語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥-名詞性從句講解 課件 -高三上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

名詞性從句在英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來(lái)該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng),這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。什么是名詞性從句?名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句(TheSubjectClause)賓語(yǔ)從句(TheObjectClause)

表語(yǔ)從句(ThePredicativeClause)同位語(yǔ)從句(TheAppositiveClause)請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子哪部分是從句,并判斷屬于哪種從句:1.WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.2.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.3.Idon’tthink(that)heisanhonestboy.4.Thefactisthathestolethecar.5.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?6.Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?7.Itissaidthattheywonthegame.(主從)(同位語(yǔ)從句)(賓從)(表從)(同位語(yǔ)從句)(定從)(主從)

連接代詞who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever連接副詞how,why,when,wherehowever,wherever連接詞that,whether,if,becauseasif/asthough（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）

引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞Shesaid(that)sheisgoingtolearnEnglish.Iwanttoknowwhether/ifshestilllivesthere.Idon’tknowwhoallthesepeopleare.ShewantstoknowwhichfilmIlikebest.Pleasetellmewhereshelives.Iamnotinterestedinwhatheisdoing.Iamcertainthatheisathomenow.Iamafraidhewon’tcomeontime.賓語(yǔ)從句在句中充當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞,介詞或某些形容詞賓語(yǔ)的句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句Idon’tknow（that）youwillcomehere.注意：that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常常被省去。但如果從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)及以后的分句前that不可省.Weallagreed(that)itwouldbeamistakenottotakehisadvise.Weallthink(that)sheisworkinghardandthatshewillsurelygotoagoodcollege.我不知道他來(lái)不來(lái)。我想知道他來(lái)還是不來(lái)。你們是在談?wù)撝麃?lái)還是不來(lái)嗎？他不在乎天氣是否好。Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcome.Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.Areyoutalkingaboutwhetherhewillcome?Hedoesn’tcareifitisn’tafineday.注意：在賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.但是，whether常與ornot連用；作介詞賓語(yǔ)只用whether;從句是否定句時(shí)一般用if。用合適的連接詞填空

1.WangHaitoldme_____hedidn'tgocyclingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Canyoutellme______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?（who,whom）3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）whywhothathowhowsoon6.Theydon'tknow__________wearegoinghiking.7.Shewantedtoknow___________hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.9.Idon'tknow______somanypeoplearecrowdingroundhim10.Doyouknow_________shirtitis?if/whetherif/whetherwhatwhywhose賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移注意：如果賓語(yǔ)從句是由think,believe,imagine,suppose等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)候，要將從句中的否定形式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去。我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)對(duì)我撒謊的.我認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)該借錢(qián)給他.Idon’tthinkhewilllietome.Idon’tthinkweshouldlendhimmoney.賓語(yǔ)從句中用it作形式賓語(yǔ)Wethink

it

ourduty

thatweshouldhelpothers.Ifind

it

impossiblethatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays.注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用it來(lái)作形式賓語(yǔ)，把從句放在賓補(bǔ)后面。that不能省.believe,consider,feel,find,make,think賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)用shoulddo的情況:Thegeneralorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)allbuydictionaries.Iinsistedthathe(should)apologizetome.

表語(yǔ)從句在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的從句(即放在be動(dòng)詞后面)叫做表語(yǔ)從句。我們的目的是他能認(rèn)識(shí)到錯(cuò)誤。Ourpurposeisthathecanrealizehisfaults.注意：引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一般不省略。問(wèn)題是它是否值得做。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.注意：表語(yǔ)從句表示“是否”只用“whether”

而不用“if”試區(qū)分以下句子Isthismuseumwhatyouvisited?Isthisthemuseumthatyouvisited?Isthismuseumtheonethatyouvisited?注意：這種句子考試時(shí)一定要記住這句話：名詞前（尤其是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前）一定要有限定詞。然后把句子變換成陳述句，接著判斷句子是屬于哪種從句再完成。(表從)(定從)(定從)Itappearsthattheyareinneedofhelp.Ithappenedthathehadnomoneyonhim.Itseemsthathedoesn’tlikelivinghere.Itturnedoutthattwopeoplehadbeenkilledintheaccident.Thathouseis_______thegardentoolsarestored.ThereasonIdon’twanttogothereis______I’vejustgotanewjobhere.Thatwas______theyhadmadethemistake.Everythingintheroomis_____itwastenyearsago.ThedreamJackhasinmindis______hewillbecomeascientistinthefuture.wherethathowwhatthat6.Whatwecareaboutis_________itwillbeafinedaytomorrow.7.Thatwas____theydidn’tpaymuchattentiontotheteacherinclass.8.Myopinionis_____everyoneofustakesout$5forJane’sbirthdaypresent.9.Theproblemis________wecanbeallowedtostayoutatsuchalatehour.10.Herexplanationis______sheusedtoliveinthecountryandsheknowsitbetterthanus.

whetherwhythatwhetherthat問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)能幫我學(xué)英語(yǔ).這就是她不愿意出國(guó)留學(xué)的原因.那就是我要告訴你的.問(wèn)題是他是否會(huì)同意這個(gè)建議.ThequestioniswhocanhelpmewithmyEnglish.Thatiswhysheisunwillingtostudyabroad.ThatiswhatIwilltellyou.Thequestioniswhetherhewillagreewiththesuggestion.在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句叫做主語(yǔ)從句。他星期三來(lái)這里是肯定的。hewillcomehereonWednesdayiscertain.他星期三是否來(lái)這里還不肯定的。hewillcomehereonWednesdayisnotcertain.That主語(yǔ)從句

Whether

Whathesaidisnottrue.Whobrokethewindowhasnotbeenfoundout.Howheescapedisstillamystery.Whomsheborrowedmoneyfromstillpuzzledhim.Exercise1_______shesaidpuzzledhim._______shesaidsuchathingpuzzledhim._____________weshouldsendtotakepartinthepartyistobediscussed._______theydon’twanttodroptheplanisclear._______hefinishedtheworkinsoshorttimeremainsaquestion.________itisgoingtosnowthiseveningisnotcertain.WhatWhyWhom/whoThatHowWhetherExercise2_____________________________(她離開(kāi)他)cuthimtothecut.______________________________________(月球上沒(méi)有生命)isknowntoall._________________________(我在會(huì)議上說(shuō)的)mustbekeptsecret.______________________(是否這件事是真的)remainsaquestion.______________________________________(我們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì))istobediscussed.Thatshelefthim

Thatthereisnolifeonthemoon

WhatIsaidatthemeetingWhetheritistrueWhenwewillhavethemeetingThathecan’tattendthepartyisapity.Itisapitythathecan’tattendtheparty.Howmuchmoneyisneededishardtosay.Itishardtosayhowmuchmoneyisneeded.Thatthemoonmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.Itisknowntoallthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.it做形式主語(yǔ)It+be+形容詞＋that從句Itisnecessarythat…有必要…Itisimportantthat….重要的是…Itisobviousthat……很明顯……It+be+-ed分詞＋that從句Itisbelievedthat…人們相信…Itisknowntous/allthat….眾所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已經(jīng)決定……用it形式主語(yǔ)的that從句有以下四種不同的搭配：It+be+名詞＋that從句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常識(shí)Itisasurprisethat….令人驚奇的是…Itisafactthat……事實(shí)是……It+不及物動(dòng)詞＋that從句Itappearsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……Exercise3Itisawonder_____youweren'tinjured.Itisstillunknown______and______thistookplace.Itmakesnodifferencetome_________heisrichorpoor.Itisnotyetdecided_______istotakeherplaceassecretary.Itissaid______thisplazahas15cinemas.Itdoesn'tmatter_______youaregoingtodoit.thatwhenwherewhetherwhothatwhetherExercise4你昨天錯(cuò)過(guò)了這部新的電影，真是太遺憾了。他們將要在這里建一個(gè)新的醫(yī)院是真的嗎？據(jù)說(shuō)我們清明節(jié)要放三天假。4.他是否掙很多很多錢(qián)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)并不重要。Itisapitythatyoumissedthenewmovieyesterday.Isittruethattheyaregoingtosetupanewhospitalhere?Itissaidthatwe’lltakethreedaysoffonTombSweepingDay.Itisn’timportanttomewhetherhecanmakealotofmoney.同位語(yǔ)從句在句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在如idea,news,fact,promise,suggestion,belief,truth等含有豐富內(nèi)涵的抽象的詞語(yǔ)后面，用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面那個(gè)詞的具體內(nèi)容。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，同位語(yǔ)從句都用that來(lái)作連接詞，而且不能省略。也可用how,when,where等。他給了她一個(gè)承諾，他會(huì)在兩個(gè)月后回來(lái)。Hegaveherapromisethathewouldcomebackaftertwomonths.試區(qū)分以下句子Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthefactthattheyweretalkingabout?注意：1.如果是定語(yǔ)從句，它的從句肯定是不完整的，關(guān)系詞肯定在句中充當(dāng)成分的；而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that只起連接作用。

2.定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用，而同位語(yǔ)從句則解釋說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。(同從)(定從)Tellthedifference1.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportis

thataheavystormiscoming.3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshould