能源挑戰(zhàn)徽章：生物能源補(bǔ)充劑 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS 2023

YUNGA

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Challenge

Badge

Bioenergysupplement

FAO::GLOBALBIOENERGYPARTNERSHIP

Thisbookletisintendedasaguideforteachersandyouthleaders.Theseindividualsareresponsibleforthedevelopmentofprogrammesandactivitiesthataresuitablefortheirgroupandshouldprovidetherequiredsupervisionandsafetyprecautionstoensureallparticipantsaresafeandsound.

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Theviewsexpressedinthisinformationproductarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsorpoliciesofFAO.

Requiredcitation:FAO.2024.EnergyChallengeBadge:Bioenergysupplement.YUNGAlearningandactionseries.Rome.

/10.4060/cd1397en

ISBN978-92-5-138924-9

?FAO,2024

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YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCE(YUNGA)

Energy

Challenge

Badge

Bioenergysupplement

Developedincollaborationwith

FoodandAgricultureorganizationoftheunitedNations

TheGlobalBioenergyPartnership(GBEP)

TheWorldAssociationofGirlGuidesandGirlScouts(WAGGGS)andtheWorldOrganizationofthe

ScoutMovement(WOSM)endorsethiseducationalbadgeframeworkforusebyGuidesandScouts

aroundtheworld,adaptingitasnecessarytotheirlocalneedsandrequirements.

FOODANDAGRICULTUREORGANIZATIONOFTHEUNITEDNATIONS|2023

TABLEOF

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

WELCOME 6

BESAFEANDSOUND! 8

BADGESTRUCTUREANDCURRICULUM 10

BACKGROUNDINFORMATION20

SECTIONA:UNDERSTANDINGBIOENERGY 22

SECTIONB:BIOENERGYSOURCESANDIMPACTS 26

Woodfuel 26

Agriculturalcrops 31

Residuesandwastes 35

SECTIONC:PRODUCINGANDUSINGBIOENERGY 38

Bioenergyproduction 38

Bioenergyuse 42

SECTIOND:BIOENERGYFORASUSTAINABLEWORLD 48

Planet 50

People 51

Pro?t 51

SECTIONE:TAKEACTION 54

Actionsforgovernmentsanddecision-makers 54

ActionsforYOU! 62

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ENERGYBADGECURRICULUM

SectionA:UNDERSTANDINGBIOENERGY 64

SectionB:BIOENERGYSOURCESANDIMPACTS 68

SectionC:PRODUCINGANDUSINGBIOENERGY 72

SectionD:BIOENERGYFORASUSTAINABLEWORLD 78

SectionE:TAKEACTION 82

CHECKLIST 86

RESOURCESANDADDITIONALINFORMATION87

WEBSITES 88

GLOSSARY 90

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 96

ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT5

WELCOME

Bioenergy

isarenewableenergythatcanhelp?ght

“

climatechange

andprovideaccesstocleanenergy!

“

YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES

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INTRODUCTION

Youmightalreadyknowthatmostenergycurrentlyproducedintheworldcomes

,–vgea,s,e

greenhousegasesemittedfortheproductionofenergy.

eiery.rseating

sustainability.Inthisguidewewilllearnallaboutbioenergyandhowtoassesswhetheritissustainable.

o,,c

youcanlearnmoreabouttheinterestingworldofbioenergy.Onceyouave

ThisbookletisasupplementtotheYUNGAEnergyChallengeBadgesotat

completedtheBioenergySupplement,youwillbeabletoclaimyourEnergy

ChallengeBadgewithaspecialisationinbioenergy!

TAKEthisbookletandEXPLORE,PLAYandDISCOVER–andwhileyou’

,r!:ie!outo

ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT7

BE

SAFEANDSOUND!

DEARLEADERORTEACHER,

TheChallengeBadgesaredesignedtosupportyouin

undertakingeducationalactivities.However,asyouwill

beimplementingtheseactivitiesindifferentcontextsand

environments,itisuptoyoutoensurethattheactivitiesyouchooseareappropriateandsafe.Thisdocumentcontainsa

numberofsuggestedactivitiestohelpyourgrouplearnaboutenergy;however,donotfeelrestrictedtothiscontent–whynotseewhatotherthingsyoucancomeupwithinyourgroups.

Practicalactivitiessuchasthoseinthesecondhalfofthis

bookletareafantasticwaytolearnabouttheimportanceandusesofenergy.Nevertheless,itisimportanttotakesome

precautionstoensurenobodygetshurt.Energyhasmanyusesallaroundus,butforexampleelectricityisverydangerous.

Thisiswhyitisimportanttolearnhowtoproperlyuseandcontrolenergy.Plancarefullyandmakesureyouhaveenoughadultsupporttokeepyousafe,especiallywhenyouarenearsourcesofelectricityor?re,andingeneraltoanysourceofenergy.Youngchildrenshouldbesupervisedbyanadultat

alltimes.Pleaseconsiderthegeneralprecautionsonthenextpageandcarefullyevaluatewhichothersafetyissuesneedtobetakenintoaccountbeforeundertakinganyactivity.

ELECTRICITYKILLS!

DONOTGONEARORPLAYWITHELECTRICIT.ALLACTIVITESMUSTBESUPERVISED

YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES

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INTRODUCTION

SOMEGENERALPRECAUTIONSTOCONSIDERINCLUDE:

LOOKAFTERYOURSELVES

Becarefulwhenusingsharpobjectsandelectricalappliances.

Donottouchpowerlines,northeinsidesofelectricalappliancesandstayawayfromutilityboxes.

Alwaysturnoffalightattheswitchbeforechangingabulb.

Keepelectricalappliancesawayfromwaterandusedryhandstoplugandunplugelectricalappliances.

Pullgentlywhenunpluggingelectronicappliancesandtuckawayelectricalcords.

Donotputmetalobjectsinthetoasterormicrowave.

Donotplugmanyappliancesintooneoutletorextensioncord.

Donotclimbonpowerpolesandtouchorclimbtreesthatarenearpowerlines.

Stayinsideduringthunderandlightningstormsandturnoffthetelevisionsandcomputers.

Donot?ykitesnearpowerlinesorduringalightningstorm.

Ifyouneedtousesometypeofsharpobjectordevice,alwaysaskanadultforassistance.

LOOKAFTERTHENATURALWORLD

Treatnaturewithrespectandalwaysleavenaturethewayyoufoundit.

Recycleorreusethematerialsusedintheactivitiesasmuchaspossible.

Donotpollutetheenvironment–ifyoucannot?ndabin,takeyourrubbishhome.

Makesurethatyouhavepermissionfromtherelevantpeopletocarryoutspecialactivitiesorexperiments.

ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT9

BADGE

STRUCTUREANDCURRICULUM

ThisbookletisasupplementtotheYUNGAEnergyChallengeBadgeandisintendedforteachersoryouthleaderswho

wanttodevelopafocusedcurriculumonbioenergy.ItfollowsthesamestructureastheEnergyChallengeBadgeandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithittobuildacurriculumthat

suitsthegroup.

The?rstpartofthebookletincludes

basicbackgroundinformationonrelevant

educationaltopics,aimingtohelpteachers

andyouthleaderstopreparetheirsessions

andgroupactivitieswithouthavingtosearchfortheinformation.Thesupplementlooksatthedifferenttypesofbioenergy,thesourcesandusesofbioenergy,andthedifferent

sustainabilityconsiderations.Italsosuggestsandencouragesactionsyoucantaketo

raiseawarenessinthecommunityabouttheimportanceofrenewableenergyandbioenergyinparticular.

Thesecondpartofthebookletcontainsthebadgecurriculum:arangeofactivities

andideastostimulatelearningandmotivatechildrenandyoungpeopletoengagein

bioenergyissues.

Additionalresources,usefulWebsitesand

aglossaryexplainingkeyterms(thatare

highlightedinthetextlikethis)areprovidedattheendofthebooklet.

10YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES

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Badgestructure

Foreaseofuseandtoensurethatallthaintopicreaddd,

boththebackgroundinformation(pp.20–63)andtherelatedactivities(pp.64–85)aredividedinto?vemainsections:

A.UNDERSTANDINGBIOENERGY:introducesbasicfacts

abouttheimportanceofbioenergy.

B.BIOENERGYSOURCESANDIMPACTS:looksatthemajor

bioenergysourcesandenvironmentalimpacts.

C.PRODUCINGANDUSINGBIOENERGY:describesthe

processforproducingandusingbioenergy.

D.BIOENERGYSUSTAINABILITY:explorestheconnection

betweenbioenergyanddevelopment.

E.TAKEACTION:suggestsideastohelpyousaveenergyin

youreverydaylifeandraiseawarenessinyourcommunity.

Requirements:Toearnthebadge,participantsmustcomplete

oneofthetwocompulsoryactivitiesatthebeginningofSectionAoftheEnergyChallengeBadgeandfromeachsection(B-E)ofthebioenergysupplement,plus(atleast)oneadditionalactivityfromeachsection,chosenindividuallyorasagroup.Participantscanalsocompleteadditionalactivitiesconsideredappropriatebytheteacherorleader.

ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT11

SectionA:UNDERSTANDINGBIOENERGY

1compulsoryactivity(A.1orA.2)

atleast1optionalactivity(A.3-A.6)

&

+

SectionB:BIOENERGYSOURCESANDIMPACTS

1compulsoryactivity(B.1orB.2)

atleast1optional(B.3-B.6)

&

activity

+

+

SectionC:PRODUCINGANDUSINGBIOENERGY

1compulsoryactivity(C.1orC.2)

atleast1optional(C.3-C.6)

&

activity

+

&

SectionD:BIOENERGYSUSTAINABILITY

atleast1optional(D.3-D.6)

1compulsoryactivity(D.1orD.2)

activity

&

1compulsoryactivity(E.1orE.2)

SectionE:TAKEACTION

atleast1optional(E.3-E.6)

activity

=

EnergyChallengeBadge-BioenergySupplement

COMPLETED!

YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES

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INTRODUCTION

Agerangesandappropriateactivities

Tohelpyouandyourgroupselectthemostappropriate

activities,acodingsystemisprovidedtoindicatetheage

group(s)forwhicheachactivityismostsuitable.Nexttoeachactivity,acode(forexample“Levels1and2”)indicates

thattheactivityshouldbesuitablefor?ve-toten-yearolds

andelevento?fteen-yearolds.However,pleasenotethatthiscodingisonlyindicative.Youmay?ndthatanactivitylistedatonelevelissuitableforanotheragegroupinyourparticularcircumstances.Asteachersandyouthleadersyoushoulduse

yourjudgementandexperiencetodevelopanappropriate

curriculumforyourgrouporclass.Thiscouldincorporate

LEVEL

additionalactivitiesnotlistedinthisbookletbutthatallowyoutoachievealltheeducationalrequirements.

1Fivetotenyearsold

2Elevento?fteenyearsold

3Sixteenplusyearsold

REMEMBER!

REMEMBER!ThekeyobjectivesoftheChallengeBadgeareto

educate,inspire,stimulateinterestinlearningaboutenergy

issuesandmotivateindividualstochangetheirbehaviourand

createlocalandinternationalaction.However,mostofall,the

activitiesshouldbeFUN!Participantsshouldenjoytheprocessofearningthebadgeandlearningaboutenergyanditsimportance.

ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT13

SAMPLEBADGE

CURRICULA

Thesamplecurriculaforthedifferentagegroupsbelow

provideexamplesofhowthebadgecouldbeearnedandareintendedhelpyouindevelopingyourownprogramme.

LEVEL

1Fivetotenyearsold

2Elevento?fteenyearsold

3Sixteenplusyearsold

Eachactivityhasaspeci?clearningaim,butinadditiontothis,childrenwillhavetheopportunitytolearnmoregeneralskills,including:

TEAMWORK

IMAGINATIONANDCREATIVITYOBSERVATIONSKILLS

CULTURALANDENVIRONMENTALAWARENESSNUMERICALANDLITERACYSKILLS

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LEARNINGOBJECTIVE

SECTIONACTIVITY

A.04:Energythroughtheages(p.66)

Tolearnabouthowenergywasusedthroughhistoryandhowithaschanged

Tolearnabouthowthesun’senergygetsconvertedinto

A.03:Biomasssong

(p.66)

bioenergy

A

Understandingbioenergy

B.01:Exploreyourneighbourhood

(p.69)

Tolearnaboutthedifferenttypesofbiomassaroundyou

Tolearnabouttheproperties

ofdifferentoilsandtheirpurpose

B.03:Experimenting

withoils(p.70)

B

Bioenergysourcesandimpacts

C.01:Bioenergydice

(p.73)

C

C.04:Biogas

Experiment(p.74)

Producingandusingbioenergy

Tolearnaboutdifferentbionergypathways

Tolearnhowtocreate

biogaswithhouseholdfooditems

D.02:ReusingWastes

(p.79)

D

Bioenergy

D.03:Fieldvisit

(p.80)

sustainability

Tocreateaproductmadefromwastematerials

Tolearnabouthowbioenergyisproducedinabioenergy

plant

E

Takeaction

E.01:Helpingpeoplewithenergy(p.83)

Tolearnabouthowenergyisextremelyimportant

forpeople’slives

E.03:Carbonfootprinttree(p.84)

Tolearnaboutthecarbon

footprintofoureveryday

activitiesthatrequireenergy

INTRODUCTION

ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT15

LEVEL

1Fivetotenyearsold

2Elevento?fteenyearsold

3Sixteenplusyearsold

AsinLevel1,eachactivityinLevel2hasaspeci?clearningaim,butalsofostersadditional,moregeneralskillsincluding:

TEAMWORKANDINDEPENDENTSTUDYSKILLSIMAGINATIONANDCREATIVITY

OBSERVATIONSKILLS

CULTURALANDENVIRONMENTALAWARENESSRESEARCHSKILLS

PRESENTATIONANDPUBLICSPEAKINGSKILLS

ABILITYTOPRESENTANARGUMENTANDDEBATE

YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES

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SECTIONACTIVITYLEARNINGOBJECTIVE

A

Understandingbioenergy

A.04:Energythroughtheages

(p.66)

Tolearnabouthowenergywasusedthroughhistoryandhowithaschanged

A.06:Mydailyenergyneeds(p.67)

Tolearnabouthowenergyandbioenergyaffectour

everydayactivities

B

Bioenergysourcesandimpacts

B.01:Exploreyourneighbourhood

(p.69)

Tolearnaboutthedifferenttypesofbiomassaroundyou

B.04:Classifyingbiomassresidues

(p.70)

Tolearnaboutthedifferenttypesofbiomassresiduesandwastes

C

Producingandusingbioenergy

C.02:Makingenergy

(p.73)

Tore?ectonthedifferent

processestotransformwastesandresiduesintobioenergy

C.06:Crossword

(p.76)

Totestyourknowledgeonbioenergy

D

Bioenergy

sustainability

D.01:TwoWorlds

(p.79)

Tounderstandthebene?tsofsustainableprocessesinbioenergyplants

D.05:Bene?tsofbioenergy(p.81)

Tolearnaboutthebene?tsofbioenergypathways

E

Takeaction

E.02:Bioenergyinmycommunity(p.83)

Toexplorethepotentialuseofbiomasstoproduce

bioenergyinyourcommunity

INTRODUCTION

E.04:TriviaOverview

(p.84)

Tolearnaboutbioenergyandtestyourknowledge

ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT17

LEVEL

1Fivetotenyearsold

2Elevento?fteenyearsold

3Sixteenplusyearsold

GeneralskillsaLevel3curriculumseekstodevelopinclude:

TEAMWORKANDINDEPENDENTSTUDYIMAGINATIONANDCREATIVITY

OBSERVATIONSKILLS

CULTURALANDENVIRONMENTALAWARENESS

TECHNICALSKILLSANDTHEABILITYTORESEARCHCOMPLEXISSUES

PRESENTATIONANDPUBLICSPEAKINGSKILLS

ABILITYTOPRESENTANARGUMENTANDDEBATE

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SECTIONACTIVITYLEARNINGOBJECTIVE

A

Understandingbioenergy

A.02:Howisbiomassproduced?

(p.65)

Tolearnabouthowplantsgrowandproducebiomass

A.05:Investigatingtraditionalbioenergy

(p.66)

Tolearnabouttraditionalbiomassandhowifaffectspeople’slives

B

Bioenergysourcesandimpacts

B.01:Exploreyourneighbourhood

(p.69)

Tolearnaboutthedifferenttypesofbiomassaroundyou

B.06:Foodvs.fuel

(p.71)

Tolearnaboutpotentialusesofbiomasstoproduce

biofuels

C

Producingandusing

bioenergy

C.02:Makingenergy

(p.73)

Tore?ectonthedifferent

processestotransformwastes

··andresiduesintobioenergy·

C.06:Crossword

(p.76)

Totestyourknowledgeonbioenergy

D

Bioenergy

sustainability

D.06:IsitTolearnabouttheeconomic,

sustainable?(p.81)social,andenvironmental

impactsofbionergypathways

D.05:Bene?tsofbioenergy

(p.81)

Tolearnaboutthebene?tsofbioenergypathways

E

Takeaction

E.01:Bioenergyinmycommunity(p.83)

Toexplorethepotentialuseofbiomasstoproduce

bioenergyinyourcommunity

INTRODUCTION

E.04:TriviaOverview

(p.84)

Tolearnaboutbioenergyandtestyourknowledge

ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT19

BOTUUIOND

Thefollowingsectionprovidesanoverviewofkeyissuesrelatingtobioenergy.Itaimstohelpteachersandyouthleaderspreparetheirsessionsandgroupactivities

withouthavingtosearchfortheinformation.Naturally,notallthematerialswillberequiredorappropriate

forallagegroupsandactivities.Leadersandteachersshouldthereforeselectthetopicsandlevelofdetail

mostappropriatefortheirgroup.Forexample,youmaywishtoskipthemorecomplicatedissueswithyounger

groups,butwillprobablywishtoconductfurtherresearchwitholdergroups,whocouldalsoreadthe

backgroundinformationforthemselves.

AB

DUN

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ACTIONSUSTAINABILITYUSINGSOURCESUNDERSTANDING

AUNDERSTANDINGBIOENERGY

WhatisBioenergy?

Howcanwemaketraditional

A

bioenergymoreef?cient?

BBIOENERGYSOURCESANDIMPACTS

B

Woodfuel

Agriculturalcrops

Residuesandwastes

CPRODUCINGANDUSINGBIOENERGY

C

BioenergyproductionBioenergyuse

BIOENERGY

DSUSTAINABILITY

PlanetPeople

Pro?t

D

ETAKEACTION

Actionsforgovernmentsanddecision-makersActionsforYOU!

E

ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT21

BACKGROUNDINFORMATION

UNDERSTANDING

BIOENERGY

Bioenergyisenergyobtainedfrombiomass.Biomassisderivedfromlivingmaterialinplantsandanimals,suchaswood,driedvegetation,cowmanureandfoodscraps.Biomasscontains

storedenergyfromthesun.Plantsabsorbthesun’senergy

duringphotosynthesis,whichconvertsthesolarenergyintochemicalenergy.Whentheplantsdie,thechemicalenergyistrappedinside.However,wecanreleasethischemicalenergythroughdifferentprocessestoproducebioenergy.

Bioenergyisarenewableenergybecauseitisderivedfromlivingmaterial(biomass)thatcanberenewedrelatively

quickly(inthelifetimeofaperson).Thismeansthat,

comparedwithnon-renewablefossilfuels,ithasthepotentialtoreducethegreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsfromthe

productionofenergy.

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B

WHATISBIOENERGY?

Allofthedifferentwordsusedtodescribebioenergycanbequiteconfusingattimes.Let’scheckthatweunderstandthedifferentterms:

Biomassismaterialfromplantandanimaloriginthatconstitutesthefeedstockforproducingbioenergy–itistherawmaterialforbioenergy.

Bioenergyistherenewableenergyproducedfrom

biofuels.Biofuelscanbeofsolid,liquidandgaseousforms:

?Solid:e.g.woodcharcoal,woodchipsandpellets

?Liquid(biofuels):e.g.ethanolandbiodiesel

?Gaseous:e.g.biogasandsyngas

C

Bioenergyisanimportanttypeofenergyglobally.In2017,

bioenergyaccountedforaround12percentofglobalenergy

consumption(WBA,2019)andforaround50percentoftheglobalenergyconsumptionfromrenewables(IEA,2018).Manypeople

aroundtheworldusebioenergyinsomeform.Bioenergyusefallsintotwomaincategories–traditionalandmodern.Traditionalbioenergyusereferstotheburningofsolidbiomass(suchas

wood,animalwasteandtraditionalcharcoal)usinginef?cient

D

methods,suchasopen?res.Modernbioenergyuse,instead,ismoreef?cientthantraditionalmethods,anditincludesef?cient

technologiesforusingsolid,liquid,andgaseousbiomassfuelsformodernapplications,suchascooking,spaceheating,electricity

generation,combinedheatandpower(CHP),andtransport

(IRENA,2018;REN21,2013).Themostutilizedtypeofbiomassforbioenergyissolidfuels(suchaswoodfuel),muchofwhichisstillusedinatraditionalway.

ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT23

E

BACKGROUNDINFORMATION

PhotobyOllivierGirard/CIFOR

24

HOWCANWEMAKETRADITIONALBIOENERGYMOREEFFICIENT?

Traditionalbioenergyisthedirectcombustion(burning)ofsolidbiomass(suchaswood,animalwasteandtraditional

charcoal)usinginefficientmethods,suchasopenfires.For

manypeople,thismaybetheironlysourceofenergy,anditcancomewithlotsofhealthandenvironmentalproblems.

However,therearewaysthatwecanmaketraditional

bioenergymoreefficientusingsomesimplemethods.Forexample,wecanusemoreefficientequipment,suchas

improvedstoves,whichimprovetheefficiencyoftheprocess

(meaningyouneedlessbiomasstoproducethesameamountofenergy)andreducetheamountofsmokeproduced.

YOUTHANDUNITEDNATIONSGLOBALALLIANCELEARNINGANDACTIONSERIES

Manypeopleindevelopingcountriesdonothaveaccessto

electricity.Forexample,insub-SaharanAfrica,only45percent

ofthepopulationhasaccesstoelectricity,andinruralareasthe

percentageofpeoplewithaccesstoelectricityisonly23percent(WorldBank,2020).Therefore,theyrelyontraditionalbioenergyforcookingmeals,boilingwaterandheatingtheirhomes.Even

whenelectricityisavailable,manypeoplestillusetraditional

bioenergybecauseitisthecheapestandmostef?cientalternative.

Wewillseehowtraditionalbioenergycanhavemanyproblems

andhowinmanycasesitwouldbebettertoswitchtomodern

bioenergy,wherepossible.Modernbioenergycanbethebestoptioninmanycontextsduetoavailabilityandcheapprice,especially

whereothersourcesofenergyarenotavailabletobringmodernenergyservicestoisolatedruralpopulations.

Inthefollowingsections,wewilldiscussthedifferenttypesofbioenergysourcesandprocesses,thebene?tsanddrawbacksofbioenergy–bothtraditionalandmodern–andhowwecantakeactiontoensurethatbioenergyissustainable.

ENERGYCHALLENGEBADGE-BIOENERGYSUPPLEMENT25

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DINFORMATION

BIOENERGY

AND

IMPACTS

WOODFUEL

Woodisthesinglemostimportantsourceofrenewableenergy,

providingaround6percentoftheglobaltotalenergysupply

BACKGROUN

(Source:FAO,2019).Whenwoodisusedforproducingenergy,itiscalledwoodfuel,andincludesnotonly?rewoodbutalsocharcoal,pellets,chipsandsawdust.

WOODFUEL

Firewood

Charcoal

26

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Woodfuelisatraditionalandcrucialsourceofenergythatisstillthemainsourceofenergyinsomedevelopinganddeveloped

countries,whereitprovidesbasicenergyforcookingandheatinginhouseholds.Itisalsousedinindustryforprocessesthatrequireheat,