中考英語閱讀理解07-科技說明

閱讀理解(七)科技說明A[2019·原創(chuàng)]ManypeoplehopetovisittheWhiteHouseinpersonsomedayinthefuture.ButmostpeoplewillnevergetachancetogoinsidetheWhiteHouse,thefamoushomeofthePresidentoftheUnitedStates.Luckily,thereisanewappthatcanbringtheWhiteHousetolifeforanyonewithasmartphoneequippedforcomputerprograms.Toexperiencethisfamousbuilding,youjustneedyoursmartphoneandaone-dollarbill.Thenewappiscalled1600,whichmakesonethinkoftherealstreetaddressoftheWhiteHouse,1600PennsylvaniaAvenue,inWashingtonD.C.The1600appcreatesasmallWhiteHouseonyoursmartphone.Afterdownloading(下載)it,youonlyneedtopointthecameraonthephoneatonedollartostarttheexperience.Thedollarthenchangesintoathree-dimensional(三維的)modeloftheWhiteHousebeforeyoureyes.Itcreatesimageshavinglength,widthandheight.Whenthesmartphoneismovedaround,theimagesofthebuildingalsochange.TheUSformer(前任的)PresidentBarackObama’sPressSecretary,JoshEarnest,providesexplanationaspartoftheapp.HeprovideslotsofthehistoricalinformationabouttheWhiteHouse,talksabouthowthebuildingisusedtodayanddescribessomeeventsheldthere.TheappshowssomeofthechangesontheWhiteHousegroundsaroundtheyear.YoucanwatchtheEasterEggRollinspringandseeaformalarrival(來訪)ceremonyforaforeignleader.What’smore,thereisevenahiddensurprisetocatchifyoutouchontheOvalOffice.That’sreallycool!“WehopeyouenjoyandsharethisnewwayofhavingalookinsidetheWhiteHouse,”JoshEarnestsaid.Thenewappisthelatestwaythatthegovernmenthasusedtechnologyasaneducationaltool.Thistimeitgivespeopleallovertheworldthechancetovisit“ThePeople’sHouse”.MichelleObamahassaidtheWhiteHouseisalsocalled“ThePeople’sHouse”becauseitisaplacewhereallpeopleshouldfeelwelcome.1.TheWhiteHouseisusedfor.

A.theGreatHalloftheUS B.thehomeofthePresidentoftheUSC.theinformationofficeoftheUS D.theZhongnanhaioftheUS2.1600isanappthatcan.

A.bringtheWhiteHousetoourlifeB.feelwelcomeintheWhiteHouseC.experiencethelifeintheWhiteHouseD.sharethenewtechnologyineducation3.Theunderlinedword“explanation”maymeaninChinese.

A.解釋 B.辯解 C.移出 D.移植4.Wecan’tseethroughtheapp.

A.theEasterEggRollinspringB.asurprisingpictureoftheOvalOfficeC.aformalarrivalceremonyforaforeignleaderD.thechangesontheWhiteHousegroundsallyear5.WhichisWRONGaboutthenewappaccordingtothepassage?A.Itwillcostusonedollartouseit.B.Itcanbeusedasaneducationaltool.C.Itcanshowusa3-DmodeloftheWhiteHouse.D.ItgivesusthechancetolookinsidetheWhiteHouse.B[2019·原創(chuàng)]Astronautshaveverybusylives.Eachdaytheyarecarefullyplannedbymission(任務)control.The12-hourworkingdayontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)beginswithawake-upcall.Afteraquickwashwithawetcloth,thecrew(全體乘務員)havebreakfastandrunthroughthejobsfortheday.Spacestationsarelikelargehousesthatneedmuchcareandattention.Muchofthecrew’stimeisspentpreparingandcarryingoutscientificexperiments.Atleasttwohourseachdayisspentonexercise.Itisnecessarytokeepthecrewhealthy.Insomeways,livinginaspacestationislikebeingonadesertedisland.Acrewoftwoorthreeastronautshastosurvivefarfromhomeforweeksormonths.Iftheirmissionistobeasuccess,theyhavetolearntoliveandworktogetherasateam.Crewmembershavetolearntosharejobs,suchascleaningandrepairs.Theyalsohavetotalkaboutproblemsanddiscusshowtodealwiththem.Astronautsfirstfeeltheinfluenceofweightlessness(失重)whentherocketenginesareturnedoff.Straightaway,theybegintofloat(漂浮),helddownonlybyseatbelts.Weightlessnessallowsastronautstoappearsuperhumanstrength.Theycanliftobjectsthatwouldbefartooheavytomoveontheearth.Withouttheinfluenceofgravity(重力),astronautsbecomeweak.Tostayfit,theyhavetoexerciseseveralhourseachday.Inaspacestation,thereisnoupordown.Thereisnodifferencebetweenafloorandaceiling(天花板).Thiscanmakeastronautsfeelsickuntiltheygetusedtothisstrangeenvironment.1.AstronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationworkforhourseveryday.

A.8 B.10 C.11 D.122.Whatisthecrew’stimemainlyusedfor?A.Exercising. B.Doingscientificexperiments.C.Reading. D.Cleaning.3.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“survive”inChinese?A.休養(yǎng) B.苦思 C.生存 D.調查4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Astronautsneedtoworkasateam.B.Weightlessnessmakesastronautsbecomestrong.C.Thereareupanddowninaspacestation.D.Astronautsexerciseonehoureachday.5.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Astronauts’livesinthespacestationB.TheinfluenceofweightlessnessC.HowtoliveinthespacestationD.HowtoexerciseinthespacestationC[2019·原創(chuàng)]Inordertomakedriverskeeptheirhandsonthewheelandtheireyesontheroad,anewJapanesesmartphoneappoffersfreecoffeetodriverswhodon’tchecktheirphonesforatleast100kilometers.Inthelast3years,therehavebeen443,691trafficaccidentsinatownofJapan,and50,101deathshappenedbecauseofusingsmartphoneswhiledriving.SoaJapanesecompanyinventedanewappwhichcouldgivedriverssomerewardsiftheydidn’tchecktheirphoneswhiledriving.Bydoingthis,itcangreatlyreducethenumberoftrafficaccidents.Toyota(豐田)MotorCorporation,KomedaCo.LtdandKDDICorporationhaveworkedtogethertocreatethisdrivingapp.Itusesthephone’sgyro(陀螺儀)sensortosensethetilt(傾斜)ofthecars.AnditcanuseGPStofigureoutthenumberofkilometersadriverhastraveledwiththesmartphonefacingdown.

Whentheappfindsthatthesmartphonehasnotbeenusedforatleast100kilometers,itwillrewardthedriverwithacupoficedcoffee.Therewardcanbeearnedforevery100kilometerswithoutcheckingthephone.Toyotasaysthatthisisthefirstsmartphoneappthatcanhelpsolvetheproblemsofdrivingsafety.ThisapphasbeenusedsinceSeptember20th,2016,anditisavailableforbothiOSandAndroidsystems.Uptonow,ithasonlyworkedinJapan.1.LotsoftrafficaccidentshavehappenedinJapanbecausethedriverswhiledriving.

A.drinkcoffee B.talkwithothersC.listentomusic D.usetheirsmartphones2.Thesmartphoneappismadeto.

A.rewardthedrivers B.makesuretrafficsafetyC.checkthedrivingspeed D.improveairpollution3.hasthesamemeaningastheunderlinedwords“figureout”.

A.Findout B.Workout C.Tryout D.Giveout4.Thedriverscangetasarewardiftheydrivewithoutusingtheirsmartphonesforatleast100kilometers.

A.aboxofbeer B.aglassofmilkC.abottleofwater D.acupoficedcoffee5.WhichisWRONGaboutthenewappaccordingtothepassage?A.ThesmartphoneappcanbeusedonlyinJapanforever.B.Thesmartphoneappcansensethetiltofthecars.C.Threecompaniesworkedtogethertocreatethisdrivingapp.D.IOSandAndroidsystemscanusethesmartphoneapp.參考答案A[主旨大意]本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹的是一款能夠觀看白宮內景的應用軟件,同時也介紹了通過該軟件能夠在白宮看到的內容。1.B細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段第二句“ButmostpeoplewillnevergetachancetogoinsidetheWhiteHouse,thefamoushomeofthePresidentoftheUnitedStates.”可知,白宮是美國總統(tǒng)的家。故選B。2.A細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Luckily,thereisanewappthatcanbringtheWhiteHousetolifeforanyonewithasmartphoneequippedforcomputerprograms.”可知,有一款新的應用程序可以將白宮帶到任何有配備電腦程序的手機的人的生活中。故選A。3.A詞義猜測題。根據下一句“HeprovideslotsofthehistoricalinformationabouttheWhiteHouse,talksabouthowthebuildingisusedtodayanddescribessomeeventsheldthere.”可推知,美國前總統(tǒng)的新聞秘書JoshEarnest的作用是解釋,比如提供白宮的歷史信息、講述這棟建筑是如何被使用的以及描述那里舉行的一些活動。explanation的意思是“解釋”。故選A。4.B細節(jié)理解題。根據第八段“TheappshowssomeofthechangesontheWhiteHousegroundsaroundtheyear.YoucanwatchtheEasterEggRollinspringandseeaformalarrivalceremonyforaforeignleader.”可知,我們通過這款app看不到一幅令人驚訝的橢圓形辦公室照片。故選B。5.A細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段“The1600appcreatesasmallWhiteHouseonyoursmartphone.Afterdownloadingit,youonlyneedtopointthecameraonthephoneatonedollartostarttheexperience.”可知,我們需要用手機上的相機對準一美元開始體驗1600應用程序在智能手機上創(chuàng)建的小的白宮,而不是花費一美元去體驗。A項敘述錯誤。故選A。B[主旨大意]本文是一篇說明文,講述了宇航員一天的生活。他們的主要任務是做科學實驗,但每天做鍛煉是必不可少的,因為失重狀態(tài)下對人的身體影響很大。宇航員是作為一個團隊來工作的,所以團隊精神是必需的。1.D細節(jié)理解題。根據首段第三句“The12-hourworkingdayontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)beginswithawake-upcall.”可知,宇航員在國際太空站每天工作12小時。故選D。2.B細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段第二句“Muchofthecrew’stimeisspentpreparingandcarryingoutscientificexperiments.”可知,宇航員的時間很多被花在準備和執(zhí)行科學實驗上。故選B。3.C詞義猜測題?！吧妗迸c上文“…livinginaspacestationislikebeingonadesertedisland.”即把太空站比作沙漠孤島,那么人就要想辦法生存下來。故選C。4.A細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段第一句“…theyhavetolearntoliveandworktogetherasateam.”可知,宇航員在太空要學