Unit+4+Space+Exploration+Discovering+Useful+Structures 高中英語人教版（2019）必修第三冊

Unit4,book3SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructuresInfinitivesastheattributeandtheadverbial（不定式作定語和狀語）杭州市余杭第二高級中學

高中英語（人教版）SomeoneYouLovedinfinitivesI’mgoingunderandthistimeIfearthere’snoonetosavemeThisallornothingreallygotawayofdrivingmecrazyIneedsomebodytohealSomebodytoknowSomebodytohaveSomebodytoholdIt’seasytosayButit’sneverthesameIguessIkindalikedthewayyounumbedallthepainInfinitivesactivevoicepassivevoicesimplepresenttense一般時continuoustense進行時perfecttense完成時perfectprogressivetense完成進行時negativeform否定形式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoingnottodobasicstructure:todoFindoutsentenceswithinfinitives1....peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace,andscientistsworkhardtofindanswers.2.Theymakevehiclestocarrybravepeopleintospacetofindoutthesecretsoftheuniverse.3.However,somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.4.Forexample,America’sNASAspaceagencylaunchedVoyager1on5September1977tostudydeepspace...5.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.6.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003...7.ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina’splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.8.Morerecently,ChinahassentChang’e4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoontomakemeasurementsandobservations.astheattributeastheadverbialSPACE:THEFINALFRONTIERInfinitivesadverbialattributetoshowthepurposetoshowtheresulttoshowthereason....Infinitivesastheattribute1.動詞不定式作定語常放在名詞或不定代詞后面作后置定語，表示尚未發(fā)生的動作。Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.3.something,anything,nothing,everything等復合不定代詞常用不定式作后置定語。Ihavesomethingtodothisafternoon.4.被修飾詞是抽象名詞時，常用不定式作定語，補充說明它所修飾的名詞或代詞的內(nèi)容，常見的該類名詞有：plan,ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。Hehasgotachancetogoabroad.2.當名詞被thefirst,thelast,theonly,thenext等詞以及形容詞最高級修飾時，后常用不定式作定語。Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.SpecialdifficultiesTip1:作定語的動詞不定式如果是不及物動詞,或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等,不定式后面須有相應的介詞。TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolive.?(x)TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.?(√)※Givemeapieceofpapertowrite_____.onIhavesomethingtotype.?Boss,doyouhaveanythingtobetyped??Tip2:當動詞不定式與被修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系,

且和句中的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時,該不定式通常用主動形式表示被動意義;如果沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系且不確定邏輯主語是誰時,則不定式應使用被動形式?！ㄗ约鹤觯㊣havealotofwork________.※（請別人做）Ihavealotofwork__________.todotobedoneInfinitivesastheadverbialHeusedcomputertosolvethecomplexproblem.I’mgladtobeinvitedtothisevent.Hewokeup,onlytofindthateveryonehadleft.Hishusbanddiedin1995andhadnothinglefttoher,onlyleavingherthreechildren.purposereasonresultresultTip3:onlytodo表意料之外的結(jié)果onlydoing表自然而然的結(jié)果toshowthepurpose※inorderto,soasto....Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Topassthecollegeentranceexam,wemustworkhard.Hepromisedtomakealleffortsinorderto/soastohelpus.Tip4:意為“為了”,可位于句首或句末,也可加inorder或soas,但soasto不能用于句首。toshowthereasonTip5:※不定式可以用在喜怒哀樂等的形容詞后（sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed...）※be+性質(zhì)形容詞+不定式（easy,difficult,hard,interesting,comfortable,safe,dangerous,

impossible)I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.toshowtheresultTip6:不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用于以下句型結(jié)構(gòu)：①so/such…astodo②enoughtodo③onlytodo(常表示意外的或事與愿違的結(jié)果,但only前一定要加上逗號“，”)④too…todoShewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Theboyisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal__________(achieve).Oneoftheproblemsisthatthetripwouldtakeaverylongtime.Forexample,______(use)thecurrenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyears_________(get)totheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.Althoughlightisthefastestthing_________(know)intheuniverse,itcouldtakemorethanfouryearstoreachtheneareststarsystem.Willscientistsfigureoutaway_______(store)sufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney?Isitpossibletotravelfasterthanlight?Nooneknowstheanswersyet.However,spacescientistsnevergiveup.Theyareexperimentingwithgrowingcropsinspacesoas_______(help)astronautsgetenoughfoodonlongerjourneysthroughspace.toachieveusingtogetknowntostoretohelpPracticeStoryTimeUseinfinitivesastheattributeandtheadverbialtotellastory.Background:Twofriendshadaquarrelandoneregrettedit.Referencewordsandphrases:quarrel,explain,guilty,apologize,desire,makeupwith,move,determine,trust,seriousenough,endfriendship,loseSampleStory:IhadaquarralwithSallyyesterday,butIregrettedit.IimmediatelycalledSallytoexplain

themisunderstanding.Aftergettingthrough,Iwassoguiltyastoapologizetohersincerely.Shesaidsoftly,“Nevermind.Ialsohavethestrongdesire

tomakeupwithyou.”Iwastoomovedtocontrolmytears.Fromthen