語言學(xué)導(dǎo)論學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年

語言學(xué)導(dǎo)論學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試章節(jié)答案2024年InSaussure'sview,therelationshipbetweensignifier(soundimage)andsignified(concept)is_______.

（北二外2003）

答案:arbitrary_______studiesmeaninginlanguage,_______isaboutprinciplesofformingandunderstandingcorrectEnglishsentences,and________isconcernedwiththeinternalorganizationofwords.Theyareallamongthemainbranchesoflinguistics.（人大2006研）

答案:semantics;syntax;morphology________studieshowthespeechsoundsaremade,transmitted,andreceived,and_______studiestherulesgoverningthestructure,distributionandsequencingofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsyllables.

（人大2006研）

答案:phonetics;phonologyOurlanguagecanbeusedtotalkaboutitself.Thisisthe________functionoflanguage.

（中山大學(xué)2005研）

答案:metalingualTheterm________originatesfromMalinowski'sstudyofthefunctionsoflanguageperformedbyTrobriandIslanders.Itreferstothesocialinteractionoflanguage.

（中山大學(xué)2006研）

答案:phaticcommunionThefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguagescanbecalled_______features.

（北二外2006）

答案:designBydualityismeantthepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthatunitsofthe_______levelarecomposedofelementsofthe__________levelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.

（北二外2006研）

答案:primary;secondaryHumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresent(intimeandspace)atthemomentofcommunication.Thisqualityislabeledas_______.

（北二外2003研）

答案:displacementHumanlanguageisarbitrary.Thisreferstothefactthatthereisnologicalorintrinsicconnectionbetweenaparticularsoundandthe_______itisassociatedwith.

（人大2007研）

答案:meaningThespeechsoundswehearandproduceduringlinguisticcommunicationsareallphonemes.

答案:錯Auditoryphoneticsstudieshowsoundsareperceivedbythespeaker.

答案:錯Bilabialconsonantisproducedwhentheobstructionispartialandtheairisforcedthroughanarrowpassage.

答案:錯Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintotwocategories:voicedandvoicelessconsonants.

答案:對Thesound[k]canbedescribedwith“voiceless,________,stop”.

答案:velarConsonantarticulationsarerelativelyeasytofeelandasaresultaremostconvenientlydescribedintermsof________andmannerofarticulation.

答案:placeThewords“l(fā)oose”and“books”haveacommonphonemeandacommonmorphemeaswell.

答案:錯Thefreeroot“tain”canbeaddedtootherprefixestoformnewwords,forexample:contain,obtain,retain.

答案:錯Theword“standing”ismadeupoftwoboundmorphemes:“stand”and“ing”.

答案:錯Theword“gentlemanliness”ismadeupof4morphemes,“gentle-man-li-ness”.

答案:對Amorphememustconveyalexicalmeaning.

答案:錯Thewordof"impossibility"containsfourmorphemes.

答案:錯Rootalsofallsintotwocategories:freeandbound.

答案:對Freemorphememayconstitutewordsbythemselves.

答案:對Theword:“carelessness”consistsofafree______“care”,anaffix”less”,andanaffix“ness”.

答案:morphemeAmorphemecanconveytwokindsofmeanings:lexicalmeaningand_______meaning.

答案:grammaticalAffixescanbecalled______morphemes.

答案:boundSomemorphemeslike-ish,-ness,-ly,-dis,trans-,un-areneverwordsbythemselvesbutarealwayspartsofwords.Theseaffixesare________morphemes.

答案:boundThe_______istheminimaldistinctiveunitingrammar,aunitwhichcannotbedividedwithoutdestroyingordrasticallyalteringthemeaning,whetherlexicalorgrammatical.

答案:morphemeAllofthemaremeaningfulexceptfor__________.

答案:phoneme

Morphemethatcanoccur“unattached”arecalled______.

答案:freeTheword“antidisestablishmentarianism”contains______morphemes.

答案:7Thestemofdisagreementsis__________.

答案:disagreementThewordslikecomsatandsitcomareformedby__________.

答案:blending

ThewordTBisformedinthewayof__________.

答案:initialism_________isawayinwhichnewwordsmaybeformedfromalreadyexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixwhichisthoughttobepartoftheoldword.

答案:Back-formation

Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalled__________morpheme.

答案:inflectional

Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix"-ed"intheword"learned"isknownasa(n)________.

答案:inflectionalmorphemeWhichtwotermscanbestdescribethefollowingpairsofwords:(table—tables,day+break—daybreak).

答案:inflectionandcompound

Boundmorphemesdonotinclude________.

答案:wordsAccordingtoGLeech,________meaningisthecommunicativevalueanexpressionhasbyvirtueofwhatitrefersto,overandaboveitspurelyconceptualcontent.

答案:connotativeAccordingtoG.Leech,________meaningreferstowhatiscommunicatedofthefeelingsandattitudesofthespeaker/writer.

答案:affectiveAccordingtothe__________theoryofmeaning,thewordsinalanguagearetakentobelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.

答案:naming__________meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.

答案:ReferenceTheconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisno__________linkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto.

答案:directAllthewordsinalanguagecanbeusedtorefer,butonlysomehavesenses.

答案:錯Senseisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience,whilethereferencedealswiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

答案:錯Aftercomparing“Theystoppedattheendofthecorridor.”with“Attheendofthecorridor,theystopped.”,youmayfindsomedifferenceinmeaning,andthedifferencecanbeinterpretedintermsofcollocativemeaning.

答案:錯Inthesentence“Moneyisoftensaidtobetherootofallevil”,“root”isusedinitsconceptualmeaning.

答案:錯WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinG.Leech’sseventypesofmeaning?

答案:DenotativemeaningThesemantictriangleholdsthatthemeaningofaword________.

答案:

isinterpretedthroughthemediationofconcept“Wordsarenamesorlabelsforthings.”Thisviewiscalled_______insemantictheory.

答案:namingtheory___________isawayinwhichthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents.

答案:Componentialanalysis

_________dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.

答案:

Reference

Pointoutwhichitemdoesnotfallunderthesamecategoryastherest.(Focusonthetypeofsemanticrelation)

答案:furniture/tablePointoutwhichitemdoesnotfallunderthesamecategoryastherest.(Focusonconnotation)

答案:corpulentThenamingtheoryisadvancedby________.

答案:

PlatoIdentifytherelationsbetweenthefollowingpairsofsentences.

a.Johnwasabachelorallhislife.

b.Johnnevermarriedallhislife.

a.ThisismyfirstvisittoShanghai.

b.IhavebeentoShanghaibefore.

a.Johnboughttwopens.

b.Johnboughttwothings.

a.Mysisterhastwoboys.

b.Mysisterisamother.Thetableisinabadtemper.

答案:1aissynonymouswith1b;2aisinconsistentwith2b;3aentails3b;4apresupposes4b;5issemanticallyanomalous.Lendandborrowbelongto_______antonyms.

答案:converseUpanddownbelongto______antonyms.

答案:complementaryteacherandstudentbelongto_______

_______.

答案:relational;oppositesWarmandlukewarmbelongto_______antonyms.

答案:gradableMiddle-aged,matureandelderlybelongto_______antonyms.

答案:gradableComponentialanalysisisawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzesentencemeaning.

答案:錯DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.

答案:錯Insemantics,meaningoflanguageisconsideredastheintrinsicandinherentrelationtothephysicalworldofexperience.

答案:錯Senseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.

答案:對Themeaningofasentenceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents.

答案:錯Theword“railway”and“railroad”are_____.

答案:

dialectalsynonyms“Alive”and“dead”are______________.

答案:complementaryantonyms

Bycomponentialanalysis,BECOME(x,(-ALIVE(x)))isanexplanationof_______.

答案:die“CanIborrowyourbike?”_______“Youhaveabike.”

答案:presupposesThesenserelationshipbetween“Johnplaysthepiano”and“Johnplaysamusicalinstrument”is_______.

答案:entailment“Heismadeofsteel.”isaviolationofthemaximof_______.

答案:qualityTherearefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple:themaximofquantity,themaximofquality,themaximof_______andthemaximofmanner

答案:relationAn________Actistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething

答案:Illocutionary______actistheactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology

答案:Locutionary________aresentenceslike“InamethisshiptheQueenElizabeth”,whichdoesnotdescribethingsandcannotbesaidtobetrueorfalse.

答案:Performatives________arestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andwerethusverifiable.

答案:Constatives________isthefirstmajortheoryinthestudyoflanguageinuse,whichoriginatedwiththeOxfordphilosopherJohnLangshawAustin

答案:SpeechActTheoryThefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isn’tit?”is______.

答案:phaticlmplicatureiscomparableto______forceinspeechacttheoryinthattheyarebothconcernedwiththecontextualsideofmeaning

答案:illocutionary“Avoidobscurityofexpression”belongstothemaximof_______.

答案:mannerThemeaningoflanguagewasconsideredassomething______intraditionalsemantics.

答案:intrinsicThesentence“IvetoI-C-EC-R-E-A-M-S”violatesthemaximof______

答案:mannerThenotionof______isessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage

答案:context______doesnotstudymeaninginisolation,butincontext.

答案:PragmaticsInthesentence“Youhaveleftthedoorwideopen.”thespeakerhasexpressedhisintentionofspeaking.i.e,askingsomeonetoclosethedoor.Thisintentionofspeakingbelongsto_______act.

答案:illocutionary

Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreescenti-grade.”is______.

答案:informativeWhatkindoffunctiondoesthesentence“Howdoyoudo?”have?

答案:

PhaticWhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthefourmaximsoftheCooperativePrinciple?

答案:themaximofstrength_______isusingasentencetoperformafunction.

答案:SpeechactThespeechacttheorywasdevelopedby________.

答案:JohnAustinPrescriptivelinguisticsismorepopularthandescriptivelinguistics,becauseitcantellushowtospeakcorrectlanguage.

答案:錯Whereverhumansexist,languageexists.

答案:錯Langueisrelativelystableandsystematicwhileparoleissubjecttopersonalandsituationalconstraints.

答案:對Bydiachronicstudywemeantostudythechangesanddevelopmentoflanguage.

答案:對Arbitrarinessoflanguagemakesitpotentiallycreative,andconventionalityoflanguagemakesalanguagebepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.Asaforeignlanguagelearner,thelatterismereimportantforus.

答案:對Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofsentenceiscalled_______.

答案:syntaxThebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesoundpatternsofalanguageiscalled______.

答案:phonologyOnegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof______overwriting.

答案:speechModernlinguisticis______inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

答案:descriptiveInanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed______.

答案:productivityWhichofthefollowingisNOTafrequentlydiscusseddesignfeature?(大連外國語學(xué)院2008研)

答案:ConventionThestudyoflanguageatonepointintimeisa_______study.(北二外2010研)

答案:synchronicAlinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguagesuseas______.

答案:naturalThefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreeCentigrade”is____.

答案:informativeThesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.

答案:錯Wordsarethemoststableofalllinguisticunitsinrespectoftheirinternalstructure.

答案:對Arootisthebaseformofawordwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity.

答案:對Nouns,verbs,adjectivesandmanyadverbsarecontentwords.

答案:對Thewords―loose‖and―books‖haveacommonphonemeandacommonmorphemeaswell.

答案:錯Pronouns,prepositions,conjunctionsandarticlesareallopenclassitems.

答案:錯Thewords"boys"and"raise"haveacommonphonemeandacommonmorphemeaswell.

答案:錯Thereare_____morphemesintheworddenationalization?

答案:fiveMorphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalled_______morpheme.

答案:inflectional

Asuffixisanaffixwhichappears______.

答案:afterthestemLanguagehasbeenchanging,butsuchchangesarenotsoobviousatalllinguisticaspectsexceptthatof______.(西安外國語學(xué)院2006研)

答案:

lexiconWhichofthefollowingwordsisformedbytheprocessofblending?(對外經(jīng)貿(mào)2006研)

答案:

Motel

Compoundwordsconsistof_______morphemes.(北二外2003研)

答案:

freeWhichtwotermscanbestdescribethefollowingpairsofwords:table—tables,day+break—daybreak.(大連外國語學(xué)院2008研)

答案:inflectionandcompoundNouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas_______.(西安交大2008研)

答案:lexicalwords______otherthancompoundsmaybedividedintorootsandaffixes.(大連外國語學(xué)院2008研)

答案:PolymorphemicwordsWordslikepronouns,prepositions,conjunctions,articlesare_______items.(北二外2003研)

答案:

closed-class

______referstothewayinwhichaparticularverbchangesfortense,person,ornumber.(西安外國語學(xué)院2006研)

答案:

InflectionBoundmorphemesdonotinclude_______.(西安交大2008研)

答案:

wordsHasthenursesleptthebabyyet?

答案:錯Iwassurprisedforyoutogetmarried.

答案:錯MyselfbitJohn.

答案:錯Julieisboredofherjob.

答案:錯Thejetlanded.

答案:對Thearticlewroteverywell.

答案:錯Thepilotlandedthejet.

答案:對HedonatedtheRedCrosssomemoney.

答案:錯Thecustomerrequestedforacoldbeer.

答案:錯題目要求：Judgewhetherthesentenceisgrammatical.(grammatical,選擇“正確”;

ungrammatical,選擇“錯誤”)，共10題。Thetutorsuggestedthestudentstostudy.

答案:錯Inthesentence"Moneyisoftensaidtobetherootofallevil",“root”isusedinitsconceptualmeaning.(北二外2007研)

答案:錯“Tulip”,“rose”and“violet”areallincludedinthenotionof“flower”.Therefore,theyaresuperordinatesof“flower”.

答案:錯Whenyouuseyourownsentencewithameaningotherthantheconceptual,themeaningissometimesreferredtoasspeaker‘smeaning,orcontextualmeaning.

答案:對OdgenandRichardsarguethattherelationbetweenawordandathingitreferstoisnotdirect.

答案:對________

dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldexperience.

答案:ReferenceThesenserelationshipbetween"Johnplaysthepiano"and"Johnplaysamusicalinstrument"is_________.

答案:entailment"Charge"and"accuse"aresaidtobe______synonyms.

答案:collocational______isconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

答案:SenseTermslike"desk"and"stool"are_____oftheterm"furniture".

答案:(co-Antonymslike"husband"v."wife"are____antonyms.

答案:relationalThesenserelationbetween"AlentabooktoB"and"BborrowedabookfromA"is_______.

答案:synonymous"MarygaveabooktoJack."issynonymouswith"Jack____abookfromMary".

答案:receivedTermslike"apple","banana"and"pear"are_____oftheterm"fruit".

答案:co-hyponyms_____isthetechnicalnameforthesamenessrelation.

答案:Synonymy“Semanticsisthescientificstudyofmeaning”

isa＿＿＿＿.(東南大學(xué)2002年研)

答案:Tautology“Wide／narrow”isanexampleof

________.(東南大學(xué)2002年研)

答案:

gradableopposites

Thesenserelationshipbetween“Johnplaysthepiano”and“Johnplaysamusicalinstrument”is_________.(北二外2004研)

答案:EntailmentSynonymsinEnglishcanbedividedinto