高中英語語法 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

高中英語語法通霸3：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以看作是把一個分句破壞了謂語前面我們學(xué)過，兩個分句放在一起而不用句子連詞連接只以逗號隔開，這樣的句子是錯誤的（參看P.考點5）。Hishomeworkwasfinished,hewentouttoplay.×這時，我們可以把一個分句的謂語破壞掉，把其謂語變成非謂語或不用動詞。上句可以變?yōu)椋篐ishomeworkfinished,hewentouttoplay.這樣，這個分句被破壞后就成了獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以使句子更簡練，有利于表達復(fù)雜內(nèi)容。破壞謂語的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表結(jié)構(gòu)表原因的，be也可變?yōu)閎eing）；不含be的，謂語和主語是主動關(guān)系的，把謂語變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞；是被動關(guān)系的，把謂語變?yōu)檫^去分詞；謂語表將來動作的，變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ?。練?xí)：合并下列句子，把畫線句子改為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Hiswifewasill.Hehadtostayathome.Hearrivedathome.Hisfacewasred.Myhomeworkwasfinished.Iwentouttoplayfootballwithmyfriends.Irodeabikealongthestreet.Mydogwasfollowingme.Ihadtostayathome.Alotofhomeworkhadtobedone.ItrainedlastSunday.Ihadtostayathome.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞（與前面構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系）Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityou

tomorrow.名詞(代詞)+過去分詞（與前面構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系）The

test

finished,

we

began

our

holiday.名詞(代詞)+不定式（表將來）

He

suggestedgoingforapicnic,Marytoprovidethefood.名詞(代詞)+副詞Thegameover,thecrowdrushedtotheexit.名詞(代詞)+形容詞Ahuntercamein,hisfaceredwithcold.名詞(代詞)

+介詞短語Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.名詞(代詞)

+名詞Thevillagers,mostofthemwomenandchildren,werekilledthatnight.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系看下面兩個句子：Withthetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.

（前面粗體部分是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）②Thetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.(前面粗體部分是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))可以看出，作狀語時，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在用法上是相同的，可以通過添、去with相互轉(zhuǎn)換。但是作定語時，常用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。Thewomanwithababyonherbackismyaunt.

背上背孩子的那個女的是我阿姨。在獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)介詞是in時，其前后的兩個名詞均可以不加任何成分（如物主代詞或冠詞），也不用復(fù)數(shù)。但

with

的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受限制。Arobber

burst

into

the

room,

knife

in

hand.

Apolicemanranafterhim,withastickinhishand.Withalotofdifficultproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settling

C.tosettleD.beingsettledWithallthemagazinesIneeded______,Ileftthepostoffice.

A.buyingB.tobuy

C.boughtD.tobeboughtWithelectricity______,wecouldn’tdrivethemachine.

A.wascutoffB.beingcutoffC.cutoffD.havingcutoffEverything______intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirpositions.A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking______moreandmoreforestsdamaged,someanimalsandplantsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.By【2010山東】Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready______foramealtobecooked.

A.laid B.laying C.tolayD.beinglaidManystudents______around,Iexplainedthestoryintodetails.

A.stoodB.standing

C.tostandD.werestanding【2012遼寧】Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog______them.

A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.followsTomlookedatJenny,tears______hiseyes,andshoutedthewords______inhisheartforyears.

A.filling;havingbeenhiddenB.filled;hidden

C.filling;hiddenD.filled;hidingWiththeboy______theway,wehadnotrouble______theway______toZhongshanPark______,hehadtostayathomeq329950885lookingafterher.

A.BeingillB.Hiswifewasill

C.HiswifebeingillD.Becausehewasill______,Johnreturnedtoschoolfromhishometown.

A.ThesummervacationbeingoverB.Thesummervacationisover

C.BecausethesummervacationoverD.AfterthesummervacationbeingoverTheoldsickgoatlayontheground,itseyes______anditslegs______.

A.closed;trembledB.closing;tremblingC.closed;tremblingD.closing;trembled.【2012全國新課標】Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather______.

A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permitWeleftthemeeting,thereobviously______nopointinstaying.

A.wereB.beingC.tobeD.havingAllflights______becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.

A.werecanceledB.havingbeencanceled

C.hadbeencanceledD.havebeencanceled獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與定語從句由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句要有完整的謂語，而獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則沒有完整的謂語，且不需要連接詞。Hewrotealotofnovels,noneof______translatedintoaforeignlanguage.

A.themB.whichC.itD.whatYoucanusealargeplasticbottle,______cutoff,asapottogrowyoungplantsin.

A.thetopisB.thetopofwhichC.whosetopD.withitstop【2008湖南】Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,______arebeyondourcontrol.

A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthatTheEnglishmayors,mostof______girls,seldomwininthesportscompetitions.

A.themB.whomC.theyD.theTofindout,Frischbuiltspecialhives,______onlyonehoney-comb.

A.eachwithB.eachhasC.eachiswithD.eachofwhichhaving獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與狀語從句狀語從句要有完整的謂語，而獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則沒有完整的謂語。______moreandmoreforestsdestroyed,someanimalsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.

A.WithB.ByC.AsD.ForYouhavenoideahowshefinishedtherelayrace______herfootwoundedsomuch.

A.forB.whenC.withD.while單句改錯Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoisewenton.ThelargestcollectioneverfoundinEnglandwasoneofabout2,000silverpennies,allofwhich600yearsold.Theyhadnowheretolive,becausetheirhousesdestroyedintheearthquake.【2005江西】Actually,Ididn’thavetowalkfarbeforeIfoundasmallhousestandinginafieldwithalightshonefromthesittingroom.語法填空（每空至多填三詞）【2011湖北】Withthekey______(hold)inhishand，helookedforthemeverywhere.Conditions______（permit）,Iwillteachmyselfasecondforeignlanguage.There______(be)norainforalongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.Withmanyitemssheneeded______(buy)forher50-birthday-party,shewenttothesupermarketwithabigbasket.Everywhereyoucanseepeopleintheirholidaydress,theirface______(shine)w