 B．拉，拖；拽C．排入Ⅱ.語言運用高頻點1．語法填空①(2024·高考全國卷Ⅲ)Asthesmallboatmovedgently(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.②(2024·高考北京卷)Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone，andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexisting(exist)relationships.③(2024·高考江蘇卷)Inthe1960s，whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark，BobChristiansenbecamepuzzled(puzzle)aboutsomethingthat，oddly，hadnottroubledanyonebefore...④(2024·高考北京卷)Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools，appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.⑤(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ)Isawthereweretwoinstructorsonboardandamanlyingacrossthemiddle.Hewasshakingviolently(violent)．2．完形填空①(2024·高考江蘇卷)However，thetwozookeepersdidn'twanttoseetheextinction(滅亡)ofthispreciousspecies.Withtheirpatienceandefforts，theysuccessfullydevelopeda47ofartificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction.ThisenabledEmmatogivebirthtofivebabycranes.A．combination B．collectionC．strategy D．system解析：人工繁殖和自然繁殖是兩種繁殖方式，此處指動物園飼養(yǎng)員把這兩種方式勝利地結合起來了，故選combination(結合，聯(lián)合)。collection“收集”；strategy“策略”；system“系統(tǒng)”。答案：A②(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ)Istillcan'tbelievewhatacoincidenceitwas.I'mjustsogladIwasthere60tohelpmyson.A．onboard B．intimeC．forsure D．onpurpose解析：這里表示作者感慨自己剛好出現在事故現場幫助了自己的兒子，因此選intime表示“剛好”。onboard“在(船、飛機、火車等)上”；forsure“確信”；onpurpose“有意地”。答案：BⅢ.書面表達亮點練1．(2024·高考浙江卷)現在父母過多地表揚他們的孩子，這對他們是有害的。(harmful)Nowadays，parentsprais