語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題11 there be句型和介詞

語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題11therebe句型和介詞一、Therebe句型1.構(gòu)成Therebe句型表示的是“某處有/存在某人或某物”，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“Therebe(is，are)＋名詞＋地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)”。Thereareforty-twostudentsinourclass.我們班有42名同學(xué)。Thereisapencilinmypencil-box.我的鉛筆盒里有一支鉛筆。2.各種句式(1)否定句：Therebe＋not＋名詞＋地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。其中not也可以用no表示。即：no＋名詞＝nota/an/any＋名詞。她的包里有個(gè)橘子。Thereisanorangeinherbag.→Thereisnoorangeinherbag.＝Thereisn’tany/anorangeinherbag.樹(shù)上有幾只鳥(niǎo)。Therearesomebirdsinthetree.→Therearenobirdsinthetree.＝Therearen’tanybirdsinthetree.(2)一般疑問(wèn)句：Bethere＋名詞＋地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)？回答：Yes,therebe./No,therbe＋not.她的手提包里有點(diǎn)錢(qián)。Thereissomemoneyinherhandbag.—Isthereanymoneyinherhandbag?—Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.【留意】確定句變?yōu)榉穸ň浠蛞话阋蓡?wèn)句時(shí)，句中的some應(yīng)改為any。(3)特殊疑問(wèn)句：①對(duì)Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)：當(dāng)對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的量提問(wèn)時(shí)用：Howmany＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋arethere＋地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)？當(dāng)對(duì)不行數(shù)名詞的量提問(wèn)時(shí)用：Howmuch＋不行數(shù)名詞＋isthere＋地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)？這條街上有40個(gè)商店。Therearefortyshopsonthisstreet.→Howmanyshopsarethereonthisstreet?樹(shù)上有一只鳥(niǎo)。Thereisabirdinthetree.→Howmanybirdsarethereinthetree?桌子上有一些面包。Thereissomebreadonthetable.→Howmuchbreadisthereonthetable?②對(duì)Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞提問(wèn)時(shí)用：指物：Whatis＋地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)？指人：Whois＋地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)？課桌上有很多書(shū)。Therearemanybooksonthedesk.→What’sonthedesk?房間里有三個(gè)男孩兒。Therearethreeboysintheroom.→Whoisintheroom?3.用法(1)Therebe句型中，be動(dòng)詞的形式要和其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持全都。Thereisabasketballinthebox.盒子里有一個(gè)籃球。Therearemanypeopleinthehall.大廳里有很多人。(2)假如有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞作主語(yǔ)，be動(dòng)詞要和最靠近它的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持全都，也就是我們常說(shuō)的“就近原則”。Thereisanappleandsomebananasinthebasket.籃子里有一個(gè)蘋(píng)果和一些香蕉。Therearesomebananasandanappleinthebasket.籃子里有一些香蕉和一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。4.therebe與have的區(qū)分(1)therebe句型表示“有”時(shí)，側(cè)重于客觀，表示“某處有/存在某人或某物”，此時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)此物歸誰(shuí)全部。(2)have表示“有”時(shí)，側(cè)重于主觀，表示“某人擁有某物”，此時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“所屬關(guān)系”，主語(yǔ)多是人。(3)二者有時(shí)可以通用，表示“某物本身?yè)碛小?。Theroomhastendesks.＝Therearetendesksintheclassroom.教室里有十張桌子。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)需要留意的問(wèn)題：therebe句型表示有某人或某物。其構(gòu)成是：Therebe＋人或物＋地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(常由介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成).【考向一】therebe句型的主語(yǔ)通常在be之后。假如句子的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不行數(shù)名詞，be用is；假如句子主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，be用are。Thereissomemilkinthebottle.瓶子里有些奶。Therearesomepencilsinmypencilbox.我的鉛筆盒里有些鉛筆?！镜淅縏here________acardontheteacher’sdeskfiveminutesago,butnowitisgone.A.have B.is C.was【考向二】therebe的疑問(wèn)句式要把be提到there前，確定回答為“Yes,thereis/are.”，否定回答為“No,thereisn’t/aren’t.”。留意不要用“Yes,itis/theyare.”或“No,itisn’t/theyaren’t.”來(lái)回答?！狝rethereanyflowersinyourschool?你們學(xué)校里有一些花嗎？—Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.是的，有。/不，沒(méi)有?！狪sthereabagonthechair?椅子上有個(gè)包嗎？—Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.是的，有。/不，沒(méi)有。【典例】1.—________thereanylivingthingsonotherplanets?—Ihavenoidea.Maybewecanknowmoreaboutthatinthefuture.A.Is B.AreC.Has D.Have2.—Isthereawatermelononthetable?—________A.Yes,thereis. B.Yes,itis.C.No,thereis. D.No,itisn’t.【考向三】therebe的否定句式是在be后面加not，isnot可縮寫(xiě)為isn’t；arenot可縮寫(xiě)為aren’t。Therearesomegirlsinthephoto.那張照片中有些女孩。Therearen’tanygirlsinthephoto.(否定句)那張照片中沒(méi)有女孩?！镜淅俊猈eorderedbeefnoodles,but________anybeefinthenoodles.—Putonyourglassesandyoucanseethebeef.A.thereisn’t B.thereisC.therearen’t D.thereare【考向四】therebe后跟兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主語(yǔ)時(shí)，be的數(shù)要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持全都，即“就近原則”。表示場(chǎng)所、方向的介詞（1）表示場(chǎng)所的介詞：at,in,on,under,by,near,between,around,opposite（2）表示方向的介詞：into,outof,along,across,through,up,past①at,inat在某地（表示比較狹窄的場(chǎng)所）atschool上學(xué) athome在家standatthedoor站在門(mén)邊 atafactory在一家工廠atthebottomof在……下面 attheparty在聚會(huì)上attheendof在……末尾 atthetable在桌旁atthestation在火車(chē)站 atthecrossroads在十字路口atwork在上班 atthebusstop在公共汽車(chē)站?I’llmeethimattheBeijingrailwaystation.我將去北京站接他。in在某地（表示比較寬敞的場(chǎng)所）inBeijing在北京 intheworld在世界上 inthehouse在房子里?Hisbrotherisinprisonandwasarrested2yearsago.他哥哥兩年前被捕現(xiàn)在在監(jiān)獄中服刑。?ShewasborninChina.她是在中國(guó)誕生的。②on,above,over,under,belowon在……上面，有接觸面。onthedesk在桌子上面；onthemap在地圖上。on在……靠近……的地方ontheright在右邊 onthescreen在屏幕上 ontheriver在河邊 onthefarm在農(nóng)場(chǎng)onthefloor在地板上 ontheisland/beach在島上/海濱 onthepavement在人行道上above在……上方?Ourplaneflewabovetheclouds.我們的飛機(jī)在云端上飛行。over在……正上方，是under的反義詞?ThereisalightoverLiMing.李明的正上方有一盞燈。?Afewbirdswereflyingoverthesea.有幾只鳥(niǎo)在海上飛。?under在……下面；在……之內(nèi)underthetable桌子下面 underthejacket在夾克內(nèi)?Thedogisunderthetable.這只狗在桌子下面。below在……下方（不肯定是正下方）正下方是under，below是above的反義詞。?Therearealotoffishesbelowthesurfaceofthewater.水面下有很多各式各樣的魚(yú)。③near,bynear近的，不遠(yuǎn)的near=notfar，是far的反義詞。near還可以指時(shí)間。inthenearfuture在不久的將來(lái)?Isthereabusstopnearhere?這兒四周有公共汽車(chē)站嗎？by在……旁邊，距離比near要近bythewindow在窗戶旁邊 byme在我旁邊?Theboyisstandingbythewindow.這個(gè)男孩正站在窗戶旁邊。④between,among,aroundbetween在兩者之間?MyteacherissittingbetweenTomandMike.我們的老師正坐在湯姆和邁克之間。?What’sthedifferencebetweenAandB?A和B之間有什么區(qū)分？among在三者或更多的之中?Thereisabeautifulhouseamongthetrees.在樹(shù)林之中有一間秀麗的房子。?Heisverypopularamongthestudents.他在同學(xué)之中很受歡迎（很出名）。around環(huán)繞，在……四周，在……四周?Wesataroundthetable.我們?cè)谧雷铀闹茏聛?lái)。?Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。⑤infrontof，behind，oppositeinfrontof早……的前面；在……的前部?Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.?Thereisabigdeskfortheteacherinthefrontoftheclassroom.在教室的前部有一張大講桌。behind在……后面behind是infrontof的反義詞?Thereisatreebehindmyhouse.我家房子后面有一顆樹(shù)。?Thereisatreeatthebackofmyhouse.我家房子后面有一棵樹(shù)。opposite在……對(duì)面?Ourschoolisoppositeauniversity,我們學(xué)校在一所高校的對(duì)面。?Hestoodoppositeme.他站在我對(duì)面。⑥in,into,outof,upin在……之內(nèi)，用于表示靜止的位置?Thestudentsareintheclassroom.同學(xué)們?cè)诮淌依铩nto進(jìn)入用于表有特定終點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向。通常用于表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞之后,如go,come,walk,run等。?Thestudentsrunintotheclassroom.同學(xué)們跑進(jìn)教室。?Hejumpedintothewater.他跳入水中。outof和into一樣，也表示有肯定的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向?Thestudentsrushedoutoftheroom.同學(xué)們沖出房間。outof的基本含義：從……到外面，離開(kāi)；在……范圍之外；從（某個(gè)數(shù)）之中up移動(dòng)?Thechildrenclimbedupthetree.孩子們爬上了樹(shù)。⑦along,across,past,throughalong沿著?Iwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenitbegantorain.我正沿著河邊閑逛?????，突然下起雨來(lái)了。across橫過(guò)?Ioftenswimacrosstheriver.我常游泳橫渡這條河。past經(jīng)過(guò)?Everydayherunspastthecityhall.他每天跑步經(jīng)過(guò)市政府。through貫穿，通過(guò)?Thesunshonethroughtheclouds.陽(yáng)光穿過(guò)云層照射下來(lái)。?Theriverwasthroughthecity.這條河穿過(guò)這個(gè)城市。⑧to,from,for單詞含義例句to到達(dá)……地點(diǎn)（目的地）或方向HecametoJapanin1980.他1980年來(lái)到日本。from從……地點(diǎn)起leaverfor動(dòng)身去……startfor動(dòng)身去……IwillleaveforAmericanextweek.下周我將動(dòng)身去美國(guó)。for表示目的地，＂向……＂for表目的時(shí)，一般都是和固定動(dòng)詞搭配。It’sabouttenminutes’walkfromheretothecinema.從這兒到電影院大約需步行格外鐘。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Thereisablackboard_________thewall.A．in B．a(chǎn)t C．on D．behind2．Wewanttobuild(建筑)anothernewGreatGreenWall________thenorthernpartofChina.A．a(chǎn)mong B．a(chǎn)crossC．through D．between3．Iusuallysit________theclassroom,sothatIcanheartheteacherwholikestostand________theclassclearly.A．infrontof;inthefrontof B．inthefrontof;infrontofC．infrontof;infrontof D．inthefrontof;inthefrontof4．Ihaveadictionary.It’s________thecomputerandthewall.A．behind B．betweenC．before D．under5．Lilyissonervousthatshecan’ttalk________theclass.A．behind B．nextto C．infrontof D．beside6．—Excuseme,isthereabanknearhere?

—No,________.ButyoucanfindoneinYangFangRoad.A．thereisn’t B．itisn’t C．thereis7．—What’sonthetable?—________somebreadonit.A．Thereis B．Thereare C．Theyare8．—Look!Ablindmanisinthemiddleofthestreet.It’stoodangerous.

—Let’shelphimgo________thestreet.A．cross B．through C．a(chǎn)cross9．WhileIamstanding________thewindow,Iseesomeboysrunning________thestreet.A．by;along B．on;at C．in;on D．to;in10．Remembertospendsometime________yourfamily.A．from B．with C．in D．on11．—Guess,howmuchisit?—Ithinkitis________15and20dollars.A．from B．between C．a(chǎn)mong D．with12．There________twoclothesstoresandapolicestationinourneighborhood.A．is B．has C．a(chǎn)re D．have13．Canyouseethebuilding________thebank?A．next B．over C．a(chǎn)cross D．opposite14．Arivergoes________thevillageandmakesitintotwoparts.A．over B．under C．a(chǎn)cross D．through15．—Whatcanyousee,Maria?—Icanseeacar________thehouseandaboyissitting________it.A．infrontof;infrontof B．infrontof;inthefrontof C．inthefrontof;infrontof16．Thetwoboyshelpedtheoldmango________thestreetjustnow.A．a(chǎn)bove B．over C．through D．a(chǎn)cross17．A:Thereisatree________ofourclassroom.B:Yes,itisbig.Look!Thereisabird________it.A．infront;on B．inthefront;on C．infront;in D．inthefront;in18．Thesupermarketisacross________thepark.A．to B．in C．from D．for19．Walk________thisstreet,andyoucanseeit.A．in B．a(chǎn)long C．on D．near20．—WhatdidSnowWhitedo________suchasnowynight?—Shewalked________thedarkforestalone.A．in;through B．in;across C．on;through D．on;along21．Thereisabigtree________thehouse.A．infrontof B．inthefrontof C．on D．to22．Isthereariver________thehouse?A．to B．of C．in D．behind23．There________afootballmatchbetweenArgentinaandSpainnextweek.A．willhave B．has C．have D．willbe24．Itrytogetintotheroom________thewindowbecauseIcan’topenthedoor.A．cross B．thought C．a(chǎn)cross D．through25．Theyarehavingdinner________thetable________thewindow.A．a(chǎn)t;by B．on;near C．a(chǎn)t;in D．on;by26．Thereisablackboard_______theclassroom.A．infrontof B．in C．behind D．on27．There’saboat__________theriver.A．on B．in C．between D．behind28．Inordertoseethebeautifulsunrise,Iusuallygoforawalk________theriverinthemorning.A．a(chǎn)cross B．in C．a(chǎn)long D．on29．Ilikewalkingmydog________theparkroadafterdinnereveryday.It’sgoodformyhealth.A．a(chǎn)bove B．on C．under D．a(chǎn)long30．Adogissittinginfront________thehouse.A．on B．of C．to D．in31．IlikethispieceofmusicbecauseIcansing________it.A．a(chǎn)longand B．a(chǎn)longwith C．with D．a(chǎn)long32．Mygrandma’spetcatgoes________thewindowandrunsintoherroom.A．a(chǎn)cross B．through C．over D．in33．Theparkis________yourhome.Youcanwalk________there.A．near;to B．farfrom;/ C．near;/ D．close;to34．There________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A．was B．isgoingtohave C．willhave D．isgoingtobe35．Thereisabridge________theriver.Becarefulwhenyou________it.A．a(chǎn)bove;across B．a(chǎn)bove;cross C．over;across D．over;cross36．Boys,thereisabridge________theriver.Becarefulwhenyougo________it.A．a(chǎn)cross;over B．cross;over C．over;cross D．over;across37．—________there________anoperashownextweek?—Yes,thereis.A．Will;be B．Will;have C．Is;goingtohave D．Is;goingtobe38．―________there__________a“helpinghands”meetingthisweekend?―Yes,allthevolunteerswillgotoit.A．Is;goingtohave B．Is;haveC．Is;be D．Is;goingtobe39．—WilltherebeanInternationalFilmFestivalinAugust?—Yes,________.A．thereis B．thereare C．therewill D．therewillbe40．Thereisabridge_________theriver.Becarefulwhenyou_________it.A．over,cross B．over,across C．a(chǎn)cross,over D．cross,over二、完形填空ThamesisthemostimportantriverinGreatBritain.Therearetwenty--seven41overtheriver.TowerBridgehasstoodovertheRiverThamesinLondonsince1894.Itisoneofthe42bridgesofall.43makesTowerBridgesoamazing(令人驚異的)?Whydosomanyvisitorscomingfrom44theworldgotoseeit?ItisbecauseTowerBridgecanopeninthemiddle.Itdoesthistoletbigshipsgo45tothePoolofLondon.ItistheonlybridgeinLondonthatcanberaisedtoallow46topass.Youare47enoughtoseethebridgewithitstwoopeningarmshighintheair.Youcan48thewonderfulviews(景色)oftheriveronit.49itsnorthsidestandstheTowerofLondon.Theylookveryold,andyoumaythinktheyareofthesameage.However,youare50.Thetowerisalmostonethousandyearsold,butTowerBridgeisonlyaboutonehundredyearsold.41．A．theatres B．parks C．stores D．bridges42．A．mostfamous B．largest C．longest D．highest43．A．When B．How C．What D．Where44．A．a(chǎn)llover B．a(chǎn)bove C．a(chǎn)mong D．between45．A．a(chǎn)long B．over C．out D．through46．A．cars B．ships C．planes D．bikes47．A．famous B．rich C．lucky D．old48．A．enjoy B．like C．take D．discover49．A．In B．On C．At D．Of50．A．right B．clever C．wrong D．serious從每小題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。MynameisJulie.Iamtheonlygirloutof51childreninmyfamily.Ihavethreebrothers.Their52arePeter,JackandJames.Thisyearmyfamily53toanewcityandwerentabigapartment.Iliveathomewithmyparentsandthreebrothers.It’sabighouse54thelake（湖）onahill.Weallhaveourownrooms.Look,theroomwithabigwindowis55.Icanseetrees,birdsandflowersfromthe56.Ilikeourhouseverymuch!Mybrothers57likethehouse.Theycan58footballonthehill.Andit’soneoftheirfavorite59todo.Myparentslikethehouse,too.Therearen’tmanypeople60onthehill.Myparentslikequiet（安靜的）andcleanplaces.Wearehappyandhavingagoodtimehere.51．A．two B．three C．four52．A．names B．numbers C．cards53．A．run B．get C．move54．A．in B．on C．near55．A．yours B．mine C．ours56．A．garden B．yard C．window57．A．a(chǎn)lso B．only C．a(chǎn)lways58．A．make B．study C．play59．A．subjects B．ways C．things60．A．learning B．living C．walking三、閱讀理解AOneday,atiredwoman,MrsBrown,comestoseeherdoctor.Shesays,“Doctor,therearealotofdogsoutsidemyhouse.Theybarkalldayandallnight,soIcan’tgetagoodsleep.Canyouhelpme?“

“Ihavegoodnewsforyou.“saysthedoctor,givinghersamepills(藥丸).“Herearesomenewsleepingpillsthatworkverywell.Takeafewoftheseandyourtroublewillbeover.”

“Great.Thankyou.”MrsBrowngoesbackhomewiththepillshappily.

Afewweekslater,thewomancomesagain.Shesays,“Doctor,yourpillsarenotgoodatall.Iamworsethanbefore.”

“Idon’tunderstandhowthatcouldbe.”saysthedoctor,“Thosearethebestpills.”

“Thatmaybetrue,”answersthewoman.“butI’mstillupallnightrunningafterthosedogs.AndwhenIfinallycatchone.It’ssodifficulttogethimtoeatthepills.”61．Mrs.Browngoestoseethedoctorbecause________.A．shewantstokeepalovelydog B．shecan’tfindherdogC．herdogisn’tfine D．shecan’tsleepwell62．Thedoctorsayshehassomegoodnewsbecause________.A．hethinksthesleepingpillswillhelpMrs.BrownB．MrsBrownlooksmuchbetterthanbeforeC．hewilltakeallthedogsawaysoonD．Mrs.Brownbringshimsomenewpills63．Theword“him”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto(指代)“________”.A．thedogthewomancatches B．thewoman’sfriendC．thedoctor D．thewoman’sneighbor64．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．MrsBrownkeepsmanydogsinherhouseB．ThesleepingpillsarenotgoodatallC．Mrs.BrownthinksthepillsareforthedogsD．Mrs.Brownisrunningafterthosedogstodrivethemaway65．AfterhearingMrs,Brown’swords,thedoctormightthink________.A．hispillsarenotsogood B．thedogsare