2025屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二部分語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破第二板塊專題二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞學(xué)案新人教版

PAGE專題二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞————————————?知識(shí)梳理?———————————一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)意義不定式一般式todo/tobedone動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后發(fā)生進(jìn)行式tobedoing動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式tohavedone/tohavebeendone動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生v.-ing形式一般式doing/beingdone動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式havingdone/havingbeendone動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生v.-ed形式——表示完成和被動(dòng)二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的功能作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)往往是一次性的、詳細(xì)的動(dòng)作；常用it作形式主語(yǔ)Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.v.-ing形式作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，表示一般或抽象的多次行為；常用句式：Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.Itisnousefishinginthisriver;therearenoneleft.v.-ed形式不作主語(yǔ)，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)常表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)Thewindowisbroken.作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作；也表示第幾個(gè)做某事的人或物Wemustfindapersontodothework.Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstonetogetup.v.-ing形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)與所修飾的名詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系或表示所修飾名詞的用途Pleasegotothemeetingroom.Herushedintotheburninghouse.v.-ed形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)表示與所修飾名詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系Themostcommonerrormadeinhangingpicturesistohangthemtoohigh.Localpeopleinvitedtoattendameetingareverypleasedtosharetheirexperiencesofhospitalservices.作賓語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，常用形式賓語(yǔ)itWethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)We'reconsideringpayingavisittotheScienceMuseum.Theyonlyallowsmokinginrestrictedareas.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式作賓補(bǔ)Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Webelievehimtobeguilty.v.-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系IheardTomsinginganEnglishsonginthenextroom.Onthetopofthehill,hecouldseesmokerisingfromthechimneys.v.-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系Whentheygotthere,theyfoundthehouseburntdown.ThewaitressaskedtheAmericanhowhelikedhissteakcooked.特定動(dòng)詞后非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式以下詞只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)：afford,agree,determine,decide,refuse,expect,hope,manage,want,fail,wish,ask,pretend,promise,happen,wouldlike,setout等Soonthevillagerscouldn'taffordtobuyfoodforthemselves.Imanagedtogetalltheironingdonethismorning.Ipromisetocomeforalongvisit.以下詞只接v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)：advise,admit,enjoy,avoid,appreciate,delay,miss,finish,practise,imagine,suggest,escape,resist,risk,feellike,insiston,setabout等Ialwaysimagineflyinglikeabird.Iavoidworkinginplaceswhicharetoopublic.“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”常在decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tell等詞后作賓語(yǔ)Pleaseshowushowtodothat.Ican'tdecidewhichtobuy.Wedon'tknowhowtoputitintopractice.不定式跟在一些特定的動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)：advise，believe,cause,challenge,forbid,force,find,hire,instruct,invite,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,select,send,suppose,tell,train,allow,order,urge,force,encourage等Mumforbadthemtoplayballinthepublicgarden.He'dmanagedtopersuadeDadtobuyacarforhim.Howcouldyouallowhimtodosomethinglikethat？以下詞作“須要”講時(shí)，后接v.-ing主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義：need,want,require(若用不定式則用tobedone形式)Mycarneedswashing/tobewashed.Thehousewantspainting/tobepainted.Yourhairneedscutting/tobecut.以下詞可接不定式，也可接v．-ing形式，意義基本相同：prefer,like,love,start,begin,hate,intend等Iprefergoingtothecinematonight.Iprefertogotothecinematonight.Iintendtorewritethestoryforyoungerchildren.Iintendrewritingthestoryforyoungerchildren.以下詞可接不定式，也可接v.-ing形式，意義差別很大：eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.努力做/企圖做某事,trydoingsth.嘗試做/試著做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事,meandoingsth.意味著做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(forget/remember/regrettodosth.表示動(dòng)作,還沒(méi)發(fā)生,forget/remember/regretdoingsth.表示動(dòng)作,已發(fā)生))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(goontodosth.接下來(lái)做某事（做另一件事）,goondoingsth.接著做某事（做同一件事）))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(stoptodosth.停下來(lái)做另一件事,stopdoingsth.停止做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事,can'thelp（to）dosth.不能幫助做某事))I'lltrytocatchupwithmyclass.我將盡力趕上同學(xué)們。Itriedreadingthetextwithoutconsultingmydictionary.我試著不查詞典來(lái)閱讀課文。Ididn'tmeantobotheryou.我本不想打攪你。Whathesaidmeansgoingtherebyair.他的話的意思是坐飛機(jī)去那兒。I'mverybusynow,soIcan'thelp(to)cleantheroom.我現(xiàn)在很忙，因此不能幫助打掃房間。Thegirlcouldn'thelpcryingwhenshesawhermotheragain.當(dāng)這個(gè)女孩再次看到母親時(shí)，她不由自主地哭了起來(lái)。v.-ing形式還可以充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)Don'tforgettoturnoffthelightsbeforeleavingyourclassroom.Heenteredthechemistrylabwithoutbeingpermitted.三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示目的，常置于句首，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)；在句末時(shí)則不用隔開(kāi)Todrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.Heopenedthedoorforthechildrentocomein.表示結(jié)果，常用句型：only/justto(表示意想不到的結(jié)果);too...to...(太……而不能……);so/such...asto...(如此……以致于……);enoughforsb.to(足夠……)Idrovetotheparkinglotonlytofinditwasfullyparkedwithallkindsofvehicles.Hewassoexcitedastobeunabletospeak.Theiceisthickenoughtowalkon.Thecasewastooheavytobecarriedbyachild.表示緣由，常用句型：主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞＋todoIwassurprisedtofindhimhere.v.-ing作狀語(yǔ)表示緣由，一般式表示動(dòng)作與句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；完成式表示動(dòng)作早于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生Standingonthetopofthemountain,Ifeltrelaxed.Havingbeentoldthemeetingwascancelled,Iwenthomeafterwork.表示時(shí)間，其動(dòng)作在句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生均可Whilewaitingforthetrain,IhadalongtalkwithMary.Havingfinishedhishomework,Tomwenttoplaybasketball.表示方式或伴隨狀況，常跟在句子后Atthebelloftheclass,hecamerunningintotheclassroom.表示結(jié)果，跟在句后Theplanecrashed,killingallthepeopleonboard.表示條件，置于句首或句末Workinghard,you'llsucceedoneday.表示讓步，置于句首或句末Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistakes.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間Whenaskedherfurtherplans,shesaidthatshewantedtobeanurse.表示緣由Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.表示條件Iftakenaccordingtothedirections,themedicinehasnosideeffect.表示結(jié)果Thegirlmetwithanaccident,woundedinthehead.表示讓步Encouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinfindingajob.表示方式或伴隨Theoldmangotoffthebed,supportedbyhisson.四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的其他事項(xiàng)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞本身有動(dòng)詞的特性，其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一樣時(shí)，用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示)名詞/代詞＋v.-ing形式，表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，或動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行Theyseatingthemselves,theteacherbegantotellthestories.名詞/代詞＋v.-ed形式，表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，或動(dòng)作已結(jié)束Herglassesbroken,shecouldn'treadthebook.名詞/代詞＋不定式，表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)作未發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生Lotsofhomeworktodo,hehastogohome.其他形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)名詞/代詞＋(being)＋形容詞/副詞Summerholidays(being)over,studentsreturntoschool.名詞/代詞＋介詞短語(yǔ)Swordinhand,Ifollowedhimhereandclimbedin.There/Itbeing＋名詞/代詞/形容詞Therebeingnoonetoturnto,hehadtorepairthecarhimself.Itbeingfine,wecangotothebeach.with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Hesattherethinking,withhischinonhishand.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一些常用結(jié)構(gòu)have/getsth.doneYou'dbetterhave/getyourcarchecked.makesb./sth.doneThat'saspecialwaytomakemyselfunderstood.make/have/letsb.dosth.Theteachermade/had/letusfinishthehomework.getsb.todosth.Youshouldgetyourparentstohelpyou.find/catchsb.doingsth.Hewasfound/caughtstealingintheshop.findsth.doneHefoundhisroombrokeninto.感官動(dòng)詞(feel,hear,see等)＋sb./sth.＋doingsth.Isawhimwo