高考英語第一輪語法專攻復(fù)習(xí)課件

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載ppt課件：高考英語第一輪語法專攻復(fù)習(xí)課件37找出下列句子中的非謂語動詞(含短語)1.Hestoodthere,tiredfromawholedayofwork,thinkingofawaytoescapefromtheconstructionsite.狀語2.Thenewsconference,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwith定語reporters3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind狀語4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.He賓語musthavemorethan200bynow.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMrWang.定語賓語補語不能單獨作謂語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。還可以有自己的賓語和狀語構(gòu)成非謂語短語在句中一起做成分。主要形式:不定式tododoingdonemake主動形式被動形式一般式nottomakenottobemade完成式nottohavenottohavemadebeenmade進(jìn)行式nottobemakingnottohave完成進(jìn)行式beenmaking△--ing:do△主動形式被動形式主動形式被動形式doing一般式一般式beingdonehavingdonehavingdone完成式havingbeendone完成式havingbeendone否定形式:not+-ing的形式過去分詞:done非謂語動詞解題一般思路1.分析句子成分,看“_____”上要填謂語還是非謂語2.看“_____”上要填的非謂語動詞與相關(guān)的名或代詞(多是主語)的邏輯關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系動賓關(guān)系主動關(guān)系被動關(guān)系一般式towritetobewritten進(jìn)行式tobewriting????todotohavewrittentohavebeenwritten完成式一般式writingbeingwrittendoing完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten????writtendone非謂語動詞的比較不定式和+ing作主語的區(qū)別不定式作主語表示具體動作Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。具體+ing作主語通常表示抽象動作;Smokingisprohibitedhere.這里禁止抽煙。抽象不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區(qū)別(1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動作,特別是表示將來動作。WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonceHiswishistobuyacarinthenearfuture2動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般性的行為。OurworkisservingthepeopleHishobbyiscollectingstamps3分詞作表語.表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞加上ing變成現(xiàn)在分詞,譯為“令人……的”,加上ed變成過去分詞,譯為“感到…….”Interesting/interesteddelighting/delightedexciting/excitedDisappointing/disappointedTravellingisinterestingbuttiringTheywereveryexcitedatthenews3作賓語不定式和動名詞英語中大多數(shù)動詞既可跟不定式.但有些動詞要求:A只能加不定式作賓語的動詞:affordagreeappearaskattemptbegchoosedecidedemanddesigndesiredetermineexpectfailHappenhopemanageplanwishpretendrefuseB只能加動名詞作賓語的動詞:admitappreciateavoidconsiderdelayenjoyescapefinishimaginekeepmindmisspermitpractisepreventrisksuggeststandallowadviseforbidneedrequireC有些動詞后使用動名詞和不定式作賓語的意思差別:forgettodo/forgetdoingstoptodo/stopdoingremembertodo/doingregrettodo/doingtrytodo/doingmeantodo/doinglove,like,hate,D有些動詞使用動名詞和不定式意思無差別prefer,intend,start,continueE這些常用的詞組要求用動名詞作賓語can’thelpcan’tstandbeworthdevotetolookforwardtosticktobeusedtoobjecttobebusyfeellikegetdownto3動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語比較(1)有些動詞后只跟不定式作賓語,如:want,wish,hope,manage,demand,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect等。Weagreed_______here,butsofarshehasn'tCturnedupyet.(NMET1995)A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet?(2)有些動詞后只跟動名詞作賓語,如:admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,suggest,deny等。Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed_______.(MET1987)CA.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatchCIwouldappreciate_______backthisafternoon.(MET1992)A.youtocallB.youcallC.youcallingD.you'recalling?(3)有些動詞后既可以跟不定式又可以跟動名詞,意義上無多大區(qū)別,如:love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start,continue等。Iintendtofinish/finishingthetaskthismorning.注意問題1.有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別忘記要去做某事(此事未做)1)forgettodoforgetdoing忘記做過某事(此事已做過或已發(fā)生)2)stoptodo停止、中斷(某件事),目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事3)remembertodo記住去做某事(未做)rememberdoing記得做過某事已做4regrettodo對要做的事遺憾regretdoing對做過的事遺憾、后悔5)trytodo努力、企圖做某事trydoing試驗、試一試某種辦法注意問題1.有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別打算,有意要…6meantodomeandoing意味著7)goontodo繼而(去做另外一件事情)goondoing繼續(xù)(原先沒有做完的事情)?(4)有些動詞后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟動名詞,但意義上有區(qū)別,如:forget,remember,mean,regret,stop,try等。?Thelightintheofficeisstillon.C?Oh,Iforgot_______.(MET1991)A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff?Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.?Well,nowIregret_______that.(NMETD1995)A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做賓補的區(qū)別有些使役動詞及感官動詞后如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,notice,watch,observe等動詞不定式只說明賓語的一個動作,賓語與動詞不定式是主動關(guān)系Justthenheheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.現(xiàn)在分詞說明賓語的動作正在進(jìn)行,賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞是主動關(guān)系Thenheheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.過去分詞說明賓語與過去分詞是被動關(guān)系HehadhisbikerepairedyesterdayHefoundhiswatchstolen.作賓補:doingtheexperimentWesawtheteacher___________________.(做實驗)sunginEnglishI’veneverheardthesong______________用英語唱)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞4作定語不定式作定語。A不定式與其所修飾的名詞是主謂關(guān)系。例:HewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterdayThetraintoarrivewasfromLondonB不定式與其所修飾的名詞是動賓關(guān)系。GethimsomethingtoeatShehasalotofworktodointhemorning.C不及物動詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語,要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。這里的介詞不能省去。IneedapentowritewithThereisnothingtoworryabout.分詞作定語特點:1現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義,過去分詞表示被動含義。2現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行,過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或已完成的事。HerushedintotheburninghouseThechildstandingoverthereismybrotherTheroomfacingsouthisourclassroomHeisanadvancedteacher不定式和分詞作定語時的時間關(guān)系:一般來說,不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后,現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,過去分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。跳舞的女孩現(xiàn)在分詞表主動adancinggirl被毀的房屋Adestroyedhouse過去分詞表被動下落的樹葉Afallingleaf現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行落葉Afallenleaf(過去分詞表完成)Thereisariverrunningaroundourschool(run.beingrepairedThewatchnowishersrepair.likedHeisateacherbyallhisstudentslike.Americaisacountrydevelop.developed不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別不定式表示即將發(fā)生的動作,tobebuiltThebuilding_____________nextmonthisourlibrary.現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作,beingbuiltThebuilding____________nowisourlibrary.過去分詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作builtThebuilding______lastyearisourlibrary.不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做狀語的區(qū)別不定式作狀語一般表示目的,結(jié)果或原因:Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan.Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf.Wearegladtohearthenews分詞作狀語放在句子開頭,表示原因時間或條件。分詞作狀語放在后面一般表示伴隨,Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan.Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetterThepopsingercametomeethisfans,followedbytwobodyguards.分詞作狀語與主語的關(guān)系knowingNot_________whattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelpknowSeen_________fromthehill,thetownlooksverybeautiful.see分詞作狀語時前面可用連詞When,while,once,if,unless,though等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,若其主語與句子主語相同時,可保留該連接詞,其余部分則簡化為分詞短語。Whilewalkingalongthestreetearlyinthemorning,hesawherOnceseen,itwillneverbeforgottenEventhoughgiveneverychance,theywouldnottry表目的:HeworkeddayandnighttogetthemoneyShesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain注意不定式作狀語放于句首時,不定式的邏輯主語與句子主語要一致:Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentriedTosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeansTolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneededTolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.2SinceIamastudent,ImuststudyhardBeingastudent,Imuststudyhard.原因Aswewerenotsatisfiedwiththeresult,wedecidedtodotheexperimentagainNotsatisfiedwiththeresult,wedecidedtodotheexperimentagain.3Iftimepermits,IwillfinishanotherlessonTimepermitting,IwillfinishanotherlessonIfheisallowed,hewouldeatallthefoodinthehouseIfallowed,hewouldeatallthefoodinthehouse.4Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,_t_al_k_i_n_gan___d_l_au__gh__in_g(說說笑笑)Heenteredtheroom,_________________followedbyhisgirlfriend后面跟著女朋友).?因為他病了,所以他沒有上學(xué)。Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschoolBeingill,hedidn’tgotoschool因為他們希望能夠得到你的支持,所以給你寫了一封信。Astheyhopedtogetyoursupport,theywroteyoualetter.Hopingtogetyoursupport,theywroteyoualetter_______moreattention,thetreescouldhaveAgrownbetter.(MET1990)A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven非謂語動詞?？嫉钠渌Y(jié)構(gòu)1疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。疑問詞who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語。主語)WhentostarthasnotbeendecidedIdon’tknowwhattoknow(賓語)Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver(表語)Icantellyouwheretogetthisbook(賓語)有時疑問詞前可用介詞,如:Ihavenoideaofhowtodoit動詞不定式的幾個重要時態(tài)1不定式的完成式常在動詞appear,happen,pretend,seem等之后體現(xiàn)它所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。IamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingSheseemedtohaveforgottenherpromiseHepretendedtohavereadthebook2,但在be,wish,intend,mean,plan,hope,expect,should或wouldlike等動詞之后,則表示沒有實現(xiàn)的行為。Heplannedtohavegoneabroad.他原計劃出國。Ihopedtohaveseenher(但他沒有去)IwouldliketohavehadyourhelpTheenemyexpectedtohavefoundhimIintendedtohavefinishedmyworklastnightWeweretohavesailednextmorning我們本定于第二天早上啟航不定式進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式不定式進(jìn)行式表示其主要謂語動詞所代表的動作發(fā)生時,不定式所表示的動作正在發(fā)生;不定式完成進(jìn)行式表示其動詞所代表的動作,在主要謂語動詞所代表的動作之前一直在進(jìn)行。Whenhecamein,Ihappenedtobedoingmyexperimentinthelab.Theyaresaidtohavebeenquarrellingmanyyears.不定式的被動式:HewantedthelettertobetypedatonceThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.3.有時“withwithout+名詞(或代詞賓格)+分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨狀況的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。eg.1Withhishomeworkfinishedaheadoftime,hebegantoplaycomputer2Hefellasleepwiththelampburning非謂語動詞中的句型1)Doing+vSeeingisbelieving.眼見為實。2Itis+nouse/goodfun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,.等名詞+doingsthItisnousecrying.哭沒有用。3Thereisnousegood/point/sense/harm+doingsth做某事沒用Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.4在want,need,require等動詞后,常用動名詞的主動形式表示被動的意思。例如:Myhairneedscutting.Myhairneedstobecut.5在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)Generally/Franklyspeaking…,Judgingfrom/by…中,分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致,這種結(jié)構(gòu)只限于為數(shù)很少的幾個動詞Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamilyFranklyspeaking,Idon'tlikehimatall.Multiplechoice1.____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept2001春季高考第21題2.___aletterfromherparents,Lilyisnowlookingforwardto___fromthem.A.Havingnotreceived;hearB.Notreceived;hearCNothavingreceived;hearingD.Receivingnot;hearingV/phrases+ing:appreciate;avoid;can’thelp;consider;enjoy;escape;finish;giveup;imagine;insiston;keepon;mind;miss…devoteoneselfto;payattentionto;beusedto;getdownto…I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjobA.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB[例2]NMET1999第21題Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficultA.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B因為主語是thepurpose,在(purpose,wish,promise,plan)后常跟不定式,故表語要用不定式,to不能省略,因此構(gòu)成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型,故選B。解析10.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriverA.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignthlanguagecameoutinthe16centuryA.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written