初中語法八個時態(tài)的講解

課堂評價1、學生上次作業(yè)評價：○好○較好○一般○差2、學生本次上課情況評價：○好○較好○一般○差作業(yè)布置教師留言家長反饋一般現(xiàn)在時A:一般現(xiàn)在時通常表示目前階段經常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。結構:1）be動詞的第一人稱單數(shù)為_____，第三人稱單數(shù)為_____，其他人稱為_____。順口溜：我用am，你用are，is用于他，她，它,單數(shù)is，復數(shù)are.肯定式:主語+am/is/are+其他否定式:主語+am/is/are+not+其他疑問式:Am/Is/Are+主語+其他?簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+am/is/are(否)No,主語+am/is/arenot縮寫形式:I'm==IamThat's==ThatisWe're==WeareWhat's==WhatisYou're==YouareWho's==WhoisThey're==TheyareWhere's==WhereisHe's==HeisShe's==SheisIt's==Itisisn't==isnotaren't==arenot2）行為動詞（實義動詞）除主語是第三人稱單數(shù)外，都用動詞原形，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，在動詞詞尾加-s或-es。“動詞第三人稱單數(shù)”的加法即“如何從動詞原形變?yōu)榈谌朔Q單數(shù)”1、一般情況加s.2、以o,s,x,ch,sh結尾加es.3、以“輔音字母+y”結尾改y為i+es寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)：studyplaygocomehelpteachlielistenbeginopensitthrowwashguesscutrunrelaxbeateat肯定式:主語+動詞原形/動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)否定式:主語+助動詞don't/doesn't+動詞原形+其他疑問式:Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+其他簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+do/does(否)No,主語+do/doesnot縮寫形式:don't==donotdoesn't==doesnot注意：have的第三人稱單數(shù)為has用法：1.表示事實,現(xiàn)狀,性質或經常的,習慣的動作,常與often,usually,always,sometimes,today,everyday,onceaweek,everyfiveminutes,onSundays等時間狀語連用,eg.Hehasabrother.2.表示普遍真理.eg.Theearthgoesroundthesun.3.表示在現(xiàn)在時間里所發(fā)生的一個動作.eg.Herecomesthetrain.4.在時間和條件狀語從句中代表一般將來時.eg.I'llgowithyouifyouarefreetomorrow.一般過去時一般過去時棗表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般過去時通常由動詞的過去式表示。結構：1.動詞的第一、三有稱單數(shù)用,其他人稱用,其肯定式,否定式,疑問式和簡略回答形式與一般現(xiàn)在時相似。2.行為動詞的過去式分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種,規(guī)則動詞的過去式是在動詞后加或,不規(guī)則動詞參照不規(guī)則動詞表,需要專門記憶?？隙ㄊ?主語+動詞的過去式+其他eg.Igotupatsixthismorning.否定式:主語+didnot+動詞原形+其他eg.Johndidn'tliveherelastyear.疑問式:Did+主語+動詞原形+其他eg.Didyouseehimamomentago?簡略回答.(肯)Yes,主語+did(否)No,主語+didn't.用法：1.主要用于過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài).eg.Myfatherwasatworkyesterday.2.表示過去經常或反復發(fā)生的動作,常與often,always等表示頻度的時間狀語連用.eg.Healwayswenttoworkbybuslastsummer.3.和when等連詞引導的狀語從句連用.eg.Whenshereachedhome,shehadashortrest.4.常與表示過去的時間狀語,如…ago,yesterday,lastweek,intheolddays,whenIwasfiveyearsold,in1995等連用.eg.Theybegantheworktwomonthsago./Wereyoubornin1981?Yes,Iwas.不規(guī)則中尋"規(guī)則"英語中很多動詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的，有些同學死記硬背，卻效果不佳。我們不妨共同尋找一些不規(guī)則動詞中的“規(guī)則”，這樣記憶起來就會事半功倍了。I．過去式與動詞原形同形。例如：let—let,put—put,hit—hit,read—read[red]等。II．動詞原形以ow／aw結尾，過去式常變?yōu)閑w。例如：know—knew,grow—grew,throw—threw,draw—drew等。但是也有一些例外，例如：show—showed。III．許多動詞只要將動詞原形中的元音字母i改為a，就可變?yōu)檫^去式。例如：begin—began,give—gave,sing—sang,swim—swam,sit—sat,drink—drank,ring—rang等。但是win—won例外。IV．有些動詞的過去式以o(a)ught結尾。例如：bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught等。[注意]上述動詞過去式究竟是以ought[:t]還是aught[:t]結尾，只要記住“有a則a，無a則o”即可。即：原形中有a的，過去式變?yōu)閍ught，否則為ought。V．以eep結尾的動詞，常將eep改為ept構成過去式。例如：keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept等。一般將來時一般將來時棗表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)結構：助動詞shall/will{be(is,am,are)goingto}+動詞原形（當主語第一人稱時，一般用shall，當主語為第三人稱時，用will，但主語為第一人稱時，也用will）肯定式:主語+shall/will+動詞原形+其他否定式:主語+shall/will+not+動詞原形+其他.疑問式:Shall/Will+主語+動詞原形+其他簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+shall/will.(否)No,主語+shall/will+not…縮寫形式:'ll==shall/willshan't==shallnotwon't==willnot用法:1.表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況,常用時間狀語有:later(on),soon,inamonth,nexttime,fromnowon,tomorrow等.eg.Ishallbeeighteenyearsoldnextyear.MaybeChina'spopulation_______(pass)1,300,000,000bytheyear2005.2.表示某種必然的趨勢eg.Fishwilldiewithoutwater.解析：1.在以第一人稱為主語的問句中,常用shall表示提議和詢問情況,在以第二人稱作主語的問句中,用will表示請求.eg.Whereshallwehavethemeeting?/Willyoupleaselendmeyourpen?2.當主語是第一人稱時,用will表示意愿.決心.允諾.命令等.eg.IwillgiveyouanEnglish--Chinesedictionaryforyourbirthday.3.在時間或條件狀語從句中,一般用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時.eg.Tomwillwritetomewhenhegetsthere.4.begoingto+動詞原形也可表示將來時.(1).表示主觀意愿.打算等.eg.He'sgoingtolearnEnglishnextterm.(2).根據(jù)已有跡象,可能要發(fā)生的情況eg.Lookattheblackclouds!----Itisgoingtorain.現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時棗表示目前或目前階段正在進行的動作。(表示“……正在（在）干……”)結構：is/am/are+動詞的-ing形式(動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞)用法：1.表示目前發(fā)生(進行)的動作(不指狀態(tài)),常用時間狀語有:now,atthemoment等,并常出現(xiàn)在祈使句的句子中,與look,listen連用.eg.Areyouwritingalettertoyourfatheratthemoment?Listen!Sheissinginginthenextroom.2.表示目前階段正在進行,而此刻不一定在進行的動作.eg.Theyareplantingtreesthesedays.3.表示按計劃或安排即將進行的動作,表示這種動作的動詞有:come,go,leave,arrive,start,see等,并常與表示將來時間的狀語連用.eg.TheyareleavingforAustraliatomorrowafternoon.注意:某些表示感覺或狀態(tài)的動詞,如love,like,prefer,hate,see,know等一般不用現(xiàn)在進行時.eg.Lucyprefersarttoscience.練習題：（選擇填空）一.般現(xiàn)在時.（）1.MyEnglishteacheraboutthirtyyearsold,butheyoungerthanhereallyis.A.is,lookB.is,looksC.am,look（）2.Jimveryhard,buthetillalittleweakinChinese.A.studies,isB.study,isC.doesn’tstudy,is（）3.Weallknowthatthesunroundtheearth.A.goesB.don’tgoC.doesn’tgo（）4.TheretwelvemonthsinayearandJanuaryfirst.A.is,comesB.are,comeC.are,comes（）5.Whothekitebestofall,Jim.LucyorLily?A.fliesB.flyC.areflying（）6.theGreatWalloneoftheplacesofgreatinterestsinChina?A.WasB.DoC.Is（）7.youusuallytoschoolwithclassmates?A.Do,comesB.does,comeC.Do,come（）8.shehomeatsixo’clockeverymornig?A.Do,comesB.Does.ComeC.Do,come（）9.MymotherlikewatcingTV,soshetobedveryearlyeveryevening.A．doesn’t,goB.don’tgoC.doesn’tgoes（）10.MrGreenusuallynewspapersaftersuppereveryday.A.readB.readingC.reads二.一般過去式.（）1.Thetwointhesameclasslastyear.A.areB.wasC.were（）2.---Whereyoufindyourticket?----Iitontheground.A.did,foundB.do,foundC.were,find（）3.ThestudentsinLiLei’sclassonafarmlastweek.A.workB.worksC.worked（）4.thatworkerinashoefactoryayearago?A.Do,workB.Did,workedC.Did,work（）5.---Didyoufindyourpen?---Yes,Iittwohoursago.A.foundB.findC.finded（）6.yourmothertoworklastSaturday?A.Did,goB.Do,goC.Does,go（）7.Theynotlatethedaybeforeyesterday.A.didB.wereC.are（）8.theyawayfromschoollastOctober?A.DidB.WereC.Do（）9.youtoschoollastSunday?A.Did,comeB.Do,comeC.Were,come（）10.Whattheyforbreakfastlastweek?A.were,haveB.did,haveC.will,have（）11.Myfriendhishomeworkfifteenminutesago.A.finishB.finishesC.finished（）12.Theboysonlysubjectslastterm,butthistermtheyfive.A.have,haveB.had,hadC.had,have（）13.WhyAnnTVlastnight?A.didn’t,watchB.don’twatchC.doesn’twatch（）14.Theystoppedherebecausetheythewaytothestation.A.didn’tknowB.don’tknowC.willknow三.現(xiàn)在進行時（）1.Can’tyouseeUncleWangandhisfriendssomemachines?A.ismakigB.aremakingC.make（）2.MyfatherTVwithmymothernow.A.watchB.watchingC.iswatching（）3.I’ssixo’clockintheevening,Myfamilysupperatthetable.A.eatsB.iseatingC.areeating（）4.LucyandLilytospeakChinesewithMissGao.A.Is,tryB.IstryingC.Are,trying（）5.Thedogitselfoutsidethedoor.A.iswashingB.washC.washes（）6.ThestudentsinClassOnecarefullytotheirEnglishteacher.A.islisteningB.islookingC.arelistening（）7.Listen!Thechildrenintheopenair.A.singingB.issingingC.aresinging（）8.What’sthematter,LiLei?Iformypen.A.amlookB.amlookingC.look（）9.Let’sgointotheclassroom.Thebell.A.ringingB.isringingC.isring（）10.Themanisbadlyhurtandheontheroadsadly.A.islyingB.arelyingC.lieing四.一般將來時.（）1.Thestudentsbackintwohours.A.comeB.iscomingC.came（）2.WhatyouwithyourclassmatesthisSundayafternoon?A.are,doB.do,doC.willdo（）3.ThereanEnglishpartyinourclassthisevening.A.willhaveB.aregoingtohave.C.isgoingtobe（）4.WeiHuavisittheGreatWallduringthissummerholiday?A.Do,goingtoB.Is,goingtoC.Will,goingto（）5.WhentheyleaveforBeijing?A.will,going.B.will,/C.do,goingto（）6.---Whereareyougoing?---Itheshopsforsomefruit.A.amgoingtoB.gotoC.shallgoingtogoto（）7.Whichorangestheytobuy?A.are,goingB.will,goingC.do,going（）8.Mymothersaysthatshebuymeaschoolbagbetterthanthisone.A.isB.shallC.will（）9.MrGreenisafraidthatJimbehindtheotherstudentsafterhecomesback.A.willfallB.willfellC.isgoingtofell（）10.Thestudentsinmyclassharderthanbeforethisterm.A.isgoingtostudyB.willgoingtostudyC.willstudy現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時的結構：主語+“have(has)+過去分詞”（1）現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示對目前狀況仍有影響的，剛剛完成的動作（常與yet，already，just連用），或者過去某一時刻發(fā)生的，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況（常與for，since連用）。例如：1）Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.2）Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.注意：與for,since連用的動詞必須用延續(xù)性動詞，而不能用短暫性動詞如：come—beherego——betherejoin——beamemberborrow——keepleave——beaway等等（2）常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語有：since,for,during,over等引導出的短語；副詞already,yet,just,ever,now,before,often,lately,recently等；狀語詞組thisweek(morning,month,year),sofar,uptonow,manytimes,uptothepresent等。例如：1）Ihaven’tbeenthereforfiveyears.2）Sofar,shehasn’tenjoyedthesummervacation.3）Therehavebeenalotofchangessince1978.◆

一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的比較與轉換一般過去時:與之搭配的時間副詞常用的有:Yesterday,lastweek,lastyear,at5:30,lastweekend,lastmonth.有時用onweekend,thismorning現(xiàn)在完成時:常用的時間副詞有:ever,never,yet,still,already，inthepasttenyears;inmylife;todayExamples:Lindastillhasn’tfinishedherhomework.StanleyhasalreadygottenboredwiththelifehereinToronto.HaveyouevergonetoParis?Ihavegonetothepostofficetwicetoday.過去完成時:（1）表示過去某時間前已經發(fā)生的動作或情況，這個過去的時間可以用by，before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示；或者表示一個動作在另一個過去動作之前已經完成。{表示“過去的過去”}例如：1）WehadjusthadourbreakfastwhenTomcamein.2）Bytheendoflastyeartheyhadturnedout5,000bicycles.（3）過去完成時常用于以下固定句型：1）by(theendof)+過去時間，主句中謂語動詞用過去完成時。例如：Theexperimenthadbeenfinishedby4o’clockyesterdayafternoon.八種時態(tài)的比較一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時a.一般現(xiàn)在時：重復發(fā)生的習慣性動作和真理。標志性的時間副詞：alwaysoftenfrequentlyusuallysometimeseverydayeveryweekeverymonthoccasionallyonceamonthonceamonthonceayearseldomrarelyneverExamples：Shegoesshoppingeveryweek.HereadsBusinessNewseverymorning.Heseldomgoesdancing.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.Susanloveschocolate.b.表示一種狀態(tài)或性質Examples:Thistastesverygood.Idon’tbelievemyeyes.Ineedacar.Ihatethismusic.c.在講述一個過去發(fā)生的故事時，有時可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示過去發(fā)生的一系列事情。-Thisuseiscalledthe“historicalpresent”.如在看圖說話一類題時經常用到這一點。Examples:一個美國人描述他到中國旅游的經歷MyfriendandIarriveatthecapitalairportinBeijingonthemorningofMay25th,1993.Robertcomestomeetwithusinataxi,andwedrivetowhatistobeourapartmentfornearlythree.week.Thedriveiscultureshocknumberone.Weseepeopleeverywhere.Also,BeijingseemstobemoremodernthanitshasbeenwritteninallthebooksonChinaIhaveread.MyfriendandIareextremelyastonishedbythenumberofbicyclesontheroad,trulythekingdomofbicycles.現(xiàn)在進行時：a.正在進行的動作常用的時間狀語：（right）nowatthe（this）momentatpresentExamples：Robertisteachingatthismoment。Mendelisworkingonthefirstdraftofhisessay。I’mlookingformyumbrellarightnow.He’senjoyingaholidayrightnow.b.表達在現(xiàn)在一段時間內重復發(fā)生的動作，但是動作在說話時不一定正在進行。常用的時間副詞：thesedaysNowadaystodaythissemester/quarterthisweek/month/yearExamples:He’srelaxingthisweek.He’sworkingasalibrarianthissemester.c.對一類經常發(fā)生的事情所表達的強烈情感常用的時間副詞：AlwaysForeverconstantlyExamples:He’salwayscomplaining.（他怎么總是抱怨。）You’realwaysdancing.（你怎么總是跳舞，是不是太多了吧。）一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在完成時一般現(xiàn)在時：表達的動作不表明動作從何時開始或已進行了多長時間。Examples:HelenandTomarehappilymarried.Brucelistenstothenewseverymorning.現(xiàn)在完成時:a.現(xiàn)在完成時所表達的動作正在進行,但句子總是表明動作是什么時候開始的。Examples:HelenandTomhavebeenhappilymarriedsincetheirweddingday60yearsago.Brucehaslistenedtothenewsallhislifewithoutmissingaday.b.與現(xiàn)在完成時常用的兩個詞:ForandSinceFor:表示動作持續(xù)的一段時間。如:fortwominutes/weeks/years；forseveraldays/alongtime/thepastmonth而在一般現(xiàn)在時不能與之連用。Since:表示動作從何時開始時間點.如:since6:00/Apr.23/lastweek/theaccident現(xiàn)在進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在進行時：表示一個正在進行的動作,但不表明動作從什么時候開始的。Examples:Heiswaitingoverthere.MatthewisstudyingChineseinBeijing.現(xiàn)在完成時：可表明發(fā)生動作的具體數(shù)字和次數(shù)。Examples:Hehastriedtopasstheexamtwice.一般過去時和過去進行時a.二者的區(qū)別在于一般過去進行時表示在過去某個特定時間正在進行的動作。Examples:Mybrotherwassleepingat2:00yesterdayafternoon.Myneighbor’sdogwasbarkingat3:00thismorning.b.二者的區(qū)別在于一般過去進行時表示在過去同一時間兩個同時進行的動作。與之常用的時間副詞:while,asExamples;RobertwasmovingthelawnwhileSusanwasfixingthecar.AsMichaelwasvisitingParis,RobertwasteachingEnglishclassesinBeijing.一般過去時和過去將來時二者的區(qū)別在于過去將來時表示在過去打算做,但是沒有做的動作.而一般過去時表示為什么沒有做的原因。Examples:IwasgoingtobecomearockstarbutIdidn’tknowtherightpeopleinthemusicbusiness.一般過去時和過去完成時二者的區(qū)別在于過去完成時表示在過去的過去所發(fā)生的動作。Examples:Marywashungrybecauseshehadn’teatenbreakfast.Charlielosthiswaytothehotelalthoughhehadbeenthereafewdaysearlier.IrealizedthatIhadn’teatenasingleFrenchFrysinceIstartedmydiet.一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時一般現(xiàn)在時在時間和條件從句當中表示將來時的動作。Examples:AssoonasIsaveenoughmoneyI’llbuyabighouse.WhenhegetsbackhomehewillphoneafriendinNewYork.Ifitrainstomorrowwewillcancelthecampingtrip.過去進行時{be(was,were)+現(xiàn)在分詞}動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)試題與解析（）1.Hesteppedintotheoffice,_____downandbegantofillintheforms.A.sittingB.tositC.satD.havingit（）2.Shesaidshewouldtelephonebutwe_____fromhersofar.A.haven’theardB.didn’thearC.hadn’theardD.won’thear（）3.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilm____fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hadbeenonD.was（）4.I’llgowithyouassoonasI____myhomework.A.willfinishB.finishC.amfinishingD.finished（）5.Ifit_____tomorrow,Iwon’tgotothecinema.A.willrainB.rainsC.israiningD.rained（）6.Sheisgoingtobeanursewhenshe_____up.A.isgoingtogrowB.growsC.growingD.grew（）7.下列四句是“這本書我已經買了三個月了?！钡挠⒆g文，哪一種不對？A.Ihavehadthisbookforthreemonths.B.Ihaveboughtthisbookforthreemonths.C.Iboughtthisbookthreemonthsago.D.ItisthreemonthssinceIboughtthisbook.（）8.——Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.——Oh,howniceofyou!I_____you_____tobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didn’tthink;weregoingD.had’tthought;weregoing（）9.WhenIwasatcollegeI_____threeforeignlanguages,butI_____allexceptforafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten（）10.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_____andalotofthings____.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen（）11.Thevolleyballmacthwillbeputoffifit____.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israining（）12.Mary_____adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes（）13.Thestudents_____busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe_____intheoffice.A.hadwriten;leftB.werewriting;hasleftC.hadwritten;hadleftD.werewriting;hadleft（）14.——Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?——Noyet,therooms_____,A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting（）15.——Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.——Whatdoyousuppose____toher?A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.havinghappened（）16.——Doyouknowourtownatall?——No,thisisthefirsttimeI_____here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming（）17.——Wecouldhavewalkedotthestation.Itwassonear.——Yes,Ataxi_____atallnecessary.A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.won’tbe（）18.Ifcitynoises_____fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto（）19.Tom_____intothehousewhennoone_____.A.slipped;waslookingB.hadslipped;lookedC.slipped;hadlookedD.wasslippping;looked（）20.ThelasttimeI_____Janeshe____cottoninthefields.A.hadseen;waspickingB.saw;pickingC.hadseen;pickedD.saw;waspicking（）21.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.A.leavesB.wouldsleaveC.leftD.hadleft（）22.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea_____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served（）23.ThepenI____I____isonmydesk,rightundermynose.A.think;lostB.thought;hadlostC.think;hadlostD.thought;havelost（）24.——Howlong____eachotherbeforethey____married?——Foraboutayear.A.havetheyknown;getB.didtheyknow;weregoingtogetC.dotheyknow;aregoingtogetD.hadtheyknown;got（）25.Mydictionary_____.Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill____it.A.haslost;don’tfindB.ismissing;don’tfindC.haslost;haven’tfoundD.ismissing;haven’tfound（）26.——CanIjointheclub,Dad?——Youcanwhenyou____abitolder.A.getB.willgetC.aregettingD.willhavegot（）27.——I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.——Oh,notatall.I____hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe（）28.——Doyoulikethematerial（材料）?——Yes,it_____verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt（）29.Idon’treallyworkhere.I____untilthenewsecretaryarrives.A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.iscompleted（）30.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.A.hascompletedB.completesC.