版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
PAGE考點(diǎn)03名詞(原卷版)【命題解讀】 名詞和主謂一致是歷年高考的重要考點(diǎn),常常出現(xiàn)在完形填空、語法填空和短文改錯題型中。名詞部分主要考查:①名詞的詞義辨析和習(xí)慣搭配②名詞的數(shù)(可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù))③名詞的所有格④抽象名詞的具體化⑤名詞和冠詞的搭配 高考關(guān)于主謂一致的考查主要集中在一下三個方面:①語法一致②意義一致③就近原則【命題預(yù)測】 語法填空對名詞的考查仍然會成為高考的重點(diǎn),主要集中在給出詞根進(jìn)行此類轉(zhuǎn)化,根據(jù)習(xí)慣用法或固定短語確定名詞,名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,所有格形式的變化。主謂一致一般會與名詞、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)放在一起考查。【名師指導(dǎo)】1.整體把握,注意語境 從近年高考試題看,高考語法填空對名詞的考查離不開具體的語境,在語境中考查名詞的相關(guān)知識。做題時,既要全面、整體地看題干,還要注意分析句子成分,并根據(jù)提示詞來確定名詞的相關(guān)考點(diǎn)。通常,涉及名詞考點(diǎn)的試題包括:(1)根據(jù)語境判斷名詞的單復(fù)數(shù);(2)提示詞是形容詞、動詞等此類,根據(jù)句子成分和詞綴知識加上相應(yīng)的后綴變成名詞;(3)名詞的固定搭配;(4)名詞的所有格及名詞的其他相關(guān)知識2.確定考點(diǎn),注意搭配 語法填空對名詞的考查涉及名詞各方面的知識,解題時要注意首先根據(jù)提示信息確定考點(diǎn),試題是考查名詞的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換,還是考查復(fù)數(shù)名詞、名詞的所有格,還是考查主謂一致、名詞的固定搭配等,確定了考點(diǎn)之后,再結(jié)合其他相關(guān)知識來做出正確解答。3.多記單詞,積累詞綴 高考對名詞的考查注重基礎(chǔ),我們在平時的復(fù)習(xí)中要打好基礎(chǔ),掌握足夠的考綱詞匯,并熟知其常見搭配和用法,并注意熟練掌握常用的名詞詞綴知識。4.巧用就近原則 當(dāng)主語是由or,nor,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso連接的并列成分時以及在therebe句型中,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)遵循就近原則?!局匾枷颉恳?、名詞的數(shù);二、名詞作定語;三、名詞所有格;名詞的數(shù)【典例】【2021全國新高考Ⅰ卷語法填空】Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe______(human)are.【名詞的數(shù)提分秘籍】名詞分為可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。1.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)(1)可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)一般都是直接加-s;詞尾若是s,x,ch,sh,在詞尾加-esdesk→desks;dish→dishesstomach的復(fù)數(shù)形式是stomachs(2)以”輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,要變y為i再加-esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f或fe為-vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o結(jié)尾的名詞,多數(shù)加-spiano→pianos(5)單、復(fù)數(shù)同形sheep;deer(6)單、復(fù)數(shù)都要加s的名詞works(工廠);means(方法)有一些例外情況:(1)巧記以o結(jié)尾加-es的名詞:黑人英雄吃西紅柿和馬鈴薯。(即Negro,hero,tomato和potato四個詞)(2)巧記以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞在變復(fù)數(shù)時直接加-s:海灣(gulf)里的首領(lǐng)(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋頂(roof)保險箱(safe)里的證據(jù)(proof)。2.不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如果需要表示量,通常要用“a+表量的概念的名詞+of+名詞”來表示,其中的表量的概念的名詞可以根據(jù)需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式apieceofpaper一張紙;severalpiecesofinformation幾條信息。通常情況下,抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞都是不可數(shù)名詞,如comfort,luck,rain,energy等。3.一些不可數(shù)名詞也有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但詞義不同語意語意brains智力times時代manners禮貌hairs幾根頭發(fā)goods貨物sands沙灘,沙漠a(chǎn)rms武器waters水域,領(lǐng)海snows積雪fruits水果glasses眼鏡papers論文;試卷;報紙greens青菜customs海關(guān)pains努力woods樹林4.抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞具體化(1)英語中有一類名詞在表示泛指意義時,它是一種概念,是不可數(shù)名詞,但當(dāng)它們被賦予了具體的含義后,可看作可數(shù)名詞,一般與不定冠詞連用,含有”一個(件、次)……的人或事”。如:beauty(美,美貌)→abeauty(一個美人或一件美物)danger(危險)→adanger(一件危險的事或一個危險的人)failure(失敗)→afailure(一件失敗的事或一個失敗的人)honour(光榮)→anhonour(一個帶來榮譽(yù)的人或一件帶來榮譽(yù)的事)must(必須)→amust(一件必要的事或物)worry(擔(dān)心)→aworry(一件令人擔(dān)心的事或一個令人擔(dān)憂的人)pity(遺憾)→apity(一件可惜的事)service(服務(wù))→aservice(一個服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu))smoke(煙)→asmoke(一縷煙)surprise(驚奇)→asurprise(一件令人吃驚的事)pleasure(樂趣)→apleasure(一件有趣的事)experience(經(jīng)驗(yàn))→anexperience(一次經(jīng)歷)(2)物質(zhì)名詞在表示構(gòu)成物體的基本要素時,是不可數(shù)名詞,但一旦表示具體物品,就變成了可數(shù)名詞。如:coffee(咖啡)→acoffee(一杯咖啡)sand(沙子)→asand(一片沙灘)iron(鐵)→aniron(一個熨斗)water(水)→awater(一片水域)抽象名詞有時還可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:comfort(安慰)→comforts(舒適的設(shè)施);joy(樂趣)→joys(樂事);difficulty(困難)→difficulties(困難,難做的事)。還有的用在某些固定短語中,如:havealook(看一下);afew,alittle(一些);allofasudden(突然);makeastudyof…(對……進(jìn)行研究);inahurry(匆忙)等。5.有些可數(shù)名詞抽象為“某一概念”時,便轉(zhuǎn)化為不可數(shù)名詞aroom(房間)→room(空間);aword(話,詞)→word(消息);aspace(空地)→space(宇宙,空間);gotoschool/church/bed/college,etc(去上學(xué)/做禮拜/上床睡覺/上大學(xué)等)。6.有些詞只用作不可數(shù)名詞Fun,advice,news,information,furniture,equipment,baggage/luggage,bread,homework,housework,juice,weather,progress,practice等。7.常見復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)looker-on→lookers-on旁觀者;passer-by→passers-by過路人;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父;comrade-in-arms→comrades-in-arms戰(zhàn)友;go-between→go-betweens中間人;grown-up→grown-ups成年人;store-keeper→store-keepers店主;tooth-brush→tooth-brushes牙刷。8.英語中集合名詞的”數(shù)”有三種情況(1)“形單義復(fù)”的名詞:這類集合名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:cattle牛;police警察;people人們(作民族、種族講時復(fù)數(shù)為peoples);youth青年人(youths指青年們)。(2)“形單義單”的名詞:這類集合名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:baggage/luggage行李;clothing衣服;furniture家具;machinery機(jī)械;man/mankind人類。(3)有些集合名詞作整體看時,當(dāng)單數(shù)用,謂語動詞用單數(shù);作其“成員”解時,當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)用,且形式不變,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:family家;government政府;group組;team隊(duì);class班級;audience聽眾。名詞作定語【典例】【2021浙江卷6月語法填空】In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir______(marry)ceremonyin1842.【名詞作定語提分秘籍】1.名詞作定語時,幾乎總是用單數(shù)形式(即使在意義上是復(fù)數(shù))。如:radioprograms電臺節(jié)目。2.man/woman作定語修飾名詞時,隨名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化一起變化。如:amandoctor一名男大夫;twomendoctors兩名男大夫。但girl與boy作定語仍用單數(shù)形式,如manyboystudents許多男學(xué)生。3.還有少數(shù)名詞作定語時,形式不變。如:aclothesshop一個服裝店;asportsman一位運(yùn)動員;acustomsofficer一位海關(guān)官員;agoodstrain一列貨車;asalesmanager一個營銷經(jīng)理;asavingsoffice一個儲蓄所。名詞所有格【典例】【2021浙江卷語法填空】Itiscalculatedbydividinga______(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.【名詞作定語提分秘籍】英語名詞的所有格構(gòu)成如下:構(gòu)成情況舉例單數(shù)名詞后加“’s”aboy’sseat,thestudent’sbag以-s結(jié)尾的人名只加“’”Charles’home詞尾為-s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后只加“’”thegirls’names,Teachers’Day表示時間、距離、機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體、地名以及可擬人化的名詞后加“’s”today’snewspaper,anhour’swork,China’sindustry數(shù)量詞(a,two,some,no...)+名詞+of+名詞所有格somefriendsofmyfather’s名詞+of+名詞所有格(往往含有感情色彩)thelectureofMr.Yang’s注意:無生命的名詞(能擬人化的名詞除外)可用of表示所屬關(guān)系。如:thewindowsoftheclassroom,thetopofthemountain。所修飾的名詞為“診所、住宅或其他處所”時,被修飾的名詞常省略。如:atthedoctor’s(clinic)在診所;tomyuncle’s(house)到我叔叔家;inthemanager’s(office)在經(jīng)理辦公室;atthebarber’s/tailor’s(shop)在理發(fā)店/裁縫鋪。另外,表示并列的名詞“共有某物”時,只在最后一個名詞后加“‘s”;如果表示“各自所有”,則在每個名詞后加’s。如:LucyandMary’sdesk露西和瑪麗共用的課桌;Lucy’sandMary’sdesks露西和瑪麗各自的課桌。(2022.1浙江卷語法填空)Whentheanswerwasno,shedeclinedthe
64
(invite).(2021.6新高考1卷語法填空)Whileyou'reinChina,MountHuangshanis
10
musttovisit!(2021.6新高考二卷)Acompany____44____(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover_____45_____plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.(2021.6新高考1卷語法填空)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe
2
(human)are.(2021.6全國甲卷語法填空)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand
9
(watchtower)totakepictures...(2021.6全國乙卷語法填空)
9
(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaim
tohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.(2021.1浙江卷語法填空)Itiscalculatedbydividinga
3
(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25
4
(consider)healthy.(2021.6全國甲卷語法填空)Ittookusabout3hourstogoall
8
wayaroundtheXi'anCityWall.(2021.6全國乙卷語法填空)Dueto
5
growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes
of
tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowingprinciples:(2021.6浙江卷語法填空)
9
Lincolnsenlargedthehousetoafulltwostoriesin1856tomeettheneedsoftheirgrowingfamily.(2021.6浙江卷語法填空)In1844theyboughtit
for$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir
3
(marry)ceremonyin1842.(2021.6全國乙卷語法填空)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome
educatedabouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe
2
(develop)ofthelocalareas.(2020·新課標(biāo)=1\*ROMANI卷語法填空)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular64(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moreso65thefamiliarnearside.(2020·新課標(biāo)=2\*ROMANII卷語法填空)ChineseNewYearisa61(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】Everybodywears___57___samestyleofclothes.【2018·新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空】Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014that/whichshowedamerefiveto10【2018·新課標(biāo)卷II·語法填空】Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover___62___past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.【2018·新課標(biāo)卷III·語法填空】Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat____62____topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.【2018·新課標(biāo)卷III·語法填空】MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma___66___(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.【2018·浙江卷·語法填空】FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese56(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.【2018·浙江卷·語法填空】FResearchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein64(weigh)problems.【2017·新課標(biāo)卷II·語法填空】Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible61(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.【2017·新課標(biāo)卷II·語法填空】Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64top.(2022·重慶·一模)Theprojectwascompletedsoquicklybecausetheworkershadbeenarrangedintosevenunitstoundertakedifferent___57___(task)atthesametime.(2022·新疆·布爾津縣高級中學(xué)一模)Eachperson'shandwritingisuniqueandconveysanindividual's_____10_____(personal)andemotion.(2022·云南·一模)TheopeningoftheChina-LaosRailwaywillthushelpspeedthe___19___(develop)oftheChina-LaosEconomicCorridor,andwillfurtheradvancethebuildingofaChina-Laoscommunitywith_a_sharedfuture.(2022·陜西省榆林中學(xué)二模)IntheRepublicofKorea,youngpeoplearegivingupon____27____(marry)andhomeowner-ship.(2022·河南·模擬預(yù)測)Thisgameadoptedwater____50____(conserve)andusedotherrecyclingmaterialstoensuretheecosystemwaswellprotected.(2022·重慶·一模)Measuring246kilometresin___58___(long),thenewNanlongRailwayisamaintransportlinkbetweensouth-eastChinaand___59___(center)China.(2021·諸暨市5月模擬·語法填空·T8)…butifyouconvenientlythrowitout,windandrun-offcarrythewastedownthesewer(污水管)anddirectlytotheocean,affectingthemarinelifeincludingthefish,amainsourceoffoodfor___8___(human).(2021·成都三診·語法填空·T2)Itseemsthatpeopleinwesterncountriesarebecomingincreasinglyworriedaboutthesideeffectsofdrugs,andareturningtovarious___2___(treatment)suchasyoga,reflexologyandacupuncture(針灸)tocomplement,orsometimesevenreplace,westernmedicine.(2021·成都三診·語法填空·T7)Imadean___7___(appoint)withtheacupuncturistinmyareaandturnedupathisroomthefollowingmorning.(2021·臺州市4月調(diào)考·語法填空·T4)Ifwechooselong-lastingclothes,ithelpssolvetwokey______4______(issue)atonce-overconsumptionandthedecliningqualityofmanyclothesinstoresthesedays.(2021?珠海市二模?語法填空?T3)Discoveriesmadeatthesitecandatebacktothe12thand11hcenturiesBC,andmanyofthe____3____(item)arenowondisplayatanon-sitemuseum.(2021?珠海市二模?語法填空?T4)Thesitehasrevolutionizedexperts'understandingofhowcivilizationevolvedinancientChina.Inparticular,____4____(evident)ofauniqueShuculturesuggeststhatthekingdomdevelopedindependentlyofneighboringsocietiesintheYellowRiverValley,whichwastraditionallyconsideredtobethecradleofChinesecivilization.(2021?肇慶市三模?語法填空?T10)Extremeweathereventscanworsenmanyofthesehealth____10_____(threat).(2021?漳州一中新高考模擬?語法填空?T5)Bythetimeofhisdeathhewasthebest-sellingChineseauthor,andover100million___5__(copy)ofhisworkshavebeensoldworldwide.(2021?玉林市一模?語法填空?T9)McKinstryholdsthe____9____(believe)thattheBritisharefunny.(2021?永春縣第三次聯(lián)考?語法填空?T9)OnWeibo,thebreakingnewshasbeensentbyatleasttensofthousandsofusersandreceivedcountless____9____(thumb-up).【遼寧省葫蘆島市2021屆高三模擬】Itrunson______(battery)andisprogramedtoreturntowhereitstartedfromwhenitspassengergetsoff.【江蘇省如皋市2021屆高三調(diào)研】Accordingtothestudy,theaccidentsofforeignobjectsinchildrenisgenerallyattributedto______(curious).【江蘇省如皋市2021屆高三調(diào)研】Thisiswhymanytoyscontain______(warn)aboutsmallparts.【江蘇省南通市通州區(qū)2021屆高三質(zhì)量監(jiān)測】Asaresult,itprovidesaterrificfull-bodyworkout,improvingcoordination,flexibility,balanceandmuscle______(strong).【江蘇省海安高級中學(xué)2021屆高三五調(diào)】KatariaLaughterClubsarepoppingupinresponsetopeople’sneedtohandle______(press).【江蘇省常州高級中學(xué)2021屆高三調(diào)研】ThroughWesterncolorandChinesepaintingtechniques,DenghasbeenlookingforacrossingbetweenEasternandWesternart______(style).【湖南省長沙市一中2021屆高三三調(diào)】Don'tdothisinanobviouswaybecausethisisannoying,butdoitwithouthisawarenessofyour______(intend).【湖南省長沙市一中2021屆高三三調(diào)】Occupyhimwith______(activity)andappointments.【湖北省宜昌市2021屆高三聯(lián)考】DespitetheCOVID-19pandemic,Beijing2022reportedthat______(construct)ofcompetitionvenues(場館)remainedontracktobecompletedbytheendofthisyear.【湖北省宜昌市2021屆高三聯(lián)考】Asglobaltravelrestrictionsarelikelytoremainforthecomingmonths,Beijing2022organizershavedecidedtocancelaseriesoftest______(event).【湖北省孝感高中2021屆高三模擬】Manycompetitorsspendbigmoneytogettheir______(hand)ontop-performingbirds.【湖北省孝感高級中學(xué)2021屆高三調(diào)研】Butofallthe______(challenge),makinggoodfriendsmightbethemostimportant.【湖北省孝感高級中學(xué)2021屆高三調(diào)研】Researchersfoundthatthosewithstrong.closebondswiththeirfriendsatagefifteenweremorelikelytobehealthyandhappylater.Importantly,______(popular),definedaslotsofpeoplelikingyougenerallybutnotclosely,wasn'tfoundtohavethesamebenefitasclosefriends.【湖北省武漢外國語學(xué)校2021屆高三調(diào)研】Withalltheevidencehegather
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 酒吧供貨合同模板
- 維修安裝水電合同模板
- 禮服館嫁衣合同模板
- 車輛維修合同
- 泉州租房合同模板
- 廠房租賃合同模板模板
- 租賃土地 轉(zhuǎn)讓合同模板
- 誠信苗木采購合同模板
- 兌店定金合同模板
- 正規(guī)二手房貸款合同模板
- 樓板配筋計算表格(自動版)
- 南寧市生育保險待遇申報表
- DB64∕T 1754-2020 寧夏磚瓦用粘土礦產(chǎn)地質(zhì)勘查技術(shù)規(guī)程
- 電商平臺相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)操作
- 八年級英語上冊1-6單元適當(dāng)形式填空
- 腸梗阻導(dǎo)管臨床應(yīng)用與護(hù)理課件
- 高速公路總體施工組織布置及規(guī)劃方案
- 《中國現(xiàn)代文學(xué)》PPT課件
- 酒店客房驗(yàn)收工程項(xiàng)目檢查表
- 幼兒園課件:大班美術(shù)《美麗的郵票》
- 員工勝任力評價方案
評論
0/150
提交評論