全國(guó)統(tǒng)考2025屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)模塊三千變?nèi)f化的動(dòng)詞第4講動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致講義教案

PAGE模塊三千變?nèi)f化的動(dòng)詞第4講動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一樣Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空1.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Itmeans(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed(construct).2.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowerscarries(carry)specialsignificance.3.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Theartistwassurehewouldbechosen(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.4.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Theysmiledandpointed(point)downtheriver.5.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsIhavemade(make)overtheyears.6.(2024·江蘇高考)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembershasgiven(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.7.(2024·北京高考)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空四謹(jǐn)記1.明晰高考考查類(lèi)型:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)題,大致可分為以下3種類(lèi)型:一是題干中供應(yīng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),考生可干脆依據(jù)所給的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作出答案。二是供應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有較強(qiáng)的干擾性和迷惑性,考生不能干脆據(jù)此進(jìn)行答題。三是題干中不供應(yīng)任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),而是給出一個(gè)上下文情景或一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)較為困難的句子,考生必需細(xì)致分析語(yǔ)境,才能作出最佳答案。2.駕馭獨(dú)特的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)標(biāo)記(1)看到always,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);(2)看到y(tǒng)esterday,lastnight,afewdaysago,theotherday等要想到用一般過(guò)去時(shí);(3)看到since,sofar,uptonow,inthelast/pastfewyears等要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。留意:假如題干中沒(méi)有時(shí)間標(biāo)記詞,而是有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,這時(shí)我們應(yīng)當(dāng)將兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間進(jìn)行比較,依據(jù)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后,確定正確的時(shí)態(tài)。3.熟記固定句型中的時(shí)態(tài)(1)bedoing...when...,主句常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí);(2)Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)間段+since...表示“自從……以來(lái)已經(jīng)……”,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí);(3)祈使句+and/or+陳述句,陳述句常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。4.分清主動(dòng)被動(dòng),辨析語(yǔ)態(tài)看到動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞,后面缺少賓語(yǔ)要想到用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)1.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Actually,IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold.(start→started)2.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Mydaddon’tlikethesoupandIdon’tenjoyapples.(第一個(gè)don’t改為doesn’t)3.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)AndtheotheristhatIwantedtohelppeopleinneed.(is改為was)4.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Thoughitmayappearsimple,itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.(required改為requires)5.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)StillIunwillingtoplaythegamewiththemsometimes.(在I后加was)6.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttothecountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.(find改為found)Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)三定法1.明晰常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn),常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型有:①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)錯(cuò)用;②and前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一樣;③主謂不一樣;④缺少動(dòng)詞,特殊是be動(dòng)詞;⑤第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用;⑥主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)用。2.“六依據(jù)”定時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)(1)依據(jù)語(yǔ)篇和上下文整體把握時(shí)態(tài);(2)依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)推斷時(shí)態(tài);(3)依據(jù)連詞連接成分的對(duì)稱原則辨清時(shí)態(tài);(4)依據(jù)主句謂語(yǔ)識(shí)別從句時(shí)態(tài):在復(fù)合句中,主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可依據(jù)須要用各種時(shí)態(tài);主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài);(5)依據(jù)固定句式要求改正時(shí)態(tài);(6)依據(jù)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)辨析語(yǔ)態(tài)。3.“四看”定謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)(1)看主語(yǔ)為第一、二人稱還是第三人稱,確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式;(2)看到主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))/todo不定式或從句,要想到謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式;(3)看到“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ),要想到謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)取決于名詞;(4)看到therebe等結(jié)構(gòu),要想到就近一樣原則。一般時(shí)態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(do/does;is/am/are)(1)表示常常發(fā)生的、習(xí)慣性的、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞(詞組)always,everytime,nowandthen,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually,everyday/night等連用。(2)按時(shí)辰表、時(shí)刻表、日程表等支配將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come等動(dòng)詞。(3)普遍真理。(4)用在時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)?！鵗heearthgoesroundtheSunonceayear.※Heplaysbasketballeveryday.※(2024·江蘇高考)Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you’llfindprobablyasolutionthatsuitseveryone.※Thefilmstartsattwoo’clock.2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)(did;was/were)(1)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀況。(2)表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。【點(diǎn)津】would/usedtodo:表示過(guò)去常常做……※Weusedtogothereeveryyear.※Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.※—Haven’tseenyouforages!Wherehaveyoubeen?—IwenttoNingxiaandstayedthereforoneyear,teachingasavolunteer.【小題快練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Everyfewyears,thecoalworkershave(have)theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.②Therealreasonwhypriceswere(be),andstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.③Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogives(give)usasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.④Ithasbeenalongtimesincewemet(meet)inChinalasttime.進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/is/aredoing)(1)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,雖然此時(shí)此刻該動(dòng)作不肯定正在進(jìn)行。(2)表示按支配或支配即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常用的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear等。(3)表示說(shuō)話人現(xiàn)在對(duì)主語(yǔ)的行為表示贊美或厭惡等(常與always,constantly,continually等副詞連用)?！鵋eislisteningtoatape,buthecan’thearitclearly.※Heisleavingtomorrowtoplayhisfirstmatch.※WearealwaysfindingnewbeautiesinShakespeare’spoetry.2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/weredoing)(1)表示在過(guò)去詳細(xì)的時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)始終在發(fā)生的事情。常同表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句以及atthattime,atthatmoment,atthistimeyesterday,atteno’clockyesterday等連用。(2)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的含義。(3)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和頻度副詞連用可以表示說(shuō)話者或褒義或貶義的感情色調(diào)?！鵚ewereplayingfootballatthistimeyesterdayafternoon.※(2024·北京高考)Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandwasworkingasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.※Shewasalwaysarguingwithhimandfightingwithhim.3.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(will/shallbedoing)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或表示要從將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻起先,并接著下去的動(dòng)作。常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)記性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有thistimetomorrow,from1:30p.m.to4:30p.m.,thedayaftertomorrow等。如:※Iwillbediscussingthesituationwithcolleaguesthistimetomorrow.【小題快練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)’llgotothelibraryassoonasIfinishwhatIamdoing(do).②Themanagerwasworriedaboutthepressconferencehisassistantwasgiving(give)inhisplacebut,luckily,everythingwasgoingonsmoothly.③Whatwillyoubedoing(do)thistimetomorrow?

將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)1.一般將來(lái)時(shí)(will/shalldo)(1)“shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在看來(lái)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。“will+動(dòng)詞原形”還可以表示說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)做出的確定。(2)“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示:①現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備或支配將來(lái)要做的事情;②表示依據(jù)某種跡象認(rèn)為在最近或?qū)?lái)要發(fā)生的事情。(3)“beto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示:①預(yù)先支配好的支配或約定;②表示說(shuō)話人的意志、意圖、義務(wù)、吩咐等;③表示注定要發(fā)生的事情。(4)“beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示剛要或即將要做某事,該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示詳細(xì)的將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用?！鵚eshallbepunishedifwebreaktherule.※Mydaughter’sgoingtoworknextyear.※TheyaretoattempttobethefirsttocircletheEarthnon-stopbyballoon.※WillyoukindlyobeytheinstructionsIamabouttogive?2.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),即過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是“立足過(guò)去,著眼將來(lái)”的一種時(shí)態(tài),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中?！鵗heysaidtheywouldgivethepolicetheirfullcooperation.【點(diǎn)津】除“should/would+動(dòng)詞原形”外(第一人稱通常用should,其他人稱通常用would),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)還有以下常見(jiàn)表達(dá)方式:was/weregoingtodo,was/wereabouttodo,was/weretodo,但是表示過(guò)去的某種習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作時(shí),常用woulddo/usedtodo。※Ihadafeelingyouweregoingtobedifficultaboutthis.※Hewasabouttoofferanexplanation,butshewasbeginningtolaugh.【小題快練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①—Whattimeisit?—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,Iwillcheck(check)itforyou.②Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,thesportsmeetwillbeheld(hold)intheplaygroundofourschool.③Youpromisedyouwouldkeep(keep)ussafe.

完成時(shí)態(tài)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/hasdone)(1)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去而對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作,常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,inthelast(past)fewyears,uptonow,sofar等。(2)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)起先而持續(xù)至今的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與for,since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。(3)在條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示將來(lái)某時(shí)間前已完成的動(dòng)作。(4)This/Itisthefirst/second...time+that從句,that從句中謂語(yǔ)要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(5)It(This)isthebest(worst,mostinteresting等)+名詞+定語(yǔ)從句,從句中的謂語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。※(2024·北京高考)China’shigh-speedrailwayshavegrownfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.※(2024·天津高考)Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sandhasremainedaroundthatlevelsince.※Iwon’tpayyouuntilyouhavefinishedthisjob.※ThisisthefirsttimeIhaveleftmycountryandsetfootonforeignsoil.2.過(guò)去完成時(shí)(haddone)(1)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),即過(guò)去的過(guò)去。(2)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間起先,始終持續(xù)到過(guò)去的另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):bythen,bythattime,bytheendof,bythetime+句子等。(3)表示“愿望、準(zhǔn)備”的動(dòng)詞(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去本準(zhǔn)備實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或支配。(4)在“hardly(scarcely)...when...”,“nosooner...than...”句型中,主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),意為“一……就……”?！鵅ythattime,Ihadalreadymadethedecisiontoleave.※(2024·天津高考)IhadhopedtosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn’tmanageit.※Wehadnosoonerhadsupperthanwebegantorepairthemachine.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have/hasbeendoing)(1)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)起先始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且還要接著下去的動(dòng)作。※Wehavebeenwaitingforhimfortwohours.(2)表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里始終反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。※(2024·天津高考)—Youareagreatswimmer.—Thanks.It’sbecauseIhavebeenpractisingalotthesedays.【小題快練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Formanyyears,peoplehavebeendreaming(dream)ofelectriccars.However,makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthanpredicted.②Bythetimewearrived,everyonehadreceived(receive)medicalcare.③(2024·江蘇高考)InsteadofgettingdowntoanewtaskasIhadexpected(expect),heexaminedthepreviousworkagain.④Thisisthefirsttimemycousinhasadapted(adapt)tohernewjob.

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成為“be+過(guò)去分詞”,只要變換be的形式就可以得到不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),除be外被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式還有:get/become+過(guò)去分詞。只有及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。?？嫉牟患拔飫?dòng)詞或短語(yǔ):last,cost,spread,happen(to),takeplace,belongto,breakout,goout,runout,workout。1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以do為例)時(shí)體現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般is/am/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone進(jìn)行is/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone--完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone2.運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)留意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題(1)主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)雙賓語(yǔ)的改變?！鵗hereportersaskedthepresidentsomequestions.→Thepresidentwasaskedsomequestionsbythereporters.→Somequestionswereaskedthepresidentbythereporters.(2)主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)成主語(yǔ);(作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的)不定式前需加to(位置不變)?！鵌heardhimsaygood-byetohisfriends.→Hewasheardtosaygood-byetohisfriends.(3)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),勿掉“尾巴”?！鵗hisdictionarymustbetakengoodcareof.(4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,begoingto,beto,besureto等結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)椤癰e+過(guò)去分詞”?！鵗hisbookmaynotbetakenoutofthereadingroom.(5)get+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成的表示被動(dòng)的短語(yǔ)getpaid/lost/hurt等?！鵗heygetpaidtwiceasmuchasIdo,butthejobisexactlythesameasmine.※NomatterhowwellyouknowParis,itiseasytogetlost.3.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義(1)表示感受、感官的系動(dòng)詞如feel,sound,taste,look等,后面跟形容詞、名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),常常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,借指其本身具有的屬性、特征等。(2)當(dāng)sell,read,draw,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物動(dòng)詞后帶狀語(yǔ)(well/easily等)修飾,用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)或性能時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義?！鵗hemusicisn’tpleasanttolistento.※Thiskindofradiodoesn’tsellwell.【小題快練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteamwasrescued(rescue)fourdayslater.②Entirevillageshavebeenwashed(wash)away.Roadsandbridgeshavebeendestroyedandcropsruined.③Thechurchtowerwhichisbeingrestored(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.④Mypenwrites(write)smoothly.⑤Inthenearfuture,moreadvancesintherobottechnologywillbemade(make)byscientists.⑥Thisclothfeels(feel)muchsofterthanthatone.主謂一樣1.語(yǔ)法一樣原則主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)確定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。(1)動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、從句、不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)?！鵖ervingthepeopleismygreathappiness.※Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.【點(diǎn)津】what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式,但假如從句表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！鵚hatliesattherootofhistroublesisasenseofinsecurity.※Whattheschoolneedsarequalifiedteachers.(2)主語(yǔ)后有with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides,aswellas等單詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一樣?！?2024·天津高考)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,wasgivenawarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.(3)and,both...and...連接兩個(gè)不同的主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;但是假如由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞表示同一個(gè)人或物,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！鵅othyouandIarestudents.※ThesingeranddancerissaidtoperforminourschoolonMayDay.(4)定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持一樣?！鵋eisoneofthemenwhowerechosentorepresentthegroup.※Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtotakeonanotherassignment.2.意義一樣原則意義一樣原則指不管主語(yǔ)的形式是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),主語(yǔ)的意義確定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。(1)集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若被看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;若被看作構(gòu)成集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見(jiàn)的集體名詞有:family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。※Hisaudienceconsistsmainlyofyoungpeople.※Theaudiencewereclappingforovertenminutes.(2)“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/themajority+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義;all,some,half,most,therest等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)實(shí)際表達(dá)的意義?！鵗wo-thirdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheplan.※Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.(3)“the+形容詞”表示一類(lèi)人在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。※Theoldaremorelikelytocatchcoldthantheyoung.(4)表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、金額等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式?！鵉ourthousanddollarsisquitealotofmoneyforaboy.3.就近一樣原則就近一樣原則指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于離它最近的主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)。(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等連接的詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一樣?！鵈itheryouorPaulisresponsibleforthisthing.※Notonlyyoubutalsoyoursisterislovely.(2)由there,here引起的主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一樣?！鵗herearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.※Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.【小題快練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscovered(cover)withwater.②Whattheywanttogetare(be)anumberofgoodbooks.③Neithermyparentsnormyeldersisterlikes(like)running.④Myfatheraswellashisworkmateshasbeen(be)toBeijing.

⑤Tendollarsis(be)enoughforthisbook.Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空Chinaplanstoreleaseoneortwogiantpandasintothewild.Sofarthespot1.__________(select)ineastChina’sJiangxiprovince.ItwillbethefirsttimetoreleaseagiantpandaintothewildoutsidesouthwestChina’sSichuan2.__________13pandashadbeenreleasedbytheendoflastyear.

AnexpertmeetingwasheldinJiangxi,whereitwasdecidedthatpandaswouldbetransportedfromSichuan.ThentheywillbereleasedintotheJiangxiGuanshanNationalNatureReserve.Thenaturereserve3.__________(have)amildclimateandaquitegoodecosystem,withabundantbamboo4.__________(resource)andlittlehumaninterference,whichisgoodforgiantpandastoreproduce.

Researchersalso5.__________(brief)introducedtheresearchmethodtoexperts.Themethodincludes6.__________giantpandareintroductionprogram.Thereintroductionprogramrefersto7.__________(release)captive-bred(圈養(yǎng)繁殖的)pandastotheirpastdistributionareas.Theywillliveintheseareasafterwildtraining8.__________(rebuild)thewildpopulation.Researcherswillobtain9.__________(value)data.Andthedatashowshowpandasadapttotheenvironmentandclimateaftertheystayatthewildhabitats.

Theprogramhashighresearchvalueforstudyingsomeproblems.Whydidpandasdieoutintheirhistoricaldistributionareas?Howdidclimatechangesinfluencethecurrentpandapopulation?Theprogramwillalsohelpexpandthedistributionrange10.__________giantpandas.Besides,itcanreducetheextinctionrisksoftheirwildpopulation.1.【解析】hasbeenselected?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。該句主語(yǔ)thespot是第三人稱單數(shù),和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞select是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,再依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)sofar可知,此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故填hasbeenselected。2.【解析】where?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。先行詞為“China’sSichuanProvince”,在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故填where。3.【解析】has。考查主謂一樣。本句主語(yǔ)“reserve”是第三人稱單數(shù),且這里是陳述客觀事實(shí),所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填has。4.【解析】resources。考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。resource是可數(shù)名詞,此處用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填resources。5.【解析】briefly?？疾楦痹~?？蘸鬄椤癷ntroduced”,依據(jù)副詞修飾動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)用副詞形式briefly。故填briefly。6.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。依據(jù)句意“這個(gè)探討方法包含一個(gè)大熊貓?jiān)僖M(jìn)支配”,表示“一個(gè)”用不定冠詞,名詞giant以輔音音素開(kāi)頭,故填a。7.【解析】releasing?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。依據(jù)“refertosth.”中“to”為介詞,其后用v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。故填releasing。8.【解析】torebuild。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這里是用動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的。故填torebuild。9.【解析】valuable。考查形容詞。此處data是名詞,這里應(yīng)當(dāng)用形容詞修飾它,故填valuable。10.【解析】of。考查介詞。range意為“范圍,種類(lèi)”,常與“of”連用。故填of。Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)SeniorThreestudentwillfacethequestionaftertheypassbythecollegeentranceexamination.“ShouldIchooseagoodmajorandagooduniversity?”Somestudentsprefertoconsidermajorsfirstsothattheycanlearnwhichtheyareinterestedin.Itwillalsomakeitpossibleforthemtaketheirfavoritejobsinthefuture.However,thosewhothinkdifferentlybelievesthattheenvironmentisimportanttoone’sdevelopment.Theyalsobelievethatstudentsgraduatedfromleadinguniversitiesareoftenmorelikelytofindgoodjobs.Inmyopinion,abestchoiceistochooseagoodmajoratagooduniversity.Butiftheycan’tobtainboth,thefirstthingtoconsiderwasagoodmajor.Becausenomatterwheretheystudy,wecanstillachievealotinacertainfieldiftheytrytheirbest.答案:1.【解析】第一句student改為students?？疾榭蓴?shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。依據(jù)從句aftertheypass...中的they可知,SeniorThreestudent應(yīng)當(dāng)是復(fù)數(shù)形式。故student改為students。2.【解析