Unit+3+The+Internet+Discovering+Useful+Structures+高中英語人教版（2019）必修第二冊

DiscoveringUsefulStructuresLeadingin1.Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.TheInternethasgreatlyimprovedJan’slife.2.MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.Underlineandcomparethedifferentverbforms.LeadinginActive__________________Passive

_________________Theformofthepresentperfectpassivevoice

Verbformhave/has+v-edhave/hasbeen+v-ed一.什么叫時態(tài)?

在英語中,發(fā)生在不同時間的謂語動作或狀態(tài)要用不同的謂語動詞形式表示;有時候,發(fā)生在同一時間的謂語動作或狀態(tài),由于說話者所強調的方面不同,也要用不同的謂語動詞形式表示.這里所說的不同的謂語動詞形式就是我們常說的不同的謂語時態(tài).二.時態(tài)跟時間狀語有關1.一般現在時

(often/always/sometimes/usually/occasionallyeverymorning…)

Childrenusuallypickupforeignlanguagesveryquickly.Everydaysheisthelasttoleavetheoffice.構成法:is/am/are,do/does4

2.一般過去時

(often/always/occasionally/5daysago/lastweek/onJuly1,1986…)OftenIdidnotseePapauntiltheevening.Healwayswenttoworkonfoot.IwasborninJuly,1987.3.一般將來時

(infuture/inthefuture/fromnowon/soon/in5years/nextyear/inthe22ndcentury…)Infuture,we’ll

pay

moreattentiontotheprotectionofourenvironment.Myfatherwillbebackhomeinafewdays.

構成法:動詞過去式構成法:will/shall

+動詞原形(“is/am/areto+動詞原形”或“is/am/aregoingto+動詞原形”)54.過去將來時(soon/inafewdays/thenextweek…)

Johntoldmethathewouldgoabroadthenextday.Thegovernmentpromisedthathelpwouldcomesoon.5.現在進行時(now/atthemoment/atpresent…)Sheisfeedingthebabyrightnow.6.過去進行時(then/at10yesterdaymorning/thistimeyesterday/atthattime…)Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterdayevening?構成法:would/should+動詞原形構成法:is/am/are+動詞現在分詞構成法:was/were+動詞現在分詞67.將來進行時

(thistimetomorrow/at8nextMonday/whenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai…)WhenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai,we

willstillbesleeping.8.現在完成時

(fortenyears/sincefiveyearsago/sincetheygotmarried/sofar/inthepastfewdays/inthelast3years/inrecentyears…)Sofar,nothinghasbeendonetostoppollutingtheriver.Thingshavechangedinrecentweeks.Mumhasbeenillforseveraldays.構成法:will/shallbe+動詞現在分詞構成法:has/have+動詞過去分詞79.過去完成時(formanyyears/sincehewasborn/by2000/bythetimeWorldWarIIbrokeout/afewyearsbefore…)Bysixo’clock,theyhadworkedtwelvehours.Bythetimehecameback,Ihadgonetobed.Whenhewokeup,everythinghadchanged.10.將來完成時(bytheendofthisyear/bythetimeIgraduatefromcollege…)BythetimeIgraduatefromcollege,Ishallhave

stayedinWuhanforfouryears.

構成法:had+動詞過去分詞構成法:will/shallhave+動詞過去分詞811.現在完成進行時

(fortwohours/since5o’clockthismorning…)Ihavebeenwaitingforyousince5o’clockthismorning.12.過去完成進行時

(foralongtime/since1999…)

Howlonghaditbeenrainingbeforeyoushutthewindow?構成法:has/havebeen+動詞現在分詞構成法:hadbeen+動詞現在分詞9三.幾種容易用錯的時態(tài)用法比較在英語實際應用中,并非都會出現前面提到的時間狀語幫你決定謂語用什么時態(tài).高考對謂語時態(tài)的考查主要是通過語境來進行的.下面我們來分析、比較幾種容易用錯的時態(tài).

1.

一般過去時與過去進行時的用法比較

Yesterdayafternoon,hemeapictureinoils.Nowletmeshowittoyou.(強調paint這一動作過去已做過.即:畫已畫好.)

Yesterdayafternoon,hemeapicture.NowI‘mgoingtoseewhetherhehasfinishedit.(強調paint這一動作過去在進行,但未交代是否已做完)

paintedwaspainting10-----Whydidn’tyouanswermyphonecalllastnight?-----Sorry,butI_______abath.A.tookB.hadtakenC.wastakingD.wasgoingtotake2.一般現在時與現在進行時用法比較

Jane

washes

herownclothes.(指通常衣服都是她自己洗)Jane

iswashing

herownclothesinthebathroom.(強調暫時性,未完成,且未交代平時衣服是否自己洗)

Themanageriskindtousall.(指經理的一貫態(tài)度)Themanagerisbeingkindtousallnow.(強調暫時性態(tài)度,表示平時對我們大家并不善良)C113.一般過去時與過去完成時用法比較

客人們昨天已經離開上海.

TheguestsleftShanghaiyesterday.(說明left發(fā)生在昨天)

他說客人們已經離開上海.

HesaidtheguestshadleftShanghai.(強調hadleft發(fā)生在said之前,即:過去的過去)

AlltheguestshadleftShanghaibyyesterday.(既然是截止到昨天,那就說明是在包括昨天在內的以前已經陸續(xù)“離開”)124.一般過去時與現在完成時用法比較

Oh,myGod!Ican’tgetin.I__________mykey.ButIdon’tknowwhenandwhereI___________it.havelost/lost/hadlost/mustlose(前一個空用現在完成時強調“丟失”對現在造成的影響:

沒有找到,無法進門;后一句則強調“丟失”是在過去何時何地發(fā)生的.)四.時態(tài)的替代

1.在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,要用一般時代替將來時,即:用一般現在時代替一般將來時,用一般過去時代替過去將來時,用現在進行時代替將來進行時,用現在完成時代替將來完成時.havelostlost13Taketheumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.----Don’tallowhimtowatchTVunlesshehasfinished

hishomework.----OK.IfheiswatchingTVbuthasn’tfinishedhishomework,I’llturnofftheTV.時間狀語從句引導詞:

themoment,assoonas,when,before,after,until條件狀語從句引導詞:

once,incase,onconditionthat,if,unless,aslongas14

2.nomatter加疑問詞以及疑問詞與ever構成的合成詞引出的從句中,要用一般現在時代替一般將來時.Whereveryougo,youwillgetawarmwelcome.3.有部分動詞(主要是短暫性動作動詞)可以用進行時代替

將來時,即:用現在進行時代替一般將來時,用過去進行時代替過去將來時.

(也可用將來時)Areyoudoinganythingspecialthisevening?

=Areyougoingtodoanythingspecialthisevening?I’mafraidhe’s

dyingsoon.=I’mafraidhe’lldiesoon.IwastoldthatshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextday.=IwastoldshewouldleaveforNewYorkthenextday.154.在以下短語后面的從句中常用一般現在時代替一般將來時:

makesure,makecertain,seetoit,besure等.Pleaseseetoitthatallthewindowsareclosedbeforeleavingthelab.

5.凡是按預定時間表將要發(fā)生的動作也可用一般現在時代替一般將來時,例如:汽車、火車、輪船、飛機、上下課等.

(也可用一般將來時)Hisplanetakesoffat11:30.Let’shurryandseehimoff.6.含有always的謂語用現在進行時代替一般現在時,表示反感、反對、贊揚、欣賞等感情色彩.Sheisalwaysthrowingherthingsaround.16五.兩個特殊句型的時態(tài)

1.在先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾的定語從句中,要用完成時.HeistheclevereststudentIhaveevertaught.Shethoughtthatwasthebestfilmshehadever

seen.2.在先行詞是thefirst/secondtime的定語從句中,也要用完成時.ThisisthethirdtimeIhavevisitedthemuseum.Thatwasthesecondtimehehadbeenthere.17六.值得注意的兩點

1.一般來說,只有延續(xù)性動作動詞才有進行時態(tài)(包括現在進行時、過去進行時、將來進行時、現在完成進行時、

過去完成進行時),如果短暫性動作動詞、終止性動詞和狀態(tài)動詞用在進行時態(tài)中,則不表示動作正在進行,而是表示將來或別的含義.IwastoldthatshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextday.Themanagerisbeingkindtousallnow.(強調暫時性態(tài)度,表示平時對我們大家并不善良)2.只有延續(xù)性動作動詞和狀態(tài)動詞才可以與表示一段時間的狀語(如:for3days,sincelastNovember)連用.Shehascaughtabadcoldforacoupleofdays.

hashad18七、Apossibleversion:LookatthewaythepicturehasbeenpaintedListentothewaythesonghasbeenwrittenLookatthewaythefilmhasbeenmadeNowthinkaboutwhatyoucouldcreate.LookatthewaytheneedyhavebeenhelpedLookatthewaytheriverhasbeencleanedLookatthewaythetreehasbeenplantedNowthinkhowtomaketheworldabetterplace.現在完成時的被動語態(tài)肯定句：主語+have/has+been+v-ed+其他.否定句：主語+

have/has+not+been+v-ed+

其他.一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+been+v-ed+其他?特殊疑問句:提問主語：特殊疑問詞

+have/has+been+v-ed

+

其他?提問其他：特殊疑問詞

+一般疑問句?I.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothegiveninformation.1.Wewon’tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations_______________(make).2.Shakespeare’s

play

Hamlet

______________(make)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthe

pastyears.

3.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_________________(produce)allovertheworld.4.Manybuildings______________(build)since

1980.havebeenmadehasbeenmadehavebeenproducedhavebeenbuiltII.Changethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.1.MyfatherhasrepairedtheTVset.2.Theteacherhasborrowedthebicycle.3.Theyhaveaskedhimsomequestions.TheTVsethasbeenrepairedbymyfather.Thebyciclehasbeenborrowedbytheteacher.Hehasbeenaskedsomequestionsbythem.總結1.現在完