專業(yè)英語八級模擬試卷713(題后含答案及解析)

專業(yè)英語八級模擬試卷713(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION2.READINGCOMPREHENSION3.GENERALKNOWLEDGE4.PROOFREADING&ERRORCORRECTION5.TRANSLATION6.WRITINGPARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(35MIN)SECTIONAMINI-LECTUREDirections:Inthissectionyousillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.聽力原文：TipsonHavingMoreFruittoKeepingYouHealthyGoodevening,ladiesandgentlemen,I’dliketotalkaboutworkingmorefruitintoyourdietsoastoprovidebetterprotectionagainstchronichealthproblemslikeheartdisease,diabetesandcancer.Peoplemayhavethefollowingquestionsintheirminds:Howcanyouworkmorefruitintoyourdiet?Cannothingonenoughfruitmakeupfornoteatingveggies?What’sthemostnutritioustypeoffruitjuice?HowcanIworkinmoredailyservings,ifIdon’tusuallyeatmuchfruit?Well,havingfruitaroundisthefirststep,butsinceyou’renotinthehabitofreachingforit,youneedtomakeitveryvisibleifyouwanttoboostyourdailyservings.Trykeepingsmallamountoutonthekitchencounteroronyourdeskatworktoremindyourselftoreachforitatsnacktime.Tryputtingdessertfruitonthetableatthesametimeastherestofthemeal.Butfruitdoesnotneedtobesavedforsnacksanddesserts.Tryusingfruitinsaladsmoreoften,eitherwithall-fruitsaladsormixedintogreensalads.Youmaybesurprisedathowwellmostfruitscancomplementalmostanysalad.Dicedfruit,aloneorcombinedwithsweetpeppersandonion,makeswonderfulfruitsaladforfishorchicken.Toremembertoaddfruittodisheslikethese,storeitintherefrigeratorwithatleastoneoftheotheringredientsusedinthedish.Youwillbemorelikelytorememberittherethanifit’stuckedawayinitsownsectionofthefrige(=refrigerator).Well,sinceIdon’tlikemanyvegetables,canIeatfivefruitsadayinsteadtogetthenutrientsIneed?Someonemayaskquestionslikethis.Oh,eatingplentyoffruitiscertainlybetterthanskippingtheproducedepartmentandit’struethatmanyofthenutrientsinvegetablescanalsobefoundinfruit.Togetabroadarrayofthesenutrients,includingfiber,vitamins,mineralsanddisease-fightingphotochemical,eatingawidevarietyoffruitiscrucial.Butevendoingthiswillnotcompletelycompensateforalackofvegetables.Forexample,thephotochemicalfoundincruciferousvegetableslikebroccoliandcauliflowerarenotfoundinmeaningfulamountsinanyfruit(asbestweknowtoday).Thesesubstancesarepowerfulcancer-fightersthatinfluencehormonesandaffectactivationanddetoxificationofcarcinogens.Ifyourpreferenceforfruitmeansthatyourtastebudsaresensitivetothesharp,somewhatbitterflavorofsomevegetables,tryaddingalittleoliveoilorseasoningsthatcouldsmoothouttheir“bite”.Thesweetflavorsincranberry-orangesauceandChinesehoisinsauce,ortherichflavorofgratedcheese,saladdressing,ormarinadesmaybeenoughtoturnyouintoavegetablelover.Anddon’tlimityourselftofiveservingsofvegetablesandfruitsaday.Fiveistheminimumforgoodhealth,butmorethanthatprovidesbetterprotectionagainstchronichealthproblemslikeheartdisease,diabetesandcancer.Isfruitjuicelabeled“notfromconcentrate”morenutritious?Thisisaquestionoftenaskedaboutfruitjuice.Mostpeoplelikefruitjuice.Whethermadefromconcentrateorfreshlysqueezed,juicehasthesamevitaminandmineralcontent.Ifyouprefertherefrigeratedjuicethatisnotmadefromconcentrate,makesurethelabelconfirmsit’sbeenpasteurized.Unpasteurizedjuicecancontainsmallamountsofbacteriathatmaycausepeoplewithweakenedimmunesystemstobecomeill.Children,theelderly,thosewhoareillandthosewithdiabetesorHIV/AIDSshouldavoidunpasteurizedjuice.Isproperdietoneofthemainfactorsthathelppeoplelivelonger?Orwhatarethemainfactorsthatdeterminehowlongpeoplewilllive’?Thisisaquestioninwhichalmosteveryoneisinterested.Andalotofresearchworkhasbeendoneinthisfield.Forinstance,DrDavidDemko,whohasservedontwoAmericangovernmentcommissionsinvestigatingtheeffectsofageing,believesthatalonglifeisnotjustaquestion“ofsmartgenesanddumbluck”.“Eightypercentofthefactorsthatcontrolhowlongyoulivearerelatedtoyourlifestyle,notyourgenes,”saysDr.Demko,whoreceivedthedistinguishedserviceawardbytheAmericanAssociationofUniversityProfessors.Heacceptsthatgeneticinheritancegivespeopleaheadstartbutsaysfourotherfactorsareequallyimportant;livingameaningfullife,diet,exerciseandanalertmind.Hisquestionnaireisbasedonanaveragelifeexpectancyof79,withyearsaddedordeducteddependingontheanswers.Dr.Demkosaysthatifyourscoreisdismallylowthenitisnottoolatetoadoptahealthylifestyle.However,hewarns:“Ifyoudolivelongeryouwillhavetoworryaboutoutlivingyourmoney.”Sincefruitandvegetablesdon’treallycosttoomuchcomparedwithotherthings,youdon’thavetoworryabouttheabovetips,whatyouneedtodoistogiveupsomeunhealthyhobbiesandwaysoflife.Ifyoukeeponobservingrightproportionofdiets,eatingmorefruitandveggies,youwillsurelybehealthyandwealthy.TipsonHavingMoreFruittoKeepingYouHealthyI.Afewstepsyouneedtohelphavemorefruit:1)Havingfruitaroundisthe【1】.【1】______2)Trykeepingsmallamountouton【2】toremindyourselftoreachforitatsnacktime.【2】______3)Tryputting【3】onthetableatthesametimeastherestofthemeal.【3】______4)Tryusingfruitinsaladsmoreoften.II.Eatingplentyoffruitisbetterthanskippingtheproduce【4】【4】______1)Manyofthenutrientsin【5】tobefoundinfruit.【5】______2)Togeta【6】ofthesenutrients.【6】______3)Nottocompletely【7】alackofvegetables.【7】______III.Themainfactorsthathelppeoplelivelonger:AccordingtoDrDavidDemko,4otherfactorsareequallyimportant:【8】,diet,【8】______exerciseandanalertmind.Ⅳ.Thewaystobehealthyandwealthy.1)Togiveupsome【9】hobbiesandwaysoflife.【9】______2)Tokeeponobservingright【10】ofdiets,eatingmorefruitandveggies.【10】______1．【1】正確答案：firststep2．【2】正確答案：thekitchencounter3．【3】正確答案：dessertfruit4．【4】正確答案：department/store，5．【5】正確答案：vegetables6．【6】正確答案：broadarray/bigvariety7．【7】正確答案：compensatefor/makeupfor8．【8】正確答案：livingameaningful1ife9．【9】正確答案：unhealthy10．【10】正確答案：proportionSECTIONBINTERVIEWDirections:InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.聽力原文：Officer:Mrs.Harrison(It),thanksverymuchforcomingdownheretothestation.I—Iknowyou’yebeenthroughaterriblesituationheretoday.Urn...I’djustliketogooversomeofthethingsthatyoutoldSergeantClarkatthebank.H:Allright.O:Uh,wouldyoulikeacupoftea?H:No.No,I’mfine.O:Allright.H:Thanks.O:Well,urn...couldyoudescribethetwopeoplewhorobbedthebankforthisreportwe’refillingouthere?Now,anythingatallthatyoucanrememberwouldbeextremelyhelpfultous.H:Well,uh...just...IcanonlyrememberbasicallywhatIsaidbefore.O:That’sallright.H:Themanwastall...uh...aboutsixfeet,andhehaddarkhairO:Darkhair.H:Andhehadamoustache.O:Verygood.Allright,didhehaveanyotherdistinguishingmarks,Imeanscars,forexample,anythinglikethat?H:Sears...tun...no.No,nonethatIcanremember.O:Doyourememberhowoldhewas,byanychance?H:Uh...well,I—Iguessaroundthirty....O:Aroundthirty.H:...maybeyounger,plusorminusafewyears.O:Mm-hmm.Allright,doyou,uh,rememberanythingaboutwhathemighthavebeenwearing?H:Yes.Yes,he—hehadonadarksweater,a—asolidcolour.Youknow,.thekindofcolouryoungpeoplefancynowadays.O:Or.Urn...anythingelsethatstrikesyouatthemoment?H:I—Irememberhewaswearingalightshirtunderthesweater.Acottononewithdark,Ithink,darkstripes.Itlookedlikeagoodbrand.O:Ah,verygood.H:Yes,yes.O:Mm—hmrmAllright,now,canyoutellusanythingaboutthefemalerobber,Mrs.Harrison?H:Well,Irememberthatshedidmostofthetalking.Shehadthegunpointedatusandshetoldustoliedown,andnottomoveifweknewwhatwasgoodforus.Irememberitjustfeltlikeshewaspointingthegunfightatme,andmylittledaughterwasfightnexttomeandshe—shewasjustsofrightened...O:Uh,Mrs.Harrison,couldyoudescribeherforus?H:Ugh.Shewaswearingawoolsweater...O:Ah,verygood.H:Irememberitwasadarkcolor,navyblueor...ordarkgrey.O:darkgrey,mm—hrnm.H:...andIguessshewasinherlatetwenties.Uh,herhairwasshort,veryshortandabitcurly.O:Doyourememberhowtallshewas?H:Uh...aboutthesameasmyself,aroundfivefour.O:Fivefour,mm—hmm.Allright,doyou,uh....rememberanythingelseaboutthiswoman?H:Yes.Irememberthatthewomanwaswearingapendantaroundherneck.O:Uh—hmm.H:IrememberspecificallybecauseIwasthennearthecounter,nexttothebankmanager,andmylittledaughterstartedtocryO:Oh.H:...andthiswomancameuptomeandwasveryrudetomydaughter.SoIhadagoodlookatherand...andshewassonof,uh,pullingonthechain,uh,playingwiththependant.O:Oh?H:Itwasgold,uh,well,anyway,itlookedlikegold,anditgotastrangeshape.O:Mm—hmm.Dideitherofthemhaveanyother,uh,noticeablecharacteristics,Mrs.Harrison?Now,justtakeamomentH:No,Idon’t...O:...tothinkaboutthis.H:No.No,andthisisreallyallIcanremember.O:Well,dideitherofthemwearglasses?H:No,no,I’msureofthat.O:Mm—hmm.Allfight,Mrs.Harrison,Ireallyappreciatewhatyou’rebeenthroughtoday.I’mjustgoingmaskyoutolookatsomepohtographsbeforeyouleave,ifyoudon’tmind.Itwon’ttakeverylong.Canyoudothatforme?H:Oh,allright.O:Wouldyouliketostepthiswaywithme,please?H:Ok.Sure.O:Thankyou.11．Whatstrikesthewomanmostaboutthemalerobberishis______.A．clothesB．a(chǎn)geC．physiqueD．a(chǎn)ppearance正確答案：A12．Themostdetailedinformationaboutthewomanrobberisher______.A．mannersB．talkativenessC．heightD．jewelry正確答案：D13．Theintervieweeisbelievedtobeabank______.A．receptionistB．managerC．customerD．cashier正確答案：C14．WhichofthefollowingaboutthetworobbersisNOTtrue?A．Bothwerewearingdarksweaters.B．Neitherwaswearingglasses.C．Bothwereaboutthesameage.D．Oneofthemwasmarkedbyascar.正確答案：D15．Aftertheincidenttheintervieweesounded______.A．calmandquietB．nervousandnumbC．timidandconfusedD．shockedandangry正確答案：ASECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTDirections:InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Attheendofeachnewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.聽力原文：PresidentBushqualifiedhispledgetodismissanyWhiteHouseofficialfoundtohaveleakedthenameofaCIAoperative,sayingMondaythat“ifsomeonecommittedacrime”hewouldbefired.InSeptember2003,theWhiteHousehadsaidanyonewholeakedclassifiedinformationinthecasewouldbedismissed.BushreiteratedthatpromiselastJune,sayinghewouldfireanyonefoundtohavedisclosedtheCIAofficer’sname.DemocratssaidBushinhisnewcommentshad“l(fā)oweredtheethicsbar”forhisadministration.BushwouldnotsaywhetherhewasdispleasedthatKarlRove,thedeputychiefofstaff,toldareporterthatthewifeofadministrationcriticJosephWilsonworkedfortheCIAonweaponsofmassdestructionissues.A2003phonecallwithRovewasthefirsttimethatMatthewCooperofTimemagazinehadheardthatWilson’swifeworkedattheagency,accordingtoafirst-personaccountbyCooperinthemagazine.Thepresident,inan.EastRoomnewsconferencewithIndianPrimeMinisterManmohanSingh,saidtherewasa“seriousongoinginvestigation.”16．Accordingtothenews,itwas______whofirstleakedthenameofMrs.WilsonasaCIAoperative.A．ManmohanSinghB．MathewCooperC．presidentBushD．KarlRove正確答案：DPARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN)Directions:Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.TheFDAmayrescinditsapprovalofAvastin,acolon-cancerdrug.Ifthesummerof2009wastheseasonof“deathpanels,”asthedebateoverhealth-carereformexploded,thisistheseasonof“17.5kdeadwomenayear.“That’sthebodycountscaremongersarepredictingiftheFoodandDrugAdministrationrescindsitsprovisionalapprovalofthedrugAvastinformetastaticbreastcancer,adecisionexpectedbyyear’send.Althoughthemovehasnothingtodowiththenewhealth-carelaw,uncertaintyabout“Obama-care”hasgivenopponentsanopeningtoterrifypeopleaboutwhat’scoming—likebureaucratsrationinghealthcaretosavemoney.Therealityisfardifferentand,forthosewhocaremoreabouthelpingcancerpatientsthanaboutscoringpoliticalpoints,muchsadder.That’sbecausein2008,whentheFDAgave“fasttrack”approvalforAvastininbreastcancerthathasmetastasized—usuallytothelungs,bones,liver,orbrain—itwasconditionalonthemanufacturer,Genentech,runningadditionalclinicaltrialsofthedrug’ssafetyandefficacy.Therewasgoodreasonforthat.Avastinisanangiogenesisinhibitor,aclassofcancerdrugsthathavenotliveduptotheirhype:althoughtheystoponemechanismbywhichmalignantcellsgrowbloodvesselstosustainthem,thecellsoftenactivateadifferentmechanismandgoonproliferating.AlthoughAvastindoesextendthelivesofpatientswithmetastaticcolorectalandkidneycancer,andremainsFDA-approvedforthoseuses,thenewstudiesshowitdoesnotworkthesamemiracleagainstmetastaticbreastcancer(MBC).Instead,Avastinincreasedwhat’scalledprogression-freesurvival(howlongbeforecancerspreadsorgrows)byaboutonetothreeWeeks,dependingonwhichchemoagentitwaspairedwith.Butitdidnotkeepwomenaliveanylongerthanchemoalone.Tosomeadvocates,progression-freesurvivalwithoutanincreaseinoverallsurvivalisstillwelcome,sinceitsuggestspatientshaveabetterqualityoflifeduringtheirlastmonths.Butit’shardtomakethatcaseforAvastin.Notonlydiditnotkeepwomenalive,butitalsocausedhypertension,hemorrhaging,bowelperforations,andothersideeffects.“Itseemsasifthedrug’stoxicitycancelsoutanybenefit,”cancersurgeonDavidGorskioftheKarmanosCancerInstitutetoldme.Perforatedbowelsdonotequalabetterqualityoflife.ThesedismalresultsarewhatledanFDApaneltovote12—1inJulytorescindtheconditionalapprovalofAvastinforMBC.Criticsofhealth-carereform,predictably,sawnefariousmotives—inparticular,evidencethatObamacarewillrationexpensivedrugs.(Avastincostssome$88,000ayear,thoughfewpatientslivethatlong.)TheWallStreetJournaleditorializedaboutthe“Avastinmugging,”andSen.DavidVitteraccusedtheFDAof“assigningavaluetoadayofaperson’slife.“IfAvastindidextendlivesfor,let’ssay,$10,000aday,Vittermighthaveacase.Butitdoesn’textendlifeatall.Thatmakesallegationslikethe17,500deadwomen(fromaright-wingblag)“utterdemagogueryofthemostvileanddespicablesort,”GorskiwroteontheblogScience-BasedMedicine.Therearestoriesgaloreofwomenwithmetastaticbreastcancerwhoarealive“becauseofAvastin.”Indeed,patientshavebeenfloodingtheairwavesandblogospherewithclaimsthatAvastinhelpedthem.ButtheonlywaytotellwhetherAvastindeservesthecreditforkeepingpatientsaliveisthroughlargestudies.“Therearealwayspatientswholivelongerthanaverage,”biostatisticianDonaldBerryoftheMD?AndersonCancerCentertoldme.“Theyattributeittothetreatment;peoplelovetomakeattributions.”ButwhentheproportionofpatientsaliveatanygiventimeinastudyisthesamewhethertheyarereceivingAvastinornot—asthetwolargetrialsfound—thencreditingAvastinis“verylikelywrong.“ThatsomewomendidlivelongeronAvastin,Berryexplained,“maysimplyreflectthenaturalheterogeneityofthediseaseandsaynothingaboutthetherapy.“DoctorscankeepprescribingAvastinformetastaticbreastcanceroff-label,thoughinsurerswillnotpayforit.Someactivistswelcomethat.Thereis“noevidenceofclinicalbenefitfromAvastin,yetthereisharm,”saysFranVisco,presidentoftheNationalBreastCancerCoalition.“Weneedtodemandmoreoftreatmentbeforeweunleashitonthepublic.“Science-basedmedicineisn’talwayspretty.Butit’sbetterthanpolitics-basedmedicine,whichiswhatsomecriticsoftheAvastindecisionarepracticing—andmuchbetterthandeludingourselvesintothinkingsomethingworkswhenitdoesn’t.17．Whatdoes“scaremonger”meaninthesecondparagraph?A．Aprophetwhocanpredictwhatwillhappeninthefuture.B．Apersonwhospreadsfrighteningrumorsandstirsuptrouble.C．Ascientistwhoisspecializedinmedicine.D．Asociologistwhoisconcernedaboutsocialissues.正確答案：B解析：該題考查考生的詞匯量和對上下文的理解?！眘caremonger”預(yù)測一年有17500名女性死亡，所以最為合適的意思是“危言聳聽者”。18．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthebenefitofAvastin?A．Itcanhelpmalignantcellsgrowbloodvesselstosustainthem.B．Itcanextendthelivesofpatientswithmetastaticcolorectalandkidneycancer.C．Itcanextendthelivesofpatientswithbreastcancer.D．Itcanhelppatientshaveabetterqualityoflifeduringtheirlastmonths.正確答案：C解析：首先，要看清題目，找出不正確的選項(xiàng)。所給的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)A、C和D分別可從第三段和第四段中得出均為正確的答案，而阿瓦斯丁不能延長乳腺癌病人的生命。19．WhymaytheFDArescinditsapprovalofAvastin?A．BecauseitmaycausebreastcancertometastasizetootherorgansB．Becauseitdidnotkeepwomenalive.C．Becauseitmaycausesideeffects.D．Becauseitstoxicityoutweighsitsbenefits.正確答案：D解析：文章第三段提到晚期乳腺癌是指腫瘤細(xì)胞已經(jīng)擴(kuò)散到身體其他部位，并不是阿瓦斯丁造成的。文章第四段提到阿瓦斯丁并不能延長晚期乳腺癌病人的生命。第五段中提到阿瓦斯丁會帶來一些副作用，但歸根結(jié)底，撤銷使用阿瓦斯丁的原因是使用阿瓦斯丁弊大于利。20．OpponentscriticizeFDA’srescindingitsapprovalofAvastinbecause______.A．AvastinistooexpensiveB．theythinkObamawillrationhealthcaretosavemoneyC．fewwomenbenefitfromtheuseofAvastinD．Avastiniseffectiveindealingwithcancers正確答案：B解析：答案中選項(xiàng)A和B較相近，易混淆。部分批評人士認(rèn)為美國食品與藥品管理局撤銷批準(zhǔn)使用阿瓦斯丁，是政府出于節(jié)省大額藥費(fèi)考慮，而不是科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)之后得出的結(jié)論。21．Thebesttitleofthepassageis______.A．It’snotaboutrationingB．WhytheFDAmayreversecourseonAvastinC．Avaluetoadayofaperson’slifeD．Avastin,acontroversialmedicine正確答案：B解析：該題為歸納推斷題。文章記述了美國食品與藥品管理局撤銷使用阿瓦斯丁治療晚期乳腺癌的批準(zhǔn)。所以最好的標(biāo)題是B。PARTIIIGENERALKNOWLEDGE(10MIN)Directions:Therearetenmultiple-choicequestionsinthissection.Choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.22．Griceintroducedfourcategoriesofmaxims,whichofthefollowingmeansthatweshouldbeclearinourmeaning?A．Themaximofquantity.B．Themaximofquality.C．Themaximofmanner.D．Themaximofrelation.正確答案：C解析：方式準(zhǔn)則的內(nèi)容：所言要簡練、條理清晰，避免產(chǎn)生歧義和表達(dá)晦澀。歸根結(jié)底，就是要清晰明了。知識模塊：語言學(xué)23．Bothsyntaxandsemanticsarethebranchesoflinguistics.Theformerstudiestherulesgoverningthecombinationofwordsintosentences,thelatterA．theformofwords.B．themeaningoflanguage.C．thesoundpatternsoflanguage.D．thechangeoflanguage.正確答案：B解析：Syntax(句法學(xué))研究語言中詞組合成句子的支配規(guī)則，Semantics(語義學(xué))研究語言所表達(dá)的含義。知識模塊：人文知識24．Startingfromthepre-linguisticcooingandbabblingstage,childrenmovethroughthe______stages,graduallyacquiringalltheelementsandskillsoflanguage.A．one-word,two-wordandthree-wordB．one-word,two-wordandmultiwordC．one-word,multiwordandsentenceD．one-word,two-word,three-wordandmultiword正確答案：D解析：兒童習(xí)得母語都是從咿呀學(xué)語的前語言階段開始，經(jīng)歷獨(dú)詞句(one-word)、雙詞句(two—word)和多詞句(multiword)階段，并隨著年齡的增長逐漸習(xí)得了成年人語言系統(tǒng)中的音系、形態(tài)、句法、詞匯、語義和話語技巧。知識模塊：語言習(xí)得25．Whoputforththewell-knownlinguisticformula“S→r→s→R”?A．FerdinanddeSaussure.B．L.Bloomfield.C．MaxWertheimer.D．NoamChomsky.正確答案：B解析：本題考查語言學(xué)知識。美國語言學(xué)家布龍菲爾德(L．Bloomfield，1887—1949)用“刺激一反應(yīng)”的理論來解釋什么是語言，即“語言可以在一個(gè)人受到刺激(S)時(shí)讓另一個(gè)人去作出反應(yīng)(R)?！睘榇耍麨檎Z言作出了一個(gè)著名的公式：S—r—s—R，其中S(stimulus刺激)是指實(shí)際刺激，r(response反應(yīng))指語言的替代性反應(yīng)，s指語言的替代性刺激，而R指實(shí)際反應(yīng)；因此公式可以解釋為：實(shí)際刺激S引起語言r的替代性反應(yīng)，即引起語言的發(fā)生，語青又作為替代性的刺激r引起實(shí)際的反應(yīng)R。26．Field,modeandtenoranalysisbelongtothefieldof______.A．interferenceB．idiolectC．dialectD．register正確答案：D27．Hemingwayisa______accordingtoGertrudeStein.A．lostgenerationB．beatgenerationC．romanticistD．transcedentalist正確答案：D解析：一戰(zhàn)后逐漸走向成熟的一批美國作家，如Hemingway，F(xiàn)itzgerald和Pound等被GertrudeStein稱為“迷惘的一代”。B跨掉的一代指50年代和60年代初的反傳統(tǒng)的年青人。Transcedentalism(先驗(yàn)主義)的代表人物是Emerson，Thoreau等。28．RobertBurnsisrememberedmainlyforhissongswritteninthe_____dialectonavarietyofsubjects.A．EnglandB．WelshC．ScottishD．Irish正確答案：C解析：羅伯特.彭斯是蘇格蘭最杰出的農(nóng)民詩人，他收集、整理了大量蘇格蘭民歌，并以此為基礎(chǔ)創(chuàng)作了數(shù)百首反映蘇格蘭人民勞動、生活和風(fēng)俗的詩歌。他的詩歌主旨鮮明，語言樸素，極富鄉(xiāng)土氣息。29．G.BShaw’splayMrs.Warren’sProfessionisarealisticexposureofthe______intheEnglishsociety.A．slumlandlordismB．politicalcorruptionC．inequalitybetweenmenandwomenD．economicexploitationofwomen正確答案：D解析：簫伯納的作品《華倫夫人的職業(yè)》以華倫夫人為中心，揭示了賣淫的罪惡，并將其歸咎于社會制度而不是道德淪喪的女人。清楚地揭示出人類所有的苦難正是那些所謂的值得尊敬的社會成員通過最卑賤、最骯臟、最厚顏無恥的手段所追求的殘酷經(jīng)濟(jì)剝削的結(jié)果。故選項(xiàng)D為正確。30．WhichofthefollowingisNOTaU.K.newspaper?A．TheGuardian.B．ChristianScienceMonitor.C．TheDailyTelegraph.D．TheTimes.正確答案：B解析：ChristianScienceMonitor(《基督教科學(xué)箴言報(bào)》)是美國很有影響的周報(bào)，TheGuardian(《衛(wèi)報(bào)》)、TheDailyTelegraph(《每日郵報(bào)》)、TheTimes(《泰晤士報(bào)》)均為英國的著名報(bào)紙。31．Whichofthefollowingcitiesiscalledthe“cradleofAmericanliberty”?A．Boston.B．NewYork.C．Philadelphia.D．Washington.正確答案：APARTIVPROOFREADING&ERRORCORRECTION(15MIN)Directions:Proofreadthegivenpassage.ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:(1)Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.(2)Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”signandwritetItwastwentyyearsagoandIwaslivinginParis.IhadatinyapartmentintheLatinQuarteroverlookacemetery,andIwas【1】______earningbarelylittlemoneytokeepbodyandsoultogether.Shehad【2】______readabookofmineandhadwrittenmeaboutit.Ianswered,【3】______thankedher,andpresentlyIreceivedfromheranotherlettersayingthatsheispassingthroughParisandwouldliketohaveachatwith【4】______me;andhertimewaslimited,andtheonlyfreemomentshehadwasatthefollowingThursday;shewasspendingthemorningatthe【5】______LuxembourgandshouldIgiveheralittleluncheonatFoyot’s【6】______afterwards?Foyot’sisarestaurantatwhichtheFrenchsenatorseat,anditwasfarbeyondmymeansthatIhadnevereventhought【7】______ofgoingthere.ButIwasflatteredandIwasveryyoungtohave【8】______learnedtosaynotoawomanFewmen,Imayadd,learnthisuntiltheyaretoooldtomakeitofanyconsequencetoawomanwhattheysay.Ihadeightyfrancs(goldfrancs)tolastformetherest【9】______ofmonth,andamodestluncheonshouldnotcostmorethanfifteen.【10】______IfIcutoutcoffeeforthenexttwoweeksIcouldmanagewellenough.32．【M1】正確答案：overlook—overlooking33．【M2】正確答案：little—enough34．【M3】正確答案：written∧me—to35．【M4】正確答案：is—was36．【M5】正確答案：at—on37．【M6】正確答案：should—would38．【M7】正確答案：was∧far—so39．【M8】正確答案：very—too40．【M9】正確答案：lestforme41．【M10】正確答案：of∧month—thePARTVTRANSLATION(60MIN)SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISHDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.42．我想不起來哪一個(gè)熟人沒有手機(jī)。今天沒有手機(jī)的人是奇怪的，這種人才需要解釋。我們的所有社會關(guān)系都儲存在手機(jī)的電話本里，可以隨時(shí)調(diào)出使用。古代只有巫師才能擁有這種法寶。手機(jī)刷新了人與人的關(guān)系。會議室門口通常貼著一條通告：請與會者關(guān)閉手機(jī)。可是會議室里的手機(jī)鈴聲仍然響成一片。我們都是普通人，并沒有多少重要的事情。盡管如此，我們也不會輕易關(guān)掉手機(jī)。打開手機(jī)象征我們與這個(gè)世界的聯(lián)系。手機(jī)反映出我們的“社交饑渴癥”。最為常見的是，一個(gè)人走羞走著突然停下來，眼睛盯著手機(jī)屏幕發(fā)短信。他不在乎停在馬路中央還是廁所旁邊。為什么對于手機(jī)來電和短信這么在乎?因?yàn)槲覀兤惹锌释c社會保持聯(lián)系。正確答案：Cellphonehasalteredtherelationshipamongpeople.Thereisusuallyanoticeonthedoorofthemeetingroom,whichreads,“Pleaseturnoffyourhandset.“However,phonesringnowandthenwhenthemeetinggoeson.Wearebutordinarypeopleandhavefewurgenciestotacklewith.Nevertheless,wewillnotswitchoffourphoneseasily.Phones-onsymbolizesourconnectingwiththisworld.Obviously,cellphonehasbeenreflectingour“thirstforsocialization”.Weareveryfamiliarwiththescenewhenapersonsuddenlystopshisorherstepstoeditshortmessageswitheyesgluedatthephonescreen,notcaringabouthisorherstoppingintheroadcenterorbesidetherestroom.解析：1．第二段第一句中的“刷新”，在這里實(shí)際指“改變”，而并非我們平常所指的含義，因此不宜譯成refurbish或renovate，翻譯為alter或change更恰當(dāng)。2．第二段第三句中的”響成一片”主要是表達(dá)“手機(jī)聲不時(shí)響起，此起彼伏，連綿不斷”之意，所以選用ringnowandthen比較貼切。3．“我們都是普通人，并沒有多少重要的事情”一句，隱含的意思是說：我們都只不過是普通人，沒有多少重要的事情要處理。所以翻譯時(shí)可增譯出but和totacklewith。4?！按蜷_手機(jī)”可形象地用phones-on來翻譯，“聯(lián)系”和“反映”兩個(gè)動詞翻譯時(shí)可以分別采用-ing形式和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，從而生動表達(dá)出這種現(xiàn)象依然在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。5．在翻譯第二段最后兩句時(shí)，我們首先要弄清楚，一個(gè)人停下來是為了“編輯短信”，而“眼睛盯著手機(jī)屏幕”則是用來形容編輯短信時(shí)的狀態(tài)，故可用with短語譯出。同樣，最后一句是修飾一個(gè)人突然停下來的伴隨行為，所以可以翻譯成動詞的一ing短語，不必單譯成句。知識模塊：漢譯英（論說文）SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESEDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.43．Itishisnaturetoconferbenefits,butheisashamedtoreceivethem;fortheformeristhepartofasuperior,thelatterofaninferior.Andwhenhehasreceivedabenefit,heisapttoconferagreaterinreturn;forthushiscreditorwillbecomehisdebtorandbeinthepositionofarecipientofhisfavour.Itischaracteristicofthehigh-mindedman,againneverorreluctantlytoaskfavours,buttobereadytoconferthem,andtobeloftyinhisbehaviourtothosewhoarehighinstationandfavouredbyfortune,butaffabletothoseofthemiddleranks;foritisadifficultthingandadig