Units 2-4 非謂語動詞用法（解析版）

2/2外研版選擇性必修一Unit2單元重點語法：非謂語動詞的語法功能所能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞种髡Z表語賓語賓語補足語定語狀語V-ing形式現(xiàn)在分詞△△△△動名詞△△△△不定式（todo）△△△△△△過去分詞(done)△△△△感知語法規(guī)律1．Iofferedtopaintthehouseinexchangeforaweek'saccommodation.2．Johnisveryreliable—ifhepromisestodosomething,he'llcertainlydoit.3．Onecanalwaysmanagetodomorethings,nomatterhowtightone'sscheduleis.4．Allthestaffinourcompanyareconsideringgoingtothecitycentreforthefashionshow.5．Hegotwell-preparedfortheinterview,forhecouldn'trisklosingthegoodopportunity.1．所有畫線部分都是句中的賓語。2．topaintthehouse,todosomething,todomorethings是不定式作賓語。（第1、2、3句）3．goingtothecity,losingthegoodopportunity是-ing形式作賓語。（第4、5句）動詞的-ing形式和動詞不定式賓語動詞的-ing形式和動詞不定式賓語分類1：常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞agree,afford,offer,intend,plan,demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish/hope/want/expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,aim,hesitate,seem,happen等動詞后常接動詞不定式作賓語。單句語法填空OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents'gradesimprovedalittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.Butsomestudentsdidn'twant________(wear)theuniform.Ididn'tmean________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn'thelptryingit.Ifaneighborisgoingtobeoutoftown,offer________(collect)mailandnewspapers.【答案】1.towear 2.toeat 3.tocollect動詞不定式作賓語的三種形式：(1)一般式：動詞不定式的一般式所表示的動作通常與謂語動詞所表示的動作(狀態(tài))同時發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。當(dāng)動詞不定式的邏輯主語是其所表示的動作的發(fā)出者時，用主動形式(todo)；當(dāng)動詞不定式的邏輯主語是其所表示的動作的承受者時，用被動形式(tobedone)。(2)進(jìn)行式：動詞不定式的進(jìn)行式(tobedoing)表示動詞不定式所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，并強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性或動作正在進(jìn)行。(3)完成式：動詞不定式的完成式(tohavedone)表示動詞不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。單句語法填空Shepretended___________(listen)tothemanager,butactuallyshewasthinkingaboutsomethingelse.LookattheprideonTom'sface.Heseems________________(praise)bythemanagerjustnow.【答案】1.tobelistening 2.tohavebeenpraised分類2：常接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞（短語）appreciate,consider,delay,avoid,finish,imagine,miss,mean,resist,risk,suggest,mind,giveup,insiston,allow,feellike,escape,admit等動詞(短語)后通常接動詞-ing形式作賓語。單句語法填空WildcampingisillegalinEngland.Toavoid______________(catch),theWinnshadtogettheirtentuplateandpackeditawayearlyinthemorning.Youngpeoplemayrisk________(go)deafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday.【答案】1.beingcaught 2.going分類3：既能接動詞不定式也能接動詞-ing形式且意義不同的動詞(短語)continuetodo繼續(xù)做另外一件事/continuedoing繼續(xù)做同一件事trytodo努力做某事/trydoing嘗試做某事forgettodo忘記去做某事/forgetdoing忘記做過某事remembertodo記得去做某事/rememberdoing記得做過某事regrettodo遺憾去做某事/regretdoing后悔做過某事meantodo打算做某事/meandoing意味著做某事can’thelptodo不能幫忙做某事/can’thelpdoing忍不住做某事單句語法填空Istillremember________(take)totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.Pleaseremember________________(give)mybestregardstoyourfamily.【答案】1.beingtaken 2.togive分類4：動詞不定式與動詞-ing形式作賓語的其他用法在need,require,want(表“需要”)等動詞的后面可接動詞-ing形式作賓語(用主動形式表示被動含義)，也可接動詞不定式的被動式作賓語。即：need/require/wantdoing=need/require/wanttobedone外研版選擇性必修一Unit3感知語法規(guī)律1．Predictingthefuturecanbedifficult.2．Cloningplantsisstraightforwardbutthecloningofanimalsismorecomplicated.3．Travelinginspacebyordinarycitizenswillbecommon.4．Playingcomputergamesismyfavourite.四句中所有畫線部分均為動詞-ing形式，在句中都是作主語。動詞的-ing形式主語動詞的-ing形式主語意義及位置1.動詞-ing作主語放在句首，通常表示一般性的、習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，且作主語時謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。2.it作形式主語，將真正作主語的動詞-ing或動詞不定式todo后置。It’sawasteoftimeplayingvideogameseveryday.It’sbeneficialtodosomeexerciseregularlyinthemorning.形式：肯定：主動：doing→被動：beingdone 否定：主動：notdoing→被動：notbeingdoneBeingpraisedbyhisteachersmadehimregaintheconfidence.被老師表揚使他重獲自信。Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.不給予足夠的贊揚和給予太多一樣有害。外研版選擇性必修一Unit4感知語法規(guī)律1．Mygoalistoprovidehumanswithalifeofhighquality.2．Itspurposeistoinvolvevisitorsinphysicalexerciseandathleticcompetition.3．HerfirstdelightwasgoingtotheTower.4．Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.5．He'sreallyamusingandtellsjokeswhenhethinkswe'regettingbored.6．Althoughthecitieswerecrowded,thecountrywasbeautiful.1．所有畫線部分在句中都作表語；2．toprovide,toinvolve是不定式作表語；3．goingtotheTower,amusing,getting是動詞-ing作表語；4．bored,crowded是動詞-ed作表語。動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式表語動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式表語動詞不定式作表語動詞不定式作表語，可以說明主語的具體內(nèi)容，還可以表示目的、結(jié)果、安排、命令、決定、勸告、意愿等，其主語通常為aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,wish等名詞，或是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。不定式作表語時，主語和表語有時可以交換位置，其意思不變。省略to的情況：動詞不定式作表語時，一般情況下不定式符號to不能省略，但當(dāng)主語部分含有從句且從句謂語部分有實義動詞do的某種形式時，作表語的不定式符號to可保留也可省略。Allweneedtodois(to)liveeachdaywithpassion.我們需要做的就是充滿激情地過好每一天。Don'tworry.Whatyouneedtodois(to)haveagoodsleep.別擔(dān)心，你需要做的就是好好睡一覺。單句語法填空Alwayskeepinmindthatyourmaintaskis________(get)thiscompanyrunningsmoothly.Theaimofthedesigneris________(create)solutionstoproblemsthroughthemostefficientmeans.【答案】1.toget 2.tocreate動詞-ing作表語動名詞(短語)作表語：作表語的動名詞(短語)所體現(xiàn)的是名詞的特性，用于對主語的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說明，往往表示主語所具有的特征且主語和表語可以換位。WhatIamtiredofiswaitingherealone.(＝WaitingherealoneiswhatIamtiredof.)MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.(＝TeachingyouEnglishismyjob.)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作表語：作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)是形容詞性的，表示主語的性質(zhì)或特征，主語和表語不可換位。Theresultoftheaccidentisshocking.這一事故的后果令人震驚。Theargumentisveryconvincing.這一論據(jù)很有說服力。動名詞(短語)作表語與動詞不定式(短語)作表語的區(qū)別：動名詞(短語)作表語表示一般性的動作；動詞不定式(短語)作表語表示一次具體的動作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事。Hishobbyispainting.他的愛好是畫畫。(一般性的動作)Todaywhathewantstodois(to)paint.今天他想要做的事是畫畫。(具體的動作)Hiswishistobecomeanartist.他的愿望是成為一名藝術(shù)家。(將要發(fā)生的事)動詞-ed作表語動詞-ed可放在系動詞be,feel,remain,seem,look,become等之后作表語，往往表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或狀況。作表語的動詞-ed可用very,quite,much等修飾。Thedoorremainedlocked.門仍然鎖著。I'mveryinterestedinyourstory.我對你的故事很感興趣。某些表示情感、情緒的動詞-ed，如：terrified,surprised,astonished,excited,disappointed,moved,shocked,interested,discouraged,amused,frightened,inspired,pleased,satisfied,tired,worried等作表語時，已具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，其主語通常是人。Heseemedquitedelightedatthenews. 聽到這個消息他似乎很高興。Iamverypleasedwiththeresultoftheexperiment. 我對這個實驗結(jié)果很滿意。動詞-ed作表語和動詞的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：動詞-ed作表語表示的是一種狀態(tài)或情況，而被動語態(tài)表示的是一個動作，被動意味很強。Theglassisbroken.玻璃杯碎了。（狀態(tài)）Theglasswasbrokenbyhim.玻璃杯被他打碎了。（動作）動詞-ed與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別：英語中有很多與感覺有關(guān)的及物動詞，其現(xiàn)在分詞意為“令人……的”，多用來修飾物；其動詞-ed意為“感到……的”，多用來指人、人的聲音或表情等。常見的這類詞有：exciting令人激動的 excited激動的，興奮的surprising令人吃驚的 surprised驚訝的disappointing令人失望的 disappointed失望的encouraging振奮人心的 encouraged受到鼓舞的frightening令人害怕的 frightened害怕的interesting有趣的 interested感興趣的單句語法填空Iwas________(delight)atthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.Studentswhotakeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobe________(satisfy)with,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.【答案】1.delighted 2.satisfied鞏固練習(xí)：單句填空A組1.TheprojectwonaprizeatChinaThinksBig,acompetition__________(hold)byHarvardandTsinghuaUniversitytoencourageteenagerstoexploreimportantglobalissuesandfocusonsolutions.2.CygnusarrivedattheInternationalSpaceStationonFebruary21,2022,________（carry）alargeloadofsuppliesandscientificexperiments.3.AlthoughIhadmoneyandaplace____________(sleep),IrecognizedthatIneededhelptoo.4.Itdidn'ttakelongforus__________(realize)thefulldepthofhersuffering.5.DuringtheQinDynasty,tokeeptheenemyoutofhisempire,QinShiHuanghadallthewalls_________(join)up.6.First_____________(create)bytheU.S.agriculturalistSterlingMortonin1872,Tree-plantingDaywassetinordertoinspirepeople'spassionsforplantingandprotectingtrees.7.IwaswalkingaloneonthebeachwhenIheardsomeone___________(call)outforhelp.8._____________(build)over2,200yearsagoinwhatisnowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina,thisamazingengineeringachievementisstillbeingusedtoday.9.Afterafewyears,thecaveswereopenedasatouristattraction,and1,200peopleperdaycametothesite__________(admire)thepaintings.10.Happinessisaflower___________(live)inthesunshine,anditisnotdifficulttoreachforit.單句填空B組1.Ifeelitourresponsibility__________(communicate)aboutthecharmoftheprimitiveinscriptionswiththeyoungergenerationsandforeigners.2.Theresearch,whichwaspublishedinthejournalScienceoftheTotalEnvironmentlastweek,isthefirststudy_____________(identify)theplasticsinthelungsoflivingpeople.3.SeniorColonelWangYaping,thefirstfemaleChinesespacewalker,saidthatshewasveryhappy__________(return)tothemotherlandandwantedtotellherlittledaughterthathermomhadreturnedafterreachingforthestars.4.Problemskeep____________(range)fromthelackofdoctorstotheincreaseofmedicalexpenses.5.TCM(TraditionalChineseMedicine)isabout____________(restore)thebalancebetweenyinandyangforcesinpatients.6.Toreallyappreciateandunderstandanotherlanguage,youneed__________(understand)itscultureandphilosophy.7.Withlesspeople____________(choose)tomakesugarpaintings,thetraditionalChinesefolkcraftmighthavebecomeadistantmemoryinsomeways.8.__________(see)theiraimlessdaughtereveryday,theyareverydisappointed.9.AttheentrancetoaChinesegarden,thereisusuallyahugestoneorahighwall__________(use)toscreenyourview.10.___________(tell)manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.解析：單句填空A組1．held句意為：該項目在哈佛大學(xué)和清華大學(xué)舉辦的“中國大智匯創(chuàng)新研究挑戰(zhàn)賽”中獲獎，該競賽旨在鼓勵青少年探索重要的全球問題并專注于解決方案。此處為非謂語動詞作后置定語，修飾acompetition，且acompetition和hold之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，故填held。2．carrying句意為：2022年2月21日，“天鵝座”貨運飛船運載著大量補給品和科學(xué)實驗用品抵達(dá)國際空間站。句子中arrived為謂語動詞，carry在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式，其與邏輯主語Cygnus構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填carrying。3．tosleep句意為：雖然我有錢，有地方睡覺，但我意識到我也需要幫助。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，在Although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，謂語是had，設(shè)空處需要用非謂語動詞形式，place后常用不定式作后置定語。故填tosleep。4．torealize句意為：沒過多久，我們就認(rèn)識到她飽受的苦難。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，It是形式主語，此處應(yīng)用不定式作真正的主語。Ittakes／tooksometimeforsb，todosth.意為“做某事花費某人多少時間”。故填torealize。5．joined句意為：在秦朝，秦始皇（命人）把所有的城墻連接起來，以御敵于他的帝國之外。賓語allthewalls和join之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞作賓語補足語。此處是havesth.done結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“計／使人做某事”。故填joined。6．created句意為：植樹節(jié)最早由美國農(nóng)學(xué)家斯特林·莫頓于1872年提出，旨在激發(fā)人們種樹和保護(hù)樹木的熱情。分析句子成分可知，wasset在句中作謂語，create需要用非謂語動詞形式。create與其邏輯主語Tree-plantingDay之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語。故填created。7．calling句意為：我一個人在海灘上走著，突然聽到有人喊救命。hearsb.doingsth.為固定搭配，意為“聽見某人正在做某事”，故填calling。8．Built句意為：在如今中國西南部的四川省，2,200多年前建造的這項驚人的工程仍在使用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞，與其邏輯主語thisamazingengineeringachievement之間為被動關(guān)系；且根據(jù)時間狀語over2,200yearsago可知，動作已發(fā)生，故用過去分詞形式。故填Built。9．toadmire句意為：幾年后，這些洞穴作為旅游景點被開放，每天有1,200人來這個景點欣賞這些畫。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處在句中作目的狀語，應(yīng)用動詞不定式，故填toadmire。10．living句意為：幸福是一朵開在陽光下的花，它并非難以觸及。分析句子成分可知，句中已有謂語動詞is，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式，且flower與live之間是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，故填living。單句填空B組1．tocom