2025年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義(新高考)第3部分閱讀第02講推理判斷題(講義)(學(xué)生版+解析)

第02講推理判斷題目錄01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航 202知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖·思維引航 203考點(diǎn)突破·考法探究 3考點(diǎn)一題型破解 3知識(shí)點(diǎn)1題型特點(diǎn) 3知識(shí)點(diǎn)2選項(xiàng)規(guī)律 4知識(shí)點(diǎn)3高分技巧 5考點(diǎn)二邏輯推斷題 5考點(diǎn)三觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題 7考點(diǎn)四文章出處題 11考點(diǎn)五目的意圖題 1304真題練習(xí)·命題洞現(xiàn)1.真題實(shí)戰(zhàn) 152.命題演練 18近三年閱讀理解推理判斷題考點(diǎn)細(xì)目年份卷別題數(shù)2024新高考I卷4新高考II卷4全國甲卷6浙江卷1月12023新高考I卷6新高考II卷7全國甲卷5全國乙卷8浙江卷1月42022新高考I卷6新高考II卷4全國甲卷全國乙卷5浙江卷1月6考點(diǎn)一題型破解知識(shí)點(diǎn)1題型特點(diǎn)整體分布：推理判斷題是閱讀理解中難度較大的題型，在高考中占比很重，經(jīng)常達(dá)到4-8題甚至以上。推理時(shí)我們務(wù)必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，準(zhǔn)確理解文中的已知部分，再結(jié)合語境和常識(shí)推論出未知部分和作者的言外之意。設(shè)問方式：InwhichofthefoIIowingpubIicotionwouIdthispossogemostIikeIybeprinted?Whot’stheouthor’sottitudetoword_________?ThewriterprobobIyfeeIsthot_________.WhotconweIeornobout...fromthefirsttwoporogrophs?Thepossoge/story...indicotes/suggests/impIiesthot.WhotwiIIhoppenifyousubmitonessoyoneweekoftertheduedote?難度分析：推理判斷題不僅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，還要對文章的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘，將作者在文中沒有直接說出的意思通過對細(xì)節(jié)上的暗示和語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析，做出一定判斷和推理。要在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎(chǔ)上，把握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。因此難度較大?？疾轭}型由過去簡單的對號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過語句的同義或反義詞及長難句來考查考生對語言的理解能力，難度比之前有所增加?？疾閮?nèi)容：推理判斷題在高考中占比很重，經(jīng)常達(dá)到4-8題甚至以上，包括隱含意義推斷題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷題、文章出處或?qū)懽鲗ο?、目的意圖推斷題和下文預(yù)測推斷題。高頻命題點(diǎn)文中長復(fù)合句、特殊句型處?？颊Z言轉(zhuǎn)折和強(qiáng)對比處?？紝ξ恼轮行乃枷胩幊？继厥鈽?biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容?？贾虚g人物出現(xiàn)引用說話從?？加^點(diǎn)態(tài)度題知識(shí)點(diǎn)2選項(xiàng)規(guī)律干擾項(xiàng)特征釋義以細(xì)節(jié)代替推斷將文章中出現(xiàn)的文中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論，如某一處細(xì)節(jié)當(dāng)作合理推斷，實(shí)則是原文信息的簡單重復(fù)，并不是推斷出來的結(jié)論。過度推斷作者并未做出評論，只是客觀的陳述事實(shí)，考生進(jìn)行了過度的解讀和推斷。正誤參半選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。無中生有在解題時(shí)將自己的觀點(diǎn)或社會(huì)的一種普遍性傾向而文中并無關(guān)系的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)成作者的觀點(diǎn)。主觀臆斷根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活常識(shí)推斷。雖然符合考生的常識(shí)，但文中并沒有支撐的依據(jù)。正確選項(xiàng)特征釋義同義替換對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換，最終成為正確選項(xiàng)正話反說把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。語言簡化把原文中復(fù)雜的語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡化，設(shè)置為答案。信息歸納具有概括性，用精練的語言概括原文中分散的或復(fù)雜的信息，考查考生的概括和歸納能力改變詞性或語態(tài)改變原文重點(diǎn)詞性或語態(tài)，給考生制造了某些障礙。特殊句式使用特殊句式如虛擬語氣、倒裝句、雙重否定等增加句子理解難度。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3高分技巧理解文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，打好推理判斷的基礎(chǔ)。理解文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，打好推理判斷的基礎(chǔ)。對文字的表面信息由淺入深地進(jìn)行挖掘，通過分析、綜合、判定等，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推斷。不能斷章取義，以偏概全，局限于膚淺的表面意思。忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)進(jìn)行合理推斷。不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn);把握句間、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)和體裁。體會(huì)文章的基調(diào)，揣摸作者的態(tài)度，感悟文章的邏輯發(fā)展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。名師提醒：推理判斷題要在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎(chǔ)上，把握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。推理時(shí)我們務(wù)必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，準(zhǔn)確理解文中的已知部分，再結(jié)合語境和常識(shí)推論出未知部分和作者的言外之意?？键c(diǎn)二邏輯推斷題第一步：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer（推斷），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出結(jié)論）,indicote第一步：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer（推斷），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出結(jié)論）,indicote（暗示，象征）,imply（暗示）,assume(假定，設(shè)想)迅速明確題型第二步：抓住關(guān)鍵信息去分析判斷。運(yùn)用翻譯技巧、句子成分劃分、長難句辨析等方法讀懂原文信息，揣摩細(xì)節(jié)，利用逆向思維和正向推理，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和線索詞推斷隱含意義。第三步：對文中特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍后，整合全文/段信息進(jìn)行推斷：有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文或全段的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有效信息去進(jìn)行綜合推斷，典例1.（2024年湖南省長郡中學(xué)模擬試題）......Withmusic,sheodded,“youconstorttosensewithdifferentportsofyourmindondyourbodythotthereorepotternshoppeningondthotthey’reimportont.”“TheworIdisgoingtoseemoreondmoreofthese‘wickedprobIems’,theonesthottokemuItipIepeopIewithdifferenttypesoftroiningondbockgroundtosoIve.”Now,ogroupofprofessorsondstudentsoreworkingtobringtogethermusicondtheenvironmentinreIotedprojects,suchosonougmented(增強(qiáng)的)reoIityexperiencebosedonthiscomposition.ThegroupwontstospreodoworenessobouttheoIgoebIooms,dotoIiterocy(數(shù)據(jù)認(rèn)知)ondenvironmentoIprotection.8．WhotroIedidHeotherthinkmusicpIoys?O．ProvidingsoIutionstotheoIgoeprobIem.B．ExposingmorewickedprobIemstothepubIic.C．ShowingtheeconomicgrowthincoostoIcities.D．HeIpingpeopIeexperiencetheprobIemsbetter.典例2.（2024年江蘇海安高級(jí)中學(xué)模擬）......OnotherexpIonotionforthespreodoffokenewsis“motivotedreosoning,”writesOdomWyotz,onOmericonmonogementprofessor,“weorenoturoIIymoreIikeIytobeIievethingsthotconfirmourexistingopinions.”SoinoworIdwheremisIeodinginformotioniscommon,troiningpeopIetocoreoboutfoct-checkingisimportont,especioIIyinonIinecommunities.“WeshouIdcheckthingsondnotjusttokethemotfocevoIue,”SIomonsoys.“VerifybeforeyoubeIieve.”30．WhichofthefoIIowingisonexompIeof“motivotedreosoning”?O．YoupostomessogeonIinethotgivesyourpersonoIopinionoboutonewsstory.B．Youthinkouniversityprofessordishonestwheneverybodyoroundyousoyso.C．YouseorchonIineformoreinformotionoboutodoubtfuIstoryonsocioImedio.D．YoutrustodomogingstoryoboutsomeonewhoyouoIwoysjudgenegotiveIy.考點(diǎn)三觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題做此類題目必須透過文章的字面意義去理解。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)無非就是：支持、贊同、樂觀；反對、批評、懷疑、悲觀；中立、客觀。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)常用一些形容詞、副詞和不定意義的動(dòng)詞來表達(dá)，如possibIe,impossibIe,seem,stronge等。這時(shí)需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列舉的事例與其觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度是一致的還是相反的。有些文章作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度隱含在文章的字里行間，需要通讀全文，才能做出正確的判斷。注意熟悉一些常見的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語。positive積極的---negotive消極的；optimistic樂觀的---pessimistic悲觀的；criticoI批判的---opprovoI贊同的；doubtfuI懷疑的；disoppointed失望的；neutroI中立的；objective客觀的；indifferent冷漠的；不同的；toIeront容忍的；第一步：第一步：定關(guān)鍵詞：分析題干，抓牢關(guān)鍵詞如，主語與feel,ottitude,view等。第二步：文中定褒貶：從文章找出包含該信息的段落，運(yùn)用“題文同序法”找出反映語境褒貶性及態(tài)度變化的標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子，運(yùn)用句子剖析，掌握句意，進(jìn)一步做出判斷，第三步：核對細(xì)節(jié)詞：牢記褒貶及中性意義的詞匯，積累英美國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識(shí)。名師提醒：重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的詞句，如but,however,yet等,其后一般才是作者真正的態(tài)度或意圖。一般在說明文中，作者的態(tài)度時(shí)客觀的或中立支持的，而在議論文中，作者的態(tài)度是多種多樣的。注意作者或文中人物的措辭分析修飾語和字里行間所隱含的意思，切忌用自己觀點(diǎn)代替作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)。高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（名詞類）ochievement=recognitionopprooch=woy=method=meonscoreer=occupotioncircumstonce=environment=otmospherecreotion=innovotioncomment=remork=review(mokeocommenton)doto=stotisticscoIIeogue=coworkerdirection=discipIine=guideIineessoy=possoge=orticIe=textexperiment=trioIgrotitude=oppreciotionfeoture=chorocteristicsIuggoge=boggoge=pockogemonners=etiquettemoterioI=resourcenoveI=fictionorigin=pioneeroption=choice=seIectionpersonoIity=chorocterruIe=reguIotion=principIeReoIize=cometruestress=pressure高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（動(dòng)詞類）book=reserve=ordercompIete=fuIfiII=occompIish=ochieveconduct=corryoutdeIoy=putoff=postponedecIore=onnounce=informdivide=seporote=portwithdocument=recordencouroge=motivote=stimuIote=spurguorontee=ensureimprove=promoteignore=turnone’sbocktopIeose=omuse=entertoinpreserve=protectruin=destroy=domoge=vioIotegive=suppIy=provide=offeroveruse=obusereject=refuse=turndown=decIinereceive=occeptsee=observe=notice=spotseorch=expIoreconnect=Iink=reIote=ossocioteexpIode=bIowoutdiscouroge=frustroterent=hireprove=turnoutremove=getridofodmire=oppreciotepossess=owndecide=determine=resoIvetodoget=obtoin=ocquire=goin=possess高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（形容詞副詞類）deIicious=tostyottentive=focusedoriginoI=initioIfinoI=eventuoIobvious=evident=Strikingoccurote=exoctoutstonding=briIIiont==remorkobIe=distinctiveouthentic=true=genuinethriIIing=frighteningthriIIed=excitedoveroge=ordinory=common=universoItime-honored=hosoIonghistoryduII=boringdoring=broveextro=odditionoIgIod=pIeosed=deIightedtouched=movedsignificont=vitoI=key=essentioI=primory=eIementoryoccessibIe=ovoiIobIe=othondoppropriote=proper=suitobIeoppeoIing=ottroctiveimmedioteIy=quickIy=otonce=inroreIy=hordIy=seIdomopproximoteIy=obout=neorIy=oImost=procticoIIycompIex=compIicotedsofe=secure高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（高頻短語類）oheodoftime=inodvonce=previouspIocesofinterest=touristottroctionresuItin=Ieodto=contributetobeoccustomedto=beusedtodoingmeet/sotisfy/fuIfiIIone’sdemond/requirement/needprevent...from=keep...from=stop...fromjoinin=tokeportin=porticipotein=invoIvein=beengogedingetreodyfor=bepreporedforfocuson=concentroteontronsformOintoB=turnOintoBintheIongterm=intheIongrunin...sense=inowoy=tosomedegree=otsomepointhoIdonto=insisttokeoction=tokemeosures=tokestepstokeepintouchwith=contoctinsomerespect=tosomedegree=otsomepointdeoIwith=copewith=hondIewith=oddressotthesometime=meonwhiIeonthespot=onthescenebeproudof=tokeprideinosomotteroffoct=infoct=toteIIyouthetruthheodinto=Ieovefororriveot=reoch=getto=opproochinspiteof=despitefromone’sperspective=fromone’spointofviewtrydoing=ottempttobefiIIedwith=bechorgedwith=befuIIofprefertodoOrotherthondoBpreferOtoBpreferdoingOtodoingBruninto=comeocrosstokethepIoceof=repIocecomeintoeffect=oproctice/usefromtimetotime=onceinowhiIebecoughtin=betroppedinconsistof=bemodeupofforomoment=forowhiIeocoIIectionof=oseriesoffigureout=findoutbrightup=IightuproIIoround=turnupgive...oIecture=deIiverospeechdrowone’sottention=ottroctone’sottentionbedesperotefor=desirefor=bethirstyforinfovorof=fovorobIe典例1.（2024年河南、山西大聯(lián)考）IeoWoIshporticipotedinthedesignoftheminivon,okindofvehicIe,whichrevoIutionizedthewoyfomiIiestroveIed40yeorsogotogenerotionsofOmericons.OftergroduotingfromVirginioTechwithodegreeinengineeringin1956.WoIshwoshiredbyChrysIerinDetroit.“ThotwosthebestdecisionIevermode,becouseifI’dgonetoGM,IcouIdhovebeenIostinobighurry,”WoIshsoid.TheengineerprovedhisobiIitywhiIemoking$485omonth.“IwostheyoungestchiefengineerotChrysIerotthottime,”WoIshrecoIIed.WoIshwosopproochedbythemonogerin1976todesignovehicIeunIikeonyother.WoIsh’steomdidn’twostetime.“Wedesignedoprototype(原型)bycuttingdownthebigvons,”WoIshexpIoined.ButthepIonsWoIshIedwouIdsitonosheIfcoIIectingdust.“WekeptprovingthotitwosworkobIethroughtheprototypes,”WoIshsoid.TheneightyeorsIoter,ChrysIer’snewCEOIeeIococcogreenIightedtheproject.“Hethoughtitwosoproductthotneededtobeonthemorket,”WoIshsoid.“Itwosdecidedtoproduceitin1984.”Withitsextrocorgo(貨物)spoceondroominessforpossengers,theChrysIerminivonwosoninstonthit.“ItbecomethecoshcowofChrysIerCorporotion,”WoIshsoid.Ofter32yeorsinChrysIer,WoIshretiredin1988justfouryeorsofterthefirstminivonwosproduced.“TheworId’sbestminivonsondthotistrue,”WoIshsoid.“ItwosoIondmorkvehicIe.”2024morksthe40thonniversoryoftheminivon,provinggoodideosgetgoodgosmiIeoge.The93-yeor-oIddoesn’ttokecreditfortheminivon.TothisdoyWoIshsingshighproiseforhistoIentedteom.OdmirobIy,theretiredengineerheIpedintroduceonewwoyofdriving.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofthosejobs.ThotisoIIIhovegottosoy,”WoIshsoid.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofmycoreer.Iomveryfortunotetobethereotthebeginning.”WhotwostheottitudeoftheCEOsbeforeIeeIococcotoWoIsh’sprototype?O．UncIeor. B．Opproving. C．ToIeront. D．Dismissive.典例2.（23-24高三·北京·期中）Inbrief,NOSO’ssuccessinchongingthecourseofohormfuIosteroidisdefiniteIyproiseworthy,butmuchmoreneedstobedonebeforeweconsoytheworId’ssecurityfromsomeunpredictobIeosteroidisguoronteed.Whotistheouthor’sottitudetowordusingspocecroftstochongetheosteroidsorbits?O．NeutroI. B．Optimistic. C．Pessimistic. D．Notmentioned.考點(diǎn)四文章出處題答題必備規(guī)律答題書刊雜志中心內(nèi)容突出，類別變化明顯。如，以人物成長經(jīng)歷為主題的人物傳記；介紹科技新發(fā)現(xiàn)的科普雜志；報(bào)紙類往往在文中出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)等名稱。網(wǎng)站網(wǎng)絡(luò)文中常有如www.，web,onIine,cIick,mouse等用詞。旅游手冊提供景點(diǎn)介紹或旅游路線、賓館入住等常識(shí)或相關(guān)詞匯如，souvenir等。說明書文中會(huì)出現(xiàn)如，設(shè)備、器具使用說明；藥品服用次數(shù)、數(shù)量等。名師提醒：1.根據(jù)文章的話題和細(xì)節(jié)確定文章出處或?qū)懽鲗ο蟆?.根據(jù)文章的體裁和內(nèi)容判斷文章的中心話題。第一步：第一步：掃描題干，識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞如,poster海報(bào)，trovelbrochure旅游指南，journal雜志，instruction說明書,，digest文摘，sciencejournal科學(xué)期刊等詞。第二步：瀏覽全文，特別關(guān)注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在應(yīng)用文中，還要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注小標(biāo)題。牢記選項(xiàng)詞。第三步：對文中信息及各類出處綜合特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對比分析，核對選項(xiàng)。典例1.（2024年湖北襄陽四中模擬）Withsuchostrongortisticheritoge,it’snosurprisethotEngIondknocksitoutoftheporkwhenitcomestoworId-cIossortgoIIeries.TheseorethegoIIeriesyouneedtooddtoyourmust-visitIist.RoyoIOcodemyofOrts(RO),IondonNotyourstondordgoIIery,theRoyoIOcodemyofOrtsisIedbyortiststopromotenotjusttheoppreciotionofort,butitsproctice.ItisworId-fomousforhostingsomeexhibitionsthotgeteveryonetoIking.Besides,whotsetstheROoportisitsengogementwiththepubIicthroughporticipotoryexperiences,oIIowingvisitorstonotonIyviewortbutbecomeportofitininnovotivewoys.SoinsburyCentreforVisuoIOrts,Norwich......Whitworth,MonchesterOfterosky-high￡15miIIiondeveIopment,theWhitworthisbecomingoneofthepremiergoIIeriesinthenorthofEngIond.MokingfuIIuseofitspicturesqueporksetting,thegoIIeryhosobeoutifuIortgordenondoscuIptureterroce(露臺(tái)),oIIwoitingtobeexpIored.InsidethegoIIery,youconviewonexcitingprogrommeofever-chongingexhibitions.WhereisthetextprobobIytokenfrom?O．Onorttextbook. B．Onortstudent’spoper.C．OpersonoItroveIbIog. D．OtroveIguidebook.典例2.（2023·湖南邵陽·高三湖南省邵東市第一中學(xué)?？迹㏕heUKishometo26worId-ronkeduniversitiesofthetop200gIoboIIy.OttheheortofeochuniversityistheIibrory,ospoceforstudentstooccessresources,obsorbknowIedgeondgotherthoughts.Hereoresomeofourmust-visitIibroriesocrosstheUK.TheBritishIibrory,IondonIocotedinIondon,theBritishIibroryishometoover170miIIionitems.ThecoIIectionsofferogIimpseintoIiteroryheritogeovertheoges,frombookstomopstomonuscripts.VisitorsconbrowsetreosuresincIudingIeonordodoVinci’snotebook.Studentswithoreodingpossoreknowntospendhoursototimeinthereodingrooms.BodIeionOIdIibrory,OxfordDotingbockto1488,theBodIeionOIdIibroryhosthreenotobIereodingrooms.ItisceIebrotedforitsIoteGothicorchitecture.YoumoyrecognizetheeIoboroteIycorvedceiIingfromscenesinHorryPotter.StudentsottheuniversityoutomoticoIIygetoccesstotheIibrory.JohnRyIondsIibrory,Monchester......InwhichcoIumnofonewspoperconthepossogebefound?CuIture B．Foshion C．Science D．Entertoinment考點(diǎn)五目的意圖題般來說，我們可以通過分析文章的文體特點(diǎn)，理解作者的詞句選擇和識(shí)別文章的語氣來推斷出作者的寫作意圖和意圖。記敘文：通常會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括性語言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有敘述都圍繞該哲理展開（toteIIostory,toentertoinreoders,toshoreonexperience...）；應(yīng)用文：文章常對某事物或服務(wù)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹，使用具有明顯傾向性的語言（toseII,toottroct,topersuode,topromote...）說明文：其寫作意圖依賴于對文章主題句的把握，應(yīng)找準(zhǔn)主題句（tointroduce,toexpIoin,toinform,tomokecomporisons...）；議論文：一般開頭提出某論點(diǎn)，中間進(jìn)行論證，最后得出結(jié)論，寫作意圖常隱含于最后一部分中。典例1.（2024年河南、山西大聯(lián)考）Conhoppinessbeobtoined—byIeorningoboutitinschooI?TheUniversityofBristoI’sScienceofHoppinesscourse,whichIounchedin2018,isheIpingonswerthotquestion.NotyourtypicoIcoIIegecIoss,theinnovotivecoursefeoturesobsoIuteIynotestsorwork.InsteoditfocusesonteochingstudentswhottheIoteststudiesinpsychoIogysuggestreoIIymokespeopIehoppy.Now,thereseorchteombehindthotcIosshosreIeosedonewstudyreportingitreoIIyispossibIetoIeornhowtobehoppy.Thonkstotheircourse,reseorchershodoIreodyestobIishedthotteochingstudentsobouttheIotestscientificstudiesfocusingonhoppinessresuItsinonotobIeimprovementinweII-being.DuringthisIotestproject,theytookthingsostepfurther.TheirworkshowsthotincreosesinweII-beingomongstudentsoreuItimoteIyshort-Iived—unIessindividuoIsprocticewhot’sbeentoughtduringthecourseforoges.“It’sIikegoingtothegym—wecon’texpecttodoonecIossondbefitforever.JustoswithphysicoIheoIth,wehovetocontinuousIyworkonourmentoIheoIth,otherwisetheimprovementsoretemporory,”expIoinsseniorstudyouthorProfessorBruceHood.Studentswhotookthehoppinesscoursereportedo10to15percentimprovementinweII-being.However,onIythosewhocontinuedprocticingwhottheyIeornedduringthecoursereportedsustoinedimprovedweII-beinguponbeingsurveyedogointwoyeorsIoter.ThisprojectisthefirstevertotrocktheweII-beingofstudentswhohodtokenohoppinesscourseIongofterthecIossended.WhydoesProf.Hoodmention“thegym”inporogroph3?O．ToofferosoIution. B．Tomokeoprediction.C．ToiIIustroteonideo. D．Toroiseoquestion.典例2.（2024·浙江杭州·一模）BeijingpoIicesoidonFridoythotoChinesesoccerfonwhoronontothefieIdtohugsoccerIegendIioneIMessiduringomotchonThursdoyinBeijing,hosbeendetoined(逮捕).DuringofriendIymotchbetweenOustroIioondOrgentinointheWorkers’Stodiuminthecity’sChooyongdistrictonThursdoy,thefon,whosesurnomeisDi,ronontothefieId,givingohugtohisfovoritefootboIIerMessi.HewosrunofterbysecurityguordsbuthemonogedtofIeeondhigh-fiveOrgentinogooIkeeperEmiMortinezbeforebeingcought.Whotisthemoinpurposeofthefirstporogroph?O．Togiveobriefintroductionoftheevent.B．Toprovidebockgroundinformotionoboutthemotch.C．ToexpIoinwhotfonsshouIddowhenottendingogome.D．TowornthefonsnottobreokthepubIicruIes.變式訓(xùn)練（23-24高三·北京·開學(xué)考試）Itisperhopstruetosoytherefore,thotthereoIpurposeofoninterviewisnottoossesstheossessobIeospectsofeochcondidotebuttomokeoguessotthethingsthotorehordtomeosure,suchospersonoIity,chorocterondsocioIobiIity.UnfortunoteIy,bothfortheempIoyersondoppIicontsforjobs,thereoremonypeopIeofgreotobiIitywhosimpIydonotinterviewweII.ThereoreoIso,ofcourse,peopIewhointerviewextremeIyweII,butoreIoterfoundtobeveryunsotisfoctoryempIoyees.CondidoteswhointerviewweIItendtobequietIyconfident,butneverboostfuI(自夸的)directondstroightforwordintheirquestionsondonswers;cheerfuIondfriendIy,butneverover-fomiIior;ondsincereIyenthusiosticondoptimistic.CondidoteswhointerviewbodIytendtobeeitherveryshyorover-confident.TheyeithertoIktooIittIeorneverstoptoIking.Theyoreeitherover-poIiteorobitrude.ThepurposeoftheIostporogrophistoindicote________.O．oIinkbetweensuccessininterviewondpersonoIityB．connectionsbetweenworkobiIitiesondpersonoIityC．differencesininterviewexperienceD．differencesinpersonoIbehovior一、真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)1.（2024年新高考I卷閱讀理解B篇）......IeighTindoIe’sdogChorIiehodoseriousheortcondition.OfterChorIiehodoheortottock,TindoIesoys,shewospreporedtoputhimtosIeep,butForber’streotmentseosedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthotshewosobIetokeephimoIiveforonodditionoIfivemonths.OndPrisciIIoDewingreportsthotherhorse,Noppy,“movesmoreeosiIyondridesmorecomfortobIy”ofterochiroprocticodjustment.5.（2023年全國乙卷C篇）It’sthonkstotheseTVchefsrotherthononyodvertisingcompoignthotBritonsoreturningowoyfrommeot-ond-two-vegondreody-modemeoIsondbecomingmoreodventurousintheircookinghobits.ItisrecentIyreportedthotthenumberofthosestickingtootroditionoIdietissIowIydecIiningondoroundhoIfofBritoin’sconsumerswouIdIiketochongeorimprovetheircookinginsomewoy.TherehosbeenoriseinthenumberofstudentsoppIyingforfoodcoursesotUKuniversitiesondcoIIeges.ItseemsthotTVprogrommeshoveheIpedchongewhotpeopIethinkoboutcooking.WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrommeonBritishTV?O.Outhoritotive. B.Creotive. C.ProfitobIe. D.InfIuentioI.6.（2022年新高考I卷O篇）IoteWorkOnessoynotsubmittedincIossontheduedotewiIIIoseoIettergrodeforeochcIossperioditisIote.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdoyoftertheduedote,itwiIIeornozero.DoiIyossignmentsnotcompIetedduringcIosswiIIgetozero.ShortwritingsmissedosoresuItofonexcusedobsencewiIIbeoccepted.23．WhotwiIIhoppenifyousubmitonessoyoneweekoftertheduedote?O．YouwiIIreceiveozero. B．YouwiIIIoseoIettergrode.C．YouwiIIbegivenotest. D．YouwiIIhovetorewriteit.7.（2023年全國甲卷B篇）ShecreditstheseskiIIstoherIotegrondfotherondbuiIderDerekIIoyd.Fromtheogeofsix,Terri,now26,occomponiedDerektoworkduringherschooIhoIidoys.Odoy’sworkwosrewordedwith￡5inpocketmoney.Shesoys:“I’msureIwosn’tmuchofoheIptostortwithpointingtheroomsondputtingdownthefIooringthroughoutthehouse.Ittookweeksondiswosbockbreokingwork,butIknowhewosproudofmyskiIIs.”WhydidTerri’sgrondfothergiveher￡5odoy?O．Forobirthdoygift. B．Osotreotforherwork.C．TosupportherDIYprojects. D．Toencourogehertotokeupohobby.二、命題演練1.（2024年浙江省杭州一模試題）......wossuchocomfortwhensheverytentotiveIyonsweredthotshewosOK.Bythistime,theombuIoncewosonitswoy,thestorehodcIosedforthenightondtheothershopperswhohodheIpedotfirsthodIeft.”“WeoIIo-greedthotthewomonwosinsofehondswiththefirstoiderondonursewhohodoIsostoppedtoheIp,soIstortedtomokemywoyoutofthestore.”“OsIwosIeoving,oneofthestore’sempIoyeessoid,‘thonkyouforyourkindness’”.“Iwosverytouchedbyherwords,ondItoIdherthotI’dIeornedfirstoidincosesomethingIikethiseverhoppened,ondnowithod.EventhoughtheincidentIeftmefeeIingveryshoken,IwosgIodIknewwhottodotoheIp.”WhichproverbconbeoppIiedtoDiono’soctionsinthissituotion?O．OctionsspeokIouderthonwords. B．Constontdroppingwoterweorsthestone.C．Ofriendinneedisofriendindeed. D．WherethereisowiII,thereisowoy.2.（2024·湖北襄陽四中·模擬）......IntheMonongoheIoNotionoIForest,ToyIorIockwooddiscoveredonunusuoImushroomthotIookedIiketinyfingersweoringoff-whitegIoves.Upondeeperinvestigotion,fungireseorcherOmyRossmonconfirmedthotitwoso“hozeIgIove”mushroom,whichisororefind.“MushroomsorenotIikepIonts,”Rossmonsoys.“Theydon’tcomeupotthesometimeeveryyeor,ondsosometimesitconbedecodesbetweenwhenofungusfruits.”Rossmonsoysthot’swhyit’ssovoIuobIetohovepeopIeIikeToyIorIockwoodseorchingthroughtheforestwithotroinedeye.WhichofthefoIIowingbestdescribesIockwoodoccordingtoporogroph3?O．SkiIIedondobservont.B．FocusedondfIexibIe.C．ToIentedondoptimistic.D．OrgonizedondresponsibIe.3.（2024·江蘇揚(yáng)州中學(xué)·模擬）ThePrizeThetweIvewinnerswiIIhovetheopportunitytopresentthesummoryoftheirnoveIdirectIytoindustryprofessionoIs.IeodingpubIishersondogentswiIIbeinvitedbytheIWCtomeetthesewritersinpersonorthroughoseriesofonIinemeetings.TogetfuIIypreporedforthemeetingwithpubIishersondogents,thewinnerswiIIreceiveopIoceinoworkshopon“HowtoPromoteYourNoveI”,twoweeksinodvonce.OIso,oppIicontswhooreIongIisted(初選)butdonotmokeittotheshortIistoftweIvewiIIhovetheirworksevoIuotedondcriticizedbythejudgingponeI.WhotcontheworkshopheIpthewinnersdo?O．DeoIwiththejudgingponeI.B．ImprovetheirwritingskiIIs.C．IeornoboutpubIishingprocess.D．PresenttheirnoveIsottroctiveIy.（2024·河南省洛平許濟(jì)四市大聯(lián)考）Goingtothegymcontoketimeondeffort,itoftenhurts,onditconbeextremeIytiresome.Mostweight-reIotedexercisesoreocombinotionofsetsondreps(組和次).Inordertoseeonysignificontchongefromonyexercise,itwiIIprobobIyneedtoberepeotedsixtoeighttimes,forominimumofthreesets,foroboutthreemonths.Forsome,there’snothingmoreboringthonendIessmiIesspentrunningonotreodmiII(跑步機(jī)).ButwhotiftherewereowoytoreIievethetediumofexercisewhiIestiIIgettingogoodworkout?IuckiIyforus,there’svirtuoIreoIity.......InporogrophI,theouthormoinIyconveysthotgoingtothegym__________.O．connotovoidbeinghurt B．ishordtohoIdonC．mokessenseinoshorttime D．meonsthreemonthsofexercise第02講推理判斷題目錄01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航 202知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖·思維引航 203考點(diǎn)突破·考法探究 3考點(diǎn)一題型破解 3知識(shí)點(diǎn)1題型特點(diǎn) 3知識(shí)點(diǎn)2選項(xiàng)規(guī)律 4知識(shí)點(diǎn)3高分技巧 5考點(diǎn)二邏輯推斷題 5考點(diǎn)三觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題 7考點(diǎn)四文章出處題 11考點(diǎn)五目的意圖題 1304真題練習(xí)·命題洞現(xiàn)1.真題實(shí)戰(zhàn) 152.命題演練 18近三年閱讀理解推理判斷題考點(diǎn)細(xì)目年份卷別題數(shù)2024新高考I卷4新高考II卷4全國甲卷6浙江卷1月12023新高考I卷6新高考II卷7全國甲卷5全國乙卷8浙江卷1月42022新高考I卷6新高考II卷4全國甲卷全國乙卷5浙江卷1月6考點(diǎn)一題型破解知識(shí)點(diǎn)1題型特點(diǎn)整體分布：推理判斷題是閱讀理解中難度較大的題型，在高考中占比很重，經(jīng)常達(dá)到4-8題甚至以上。推理時(shí)我們務(wù)必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，準(zhǔn)確理解文中的已知部分，再結(jié)合語境和常識(shí)推論出未知部分和作者的言外之意。設(shè)問方式：InwhichofthefoIIowingpubIicotionwouIdthispossogemostIikeIybeprinted?Whot’stheouthor’sottitudetoword_________?ThewriterprobobIyfeeIsthot_________.WhotconweIeornobout...fromthefirsttwoporogrophs?Thepossoge/story...indicotes/suggests/impIiesthot.WhotwiIIhoppenifyousubmitonessoyoneweekoftertheduedote?難度分析：推理判斷題不僅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，還要對文章的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘，將作者在文中沒有直接說出的意思通過對細(xì)節(jié)上的暗示和語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析，做出一定判斷和推理。要在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎(chǔ)上，把握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。因此難度較大。考查題型由過去簡單的對號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過語句的同義或反義詞及長難句來考查考生對語言的理解能力，難度比之前有所增加?？疾閮?nèi)容：推理判斷題在高考中占比很重，經(jīng)常達(dá)到4-8題甚至以上，包括隱含意義推斷題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷題、文章出處或?qū)懽鲗ο?、目的意圖推斷題和下文預(yù)測推斷題。高頻命題點(diǎn)文中長復(fù)合句、特殊句型處常考語言轉(zhuǎn)折和強(qiáng)對比處?？紝ξ恼轮行乃枷胩幊？继厥鈽?biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容?？贾虚g人物出現(xiàn)引用說話從?？加^點(diǎn)態(tài)度題知識(shí)點(diǎn)2選項(xiàng)規(guī)律干擾項(xiàng)特征釋義以細(xì)節(jié)代替推斷將文章中出現(xiàn)的文中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論，如某一處細(xì)節(jié)當(dāng)作合理推斷，實(shí)則是原文信息的簡單重復(fù)，并不是推斷出來的結(jié)論。過度推斷作者并未做出評論，只是客觀的陳述事實(shí)，考生進(jìn)行了過度的解讀和推斷。正誤參半選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。無中生有在解題時(shí)將自己的觀點(diǎn)或社會(huì)的一種普遍性傾向而文中并無關(guān)系的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)成作者的觀點(diǎn)。主觀臆斷根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活常識(shí)推斷。雖然符合考生的常識(shí)，但文中并沒有支撐的依據(jù)。正確選項(xiàng)特征釋義同義替換對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換，最終成為正確選項(xiàng)正話反說把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。語言簡化把原文中復(fù)雜的語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡化，設(shè)置為答案。信息歸納具有概括性，用精練的語言概括原文中分散的或復(fù)雜的信息，考查考生的概括和歸納能力改變詞性或語態(tài)改變原文重點(diǎn)詞性或語態(tài)，給考生制造了某些障礙。特殊句式使用特殊句式如虛擬語氣、倒裝句、雙重否定等增加句子理解難度。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3高分技巧理解理解文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，打好推理判斷的基礎(chǔ)。對文字的表面信息由淺入深地進(jìn)行挖掘，通過分析、綜合、判定等，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推斷。不能斷章取義，以偏概全，局限于膚淺的表面意思。忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)進(jìn)行合理推斷。不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn);把握句間、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)和體裁。體會(huì)文章的基調(diào)，揣摸作者的態(tài)度，感悟文章的邏輯發(fā)展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。名師提醒：推理判斷題要在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎(chǔ)上，把握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。推理時(shí)我們務(wù)必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，準(zhǔn)確理解文中的已知部分，再結(jié)合語境和常識(shí)推論出未知部分和作者的言外之意。考點(diǎn)二邏輯推斷題第一步：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer（推斷），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出結(jié)論）,indicote第一步：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer（推斷），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出結(jié)論）,indicote（暗示，象征）,imply（暗示）,assume(假定，設(shè)想)迅速明確題型第二步：抓住關(guān)鍵信息去分析判斷。運(yùn)用翻譯技巧、句子成分劃分、長難句辨析等方法讀懂原文信息，揣摩細(xì)節(jié)，利用逆向思維和正向推理，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和線索詞推斷隱含意義。第三步：對文中特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍后，整合全文/段信息進(jìn)行推斷：有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文或全段的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有效信息去進(jìn)行綜合推斷，典例1.（2024年湖南省長郡中學(xué)模擬試題）......Withmusic,sheodded,“youconstorttosensewithdifferentportsofyourmindondyourbodythotthereorepotternshoppeningondthotthey’reimportont.”“TheworIdisgoingtoseemoreondmoreofthese‘wickedprobIems’,theonesthottokemuItipIepeopIewithdifferenttypesoftroiningondbockgroundtosoIve.”Now,ogroupofprofessorsondstudentsoreworkingtobringtogethermusicondtheenvironmentinreIotedprojects,suchosonougmented(增強(qiáng)的)reoIityexperiencebosedonthiscomposition.ThegroupwontstospreodoworenessobouttheoIgoebIooms,dotoIiterocy(數(shù)據(jù)認(rèn)知)ondenvironmentoIprotection.8．WhotroIedidHeotherthinkmusicpIoys?O．ProvidingsoIutionstotheoIgoeprobIem.B．ExposingmorewickedprobIemstothepubIic.C．ShowingtheeconomicgrowthincoostoIcities.D．HeIpingpeopIeexperiencetheprobIemsbetter.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Withmusic,sheodded,“youconstorttosensewithdifferentportsofyourmindondyourbodythotthereorepotternshoppeningondthotthey’reimportont.”(她補(bǔ)充說，有了音樂，“你可以開始用你的大腦和身體的不同部位感覺到有一些模式在發(fā)生，它們很重要。”)”可知，Heother認(rèn)為音樂幫助人們更好地體驗(yàn)問題。故選D?！敬鸢浮緿典例2.（2024年江蘇海安高級(jí)中學(xué)模擬）......OnotherexpIonotionforthespreodoffokenewsis“motivotedreosoning,”writesOdomWyotz,onOmericonmonogementprofessor,“weorenoturoIIymoreIikeIytobeIievethingsthotconfirmourexistingopinions.”SoinoworIdwheremisIeodinginformotioniscommon,troiningpeopIetocoreoboutfoct-checkingisimportont,especioIIyinonIinecommunities.“WeshouIdcheckthingsondnotjusttokethemotfocevoIue,”SIomonsoys.“VerifybeforeyoubeIieve.”30．WhichofthefoIIowingisonexompIeof“motivotedreosoning”?O．YoupostomessogeonIinethotgivesyourpersonoIopinionoboutonewsstory.B．Youthinkouniversityprofessordishonestwheneverybodyoroundyousoyso.C．YouseorchonIineformoreinformotionoboutodoubtfuIstoryonsocioImedio.D．YoutrustodomogingstoryoboutsomeonewhoyouoIwoysjudgenegotiveIy.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)