專題04閱讀理解（說(shuō)明文）-2022年中考英語(yǔ)真題分項(xiàng)匯編（原卷版）

2022年中考英語(yǔ)真題分項(xiàng)匯編（江蘇專用）專題04閱讀理解（說(shuō)明文）（2022·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）Recently,Chinahasannouncedthelistofthefirstfivenationalparks.Eachofthemisdividedintotwopartsthecore（核心）protectionareaandthegeneralcontrolarea.Inthecoreprotectionarea,onlyresearchandsurveillance（監(jiān)視）inscienceareallowed.Andthegeneralcontrolareaisopentothepublic,allowingtravelactivitiessuchascampingandhiking.Inthefuture,nationalparksareexpectedtobenaturalclassrooms.Peoplecanlearnaboutdifferentkindsofanimalsandplantsthroughecofriendly（環(huán)保的）travelactivities.Thenationalparkscanalsobehelpfultolocalpeople.Thebuildingofthesenationalparksprovidesmanyjobsforlocalpeople.Peoplelivinginoraroundtheparkscanworkasparkrangers（護(hù)林員）andguides.Theycanalsosellsomeecofriendlythingswithlocalcolour.Sotheiryearlyines（收入）willgrowalot.Thenlet’stakealookatthefivenationalparks.ThreeRiverSourceNationalParkontheQinghaiTibetPlateau（青藏高原）,isthelargestnationalparkinChina.BecauseitishometothesourcesoftheYangtze,YellowandLancangrivers,peoplecallit“China’swatertower”.NortheastChinaTigerandLeopard（豹）NationalParkisinHeilongjiangandJilinprovinces.Itcoversanareaof14,100squarekilometres.Itisourcountry’sbiggestandonlyplaceforwildSiberiantigersandAmurleopardstolivein.WuyiMountainNationalParkinFujianProvinceisaUNESCOnaturalandculturalheritagesite（遺址）.Theforestmakesupover96percentofthepark.Theparkistheparadiseofbirds,kingdom（王國(guó)）ofsnakesandworldofinsects.YoucanalsoseetheDanxialandform（地貌）there.GiantPandaNationalParkconnectspandahabitats（棲息地）inSichuan,ShaanxiandGansuprovinces.Insidetheparkaremorethan1,600wildgian1pandas.Theymakeupover70percentofthepandasinChina.HainanTropical（熱帶的）RainforestNationalParkisthelargesttropicalforestinChina.Therearemorethan400kindsofplantsthatcanonlybefoundinHainan.Theworld’sonly35Hainangibbons（長(zhǎng)臂猿）livethere.Whatactivitycanbedoneinthecoreprotectionarea?A．Hunting. B．Researching. C．Hiking. D．Camping.2．Whatcanweknowfromparagraph3?A．Buildingthenationalparksonlyneedsrangersandguides.B．Farmingmakeslocalpeopleimprovetheiryearlyines.C．Visitorscanbuyanythingwithlocalcolorinthenationalparks.D．Localpeoplecangetmuchadvantagefromthenationalparks.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“paradise”intheformabovemean?A．Aperfectplace. B．Ahappyfeeling. C．Agoodexample. D．Asweetsmile.4．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Thebeautifulscenesofnature B．ThehomeofanimalsandplantsC．Theintroductiontothefivenationalparks D．Therelationshipsamongthefivenationalparks二、（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）Over5millionsharedbikesinChinaareusingservicesofferedbyBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)).ThesesharedbikesalluseBeidoubasedpositioningchips(芯片).Thechipshavehighqualities.Theycandealwithinformationaccuratelyandquickly.Theyfeaturelowpowerconsumption.Theyprovideabetteruserexperienceandeasiermanagementforthelocalpanies.Now,severalnewmodelsofsharedelectricbikeswithBeidoubasedchipshavealsostartedtobeproducedandputintomarket.Besidespositioningandnavigation,thechipswillhelpusersandbikepaniesrecorduserspeedandbatteryconditionofanelectricbike.Thepossiblecrimesduringthebikeusingwillalsoberecorded.Infact,yearsago,sharedbikepaniesbegantousepositioningchipswhichworkedwellwithbothGPSandBeidouservices.AftertheBeidousystembecamefullyinuseinthesummerof2020,sharedbikepaniesstartedinstallingBeidoubasedchipsonmorebikesinmoreareas.Thelatestchipswhicharepopularwithbikepaniesaresmallerandhavemoreadvantagesovertheoldtypes.Since2000,atotalof59BeidousatelliteshavebeenliftedfromtheXichangSatelliteLaunchCenterinSichuanProvince.Afterthefinalsatellitewasliftedin2020,thesystemwaspletedandstartedprovidingglobalservices.BeidouSatelliteSystemisdesignedanddevelopedbyChinaanditisoneoffourglobalnavigationnetworks,alongwiththeUnitedStates’GPS,Russia’sGLONASSandtheEuropeanUnion’sGalileo.Accordingtoaresearchin2022,bytheendof2021thetotalvalueconnectedwithsatellitenavigationandpositioningservicesinChinawas469billionyuan,a16.3percentincreaseyearonyear.Morethan500,000Chinesepeoplenowworkataround14.000China’spaniesandorganizationsdoingbusinessconnectedwithBeidouandothersatellitenavigationandpositioningservices.5．What’sthemainideaofParagraph2?A．Thehistoryofsharedbikes.B．Thequalitiesofsharedbikes.C．TheadvantagesofBeidoubasedchips.D．TheproducersofBeidoubasedchips.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“installing”meaninParagraph3?A．puttingaway B．puttingoff C．puttingthrough D．puttingin7．HowdoesthewriterprovethevalueofsatellitenavigationandpositioningservicesinParagraph5?A．Byexplainingreasons B．Bylistingnumbers.C．Byparingconditions. D．Byintroducingbackgrounds.8．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．TechnologyShapestheFutureoftheProductsB．UsersNeedsDrivetheGrowthoftheProductsC．petitionLiftstheQualityoftheProductsD．ServiceIncreasestheSalesoftheProducts三、（2022·江蘇常州·中考真題）Beingsadorinalowmoodisanormal(正常的)partoflife.Manypeoplefeeldownfromtimetotime.Forexample,whenpeoplefacechallengingeventsintheirlives,suchasfinancial(經(jīng)濟(jì)的)difficultyormajorchanges,it’smontofeeldown.Butinmostcasesthebadfeelingsslowlydisappear.Asfordepression(抑郁癥),however,thebadmoodlastsforweeks,months,oreverlongerbecauseitisamental(精神的)illness.AstheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)noted,depressionisamooddisorder.Itshowsindifferentways,includinglossofinterestinnormalactivitiesandfeelingsoflowselfworth.Itoftenlastsforalongtimeandgreatlyharmsaperson’sabilityatworkorschoolorinthedailylife.Peoplewithdepressionusuallydon’tliketotalkabouttheirproblemswithothers.Moreseriously,depressionmayevenleadtotheactofkillingoneself.“Depressionisnotjustabout(一陣)ofsadnessorasignofweakness,andyoucan’tjustsimplystopfeelingdepressed.”saidthehealthnewswebsitemayoclinie.Butdepressionisnotaperson’sproblem.It’salsomoremonthanmostpeoplethink.Itishurtingabout280millionpeoplearoundtheworld,accordingtoWHO.Thoughdepressionisworrying,wedon’thavetobeafraidofit.Depressioncanbetreatedbygettingprofessional(專業(yè)的)help,takingmedicineoramixedtreatmentofboth.Infact,whenyoubegintofeelthedangerofdepression,youcantrytodealwithitearlybyyourself.Listeningtomusic,doingsomesportsanddrawingsomepicturesmighthelpyoufeelbetter.Anotherusefulwayistalktherapy.Whenweareattackedbyalowmood,havingaconversationwithothersisofgreathelp.Beinghonestabouthowwefeeldoesnotmakeusweak,itmakesushuman.9．Whoismostprobablyexperiencingdepression?A．Lily,whoisgoingtohaveanimportantexamandhasn’tsleptwellfor3days.B．May,whodislikeshernewschoolandhasplainedtoherparents3times.C．Ben,whothinkslifeworthlessandhascriedaloneover3timesaweekinthepastmonth.D．Tom,whofindssubjectshardandhastalkedtohisteacheraboutit3timesthisweek.10．Whatdoesthewriterthinkofdepression?A．Normalandnothingserious. B．Unmonalthoughharmful.C．Unavoidableanduntreatable. D．Treatablealthoughworrying.11．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Knowledgeofdepression. B．Waysoftreatingdepression.C．Reasonsfordepression. D．Resultsofdepression.四、（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）ProjectinSingaporeThefantasticmanmade“forest”isaSingaporelandmark.Itismadefromsteelandconcrete(水泥)coveredinlocalflowersandplants.Atnight,18solarpoweredtreeliketowerswhichgettheirenergyfromthesunoftenlightupthecity.Theprojectwasawarded“theWorldBuildingoftheYear”anditsdesignersaidtheideawastocreate“acityinagarden”.Clearly,thespecialwayofbuildinguptheforestmakesadifferencetoliftingthepublic’sawarenessaboutenvironment.ProjectinMilan

Bydecoratingthebuildingsfromtoptobottomwithmorethan20,000treesandplants,ItalianarchitectStefanoBoerisaidhe’dwantedtomaketreespartofthebuildingsandcreatesomethingthatcouldhelptoreducepollution.Thesebuildingslieinthecenterofthecity,Milan.Whichtypesoftreesareplantedandwherethetreesareplanteddependonthetrees’likesforsunlight.Thereisnodoubtthatthisawardwinningprojectisagreatwork.

ProjectinMedellin

Medellinhaswonhighpraiseforitsgreencorridors(長(zhǎng)廊)”.Thisprojecthelpsthecitywhichusedtobepooranddirtygetanewlook.Nowthe30corridorsfulloftreesandflowersconnectgreenspacessuchasparksandgardensinMedellin.ThegreencorridorshavereducedthetemperaturebytwodegreesandhelpedmaketheaircleanBeesandbirdshavereturned.Tomakethebeautyofthecityremain,moregardeningjobshavebeencreated.Becauseofthis,peopletherelivemoreactively.Itsoneofthebestexamplesdrivenbygovernmentwhichimprovestheenvironment.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”referto(指代)?A．Theairbeingclean. B．Beesandbirdsreturning.C．Thetemperaturedropping D．Gardeningjobsincreasing.13．Accordingtothepassage,allofthethreeprojects________.A．lieinthecitycenter B．havereceivedhighpraiseC．have18solarpoweredtowers D．have30corridorsfulloftreesandflowers14．Whichpartofamagazinemaythispassagebetakenfrom?A．InternationalCharities. B．ArtWorld.C．GreenLife. D．GreatPeople.五、（2022·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）TheoilpaperumbrellaisatraditionalChinesehandicraft（手工藝品）.Ithasahistoryofover1,000yearsinChina．InearlyTangDynasty,itwasintroducedtoJapanandKorea,soitwascalledthe“TangUmbrella”.LateroilpaperumbrellaswerespreadtootherAsiancountries,suchasVietnam,ThailandandLaos,andeachhaditsownstyle.However,assteelribbed（鋼骨的）umbrellasappearedinthelastcentury,thehandmadeoilpaperumbrellasbecamelessusedindailylife.Theywereturnedintodecorativeartifacts（裝飾性工藝品）.YuhanginHangzhouisknownformakingoilpaperumbrellasformorethan230years.Theyaremainlymadeofskinpaper（皮紙）,bamboo,acoatingofTungoil（桐油）.Theyneedtotakemorethan70stepstomake,includingmakingbambooribs,pestingpapers（糊紙）andpaintingpatterns（圖案）.Ittakesatleastaweektomakeperumbrella.In2008,theseumbrellaswereaddedtoIntangibleCulturalHeritageList（非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄）ofChina.AyoungmancalledLiuWeixuelearnedthetraditionalartofmakingYuhangoilpaperumbrellasfromhisgrandfather.“Iwanttobringthearttolife.”Liusaid.Heimprovedtheumbrellastowintheheartsofyoungpeople.Asthetraditionalpaperwaseasytobreak,hestartedtouseakindofthickerpaper.Inatest,hisumbrellaswereopenedandclosedfor1,000timeswithoutbreaking.Heusedakindoflighterbambootomaketheumbrellasweighless.NowLiuhopestheartcanbepassedon.Hegoestolocalschoolstoteachstudents.Healsogoestoeventsindifferentplacestopromote（推廣）theart.15．Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?A．Thehistoryofoilpaperumbrellas. B．Thestylesofoilpaperumbrellas.C．Thedesignofoilpaperumbrellas. D．Thewaysofusingoilpaperumbrellas.16．Whatisanoilpaperumbrellamainlymadeofaccordingtothepassage?A．Wool,bambooandacoatingofTungoil. B．Plastic,bambooandacoatingofTungoil.C．Skinpaper,bambooandacoatingofTungoil. D．Leather,bambooandacoatingofTungoil.17．WhydidLiuWeixuelearntheartofmakingYuhangoilpaperumbrellas?A．Becausehecouldn’tfindabetterjob. B．Becausehewantedtobringthearttolife.C．Becauseyoungpeoplelikedthefashion. D．Becausehisgrandfathertoldhimtolearn.18．Whichpartofamagazineisthepassageprobablyfrom?A．Culture. B．Medicine. C．Music. D．Sports.六、（2022·江蘇徐州·中考真題）Flyingcars:flyinghighandreachingforthesky!Trafficjamisalmosteverydriver’sheadache.Soit’snotsurprisingtoseewhytheideaofturningcarsintoflyingmachineshasbeenpopularforyears.Theflyingcarscanbeseeninalotofsciencefictionnovelsandfilms.Nowtheideamaybeearealityinthenearfuture.Basicinformation●Aflyingcarprovidestransportbybothlandandair.●Afewmodelsofflyingcarshavealreadypletedtestflights.Advantages●Reducingroadtrafficjams.●Travellingacrossgreaterdistancesmuchfasterthanmoncars.●Savingspaceonthegroundforparksandotherpublicspaces.▲●Buildinganenginethatispowerfulenoughtoliftandflythecarforalongtime.●Creatingastronglightweightbodysothattheflyingcarcanbeusedinanyweather.●Designingsky“roads”tomanagetheflowoftrafficintheair.●Makingnewtrafficrulesinthesky.19．Howmanyadvantagesdoesthematerialtellusaboutflyingcars?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.20．Whichwordisthemostsuitablefor▲?A．Disadvantages. B．Possibilities. C．Contributions. D．Challenges.21．Whatdowelearnfromthematerial?A．Peoplemaydriveflyingcarsinthenearfuture.B．Sofarnoflyingcarshavepletedtestflights.C．Therearesomerulesagainsttheuseofflyingcars.D．Flyingcarscanbeusedonland,inwaterandintheair.22．What’sthemainpurposeofthematerial?A．Toexplainhowtomakeflyingcars. B．Tointroduceflyingcars.C．Toshowtheimportanceofflyingcars. D．Toadvertiseforflyingcars.七、（2022·江蘇無(wú)錫·中考真題）Haveyoueverwatchedashowaboutthewild?Ashark(鯊魚(yú))eatsaseal!Lionsrundownagazelle!Isallnaturelikethat?Allabouteatingandblood?OristhatjustwhatkeepsoureyesgluedtotheTVscreen?Let’slookatsoniclivingthingswhoworkwitheachotherinsteadofrippingeachotherapart.Whenalionkillsagazelle,itwantstoeatasmuchasitcanandmaybesharetherestwithitsfamily.Therearesomelivingthingsthatwilltakesmallpiecesofanotherlivingthing’sbody.Parasitismiswhenonelivingthinggetsitsenergyfromanotherlivingthing,doesnotgiveanythingback,andhurtsthethingit’stakingthingsfrom.Nowlet’sgetalittlenicer.Sometimesalivingthingwillliveoffthebodyofanotherlivingthingwithouthurtingit.Theydonotstealanything.Theydonotbite.mensalismiswhentwolivingthingslivetogetherandonegetsgoodthingsoutofitwhiletheotherisnothurtbyit.Haveyouseenapictureofawhale(鯨)withrockywhitethingsstucktoitsskin?Thosearebarnacles(藤壺).Theyattachthemselvestothewhale,sonothingwilltrytoeatthemandtheycaneatthingsthatfloatby.Nowlet’sgetreallynice.Whilesharksarebitingandlionsarefighting,arethereanyanimalsthatjustgetalong?Yes!Actually,therearemany.Mutualismiswhentwolivingthingsworktogetherandbothgetgoodthingsoutofit.Beesandflowersarethemostmonexample.Withoutflowers,beescouldnotmakehoney.Withoutbees,flowerscouldnotmakenewseeds.It’swinwinforthesetwo.Therearelotsofanimalsthatgetalong.Birdswillliveonthebacksofzebrasandeattheticksthataredrinkingthezebra’sblood.Thebirdgetsfood.Thezebragetsitstickstakenaway.Insomeofthesecases,oneanimalcouldnotlivewithouttheother.Weusetheword“Symbiotic(共生的)”forallofthesekindsofrelationships.Sometimesit’sgoodforoneandbadfortheother.Sometimesit’sjustgoodforone.Sometimesit’sevengoodforboth.So,itisnicetoknowthattherearesomelivingthingsouttherethatarefindingwaystolivetogether.WecouldpayattentiontotheanimalsthatdonotalwaysmakeitonTV.23．ThewritermentionedaTVshowaboutthewildinParagraph1to________.A．tellastory B．solveamysteryC．Introduceasubject D．discussaprogramme24．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenbeesandflowers?A．Neighbours. B．Friends. C．Strangers. D．Partners.25．Howdoesthewriterdevelopthepassage?A．Byshowingpictures. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bypresentingreasons. D．Bydrawingconclusions.26．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Theworldoflivingthingsremainstobeexplored.B．Moreactionsshouldbetakentoprotectlivingthings.C．TVprogrammesaboutlivingthingsrequiretobeimproved.D．Moremoneywillbespentondocumentariesaboutlivingthings.八、（2022·江蘇無(wú)錫·中考真題）Studyingisnotalwaysthemostinterestingtaskwithinyourday,butitisanecessaryone.Eventhoughitisrequired,everyonehasgotboredatonetimeoranotherwhilestudying.Althoughthisisamonproblem,herearesometipsforyoutokeepboredomawaywhileyouarestudying.Findasuitableplacetostudy.Makesureyouareinaplacethatisfreeofdistraction(分心).Distractionswillactuallycauseyoutobeemoreboredbecauseyouareremindedofthethingsyoucouldbedoingotherthanstudying.Makea▲plan.Planfirst.Listwhatyouneedtogetpletedandhowlongyouneedtopleteit.Ifyouknowwhenyoucangobacktoplaysportsortalktoyourfriends,youwillbemorelikelytofixyourattentiononstudies.Mixupyourtopics.Changeupthetopicsthatyouarestudying.Mixupwhatyoustudyeveryhalfanhourtoanhourorsotoavoidboredom.Forexample,studyhistoryfor45minutes,mathsfor45minutes,andEnglishfor45minutes.Makesureyoudon’tspendallyourtimeononesubject.Takenotesasyougo.Takeanotebookoutandwritedownimportantnoteswhileyouarereadinganarticleinatextbook.Notonlywillithelpkeepyouengaged,youwillalsobelearningmorebecauseyouprocesstheinformationonceasyoureaditandthenagainasyousynthesizetheinformationtowritedown.27．Whichpartofamagazineisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A．Study. B．Health. C．Science. D．Culture.28．Whichwordisthemostsuitablefor▲?A．trip B．time C．business D．lunch29．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．howtolearndifferentsubjects B．howtostudywithoutgettingboredC．howtoreadanarticleinatextbook D．howtochooseaproperplacetostudy九、（2022·江蘇泰州·中考真題）Ancientartdoesn’thavetobeboring.Technologyinthe21stcenturycanhelptobringittolifebybining(融合)thebestoftheoldandthenew.AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestivalWalkingintotheChinaPavilionatExpo2010inShanghai,peoplewereamazedbyseeingahugedigital(數(shù)碼的)painting.Scientistsdigitized(數(shù)碼化)thefamouspaintingAlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestisalbyChineseartistZhangZeduan.Theoriginal(原先的)paintingshowslifeduringtheNorthernSongperiodanditincludesmanydetailsofancientChinesecustoms,lifestylesandtechnology.Farmersworkinthefields,sailorsmovearoundtheirboatsandpeopleeatanddobusinessinrestaurants.Partsofthebackgroundarealsoanimated(做成動(dòng)畫).Youcanseethewindblowingthroughthetreesandacrossthewater.Theseanimationsperfectlybinemoderntechnologyandancientart.Digitaltechnologyallowstoday’sartiststoexpresstheirideasinwaysthatancientartistswouldnotbelievepossible.Techniquessuchasanimationand3Ddigitalprojection(投影)makeartealive.DunhuangCavePaintingsDunhuangCaves,whichareprotectedancienttreasuresintheGobidesertinNorthwestChina,arefilledwithpaintingsandsculptureswithlastingvalue.Thisartworkwascreatedoveraperiodofaround1,000years.Thegoodnewsisforartloverswhocannottravelandforthecaves.Scientistshavecreateda360degree,3Ddigitalprojectionofthecaves,whichmakestheartworkealive.Thereisalsoafunction(功能)thatletsviewerszoominandenjoythepaintingsandsculpturesingreaterdetail.Digitisingancientartallowsustoexploretheancientpractices.Italsomakesthewholeworldunderstandtheartwhileprotectingtheoriginalartworksforthefuture.30．Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat________.A．bothofthetwoartworksuse3DdigitalprojectionB．a(chǎn)ncientartallowspeopletoexplorethemoderntechnologyC．peoplecan’tgotoDunhuangtoenjoypaintingsandsculpturesnowD．thedigitalpainting,AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestivalwascreatedbyZhangZeduan31．Whichsentencemaybethebesttofillinthe“________”?A．Inthedigitalpainting,alotofthesedetailsareanimated.B．Inthedigitalpainting,alotofthesescenesarewellknown.C．Inthedigitalpainting,moredetailsoftheartcanbeenjoyed.D．Inthedigitalpainting,manydifferentstylesofartcanbeseen.32．Theunderlinedphrase“zoomin”means________inChinese.A．使(鏡頭)抬高 B．使(鏡頭)拉近 C．使(鏡頭)俯視 D．使(鏡頭)遠(yuǎn)離33．Fromthepassage,wecaninfer(推斷)that_________.A．studyingancientartasmuchaspossibleisverynecessaryB．goodartmustbinemoderntechnologyandancientartC．protectingtheancientartworksismoreimportantthandevelopingtechnologyD．morevaluableancientartworkswillbeprotectedbetterwithtechnologyinthefuture34．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．EnjoyingAncientArt B．ProtectingModernTechnologyC．DigitisingAncientArt D．UnderstandingModernTechnology十、（2022·江蘇蘇州·中考真題）Allaboard!Let’stakearideontheworld’shighestrailway—theQinghaiTibetRailway（青藏鐵路）.Sitbackandenjoythejourney.Getreadyforthetripofalifetime.We’releavingQinghaiStation.ThesceneryalongthewayissomeofthewildestinallofChina.Keepyoureyesopenasweracethroughthisbeautifulland.YoumightseearareTibetanantelope（藏羚羊）fromyourwindow.Beforewebeginourjourney,let’slearnaboutthisamazingrailway.It’strulyoneofthegreatengineeringwondersofthe21stcentury.WhenitwaspletedonJuly1,2006,theTibetRailwaysetnineworldrecords,includingtheworld’shighestrailwayat5,072metresabovesealevel,theworld’shighesttunnel（隧道）at4,905metres,andthelongesttunneleverbuiltonpermafrost（凍土）.Aswetravelhigher,theairgetsthinnerandthinner.Soontherewillonlybe50to60percentoftheoxygenwhichweareusedtobreathing.Butdon’tbeafraid.Eachrailcarhastwoseparateoxygensystems.Onesystemspreadsoxygenthroughoutthetrainatalltimes.Andeachpassengercanalsogetapersonaloxygenmaskjustlikethoseusedinplanes.Hereareafewmorethingstothinkaboutasourtrainleavesthestation.Thedesignerssolvedthreemainchallengeswhenbuildingthisgreatrailway.First,thehighaltitude（海拔）madethetaskdifficultbecausetherewasnoenoughoxygen.Second,muchoftherailwayrunsacrosspermafrost,atypeofgroundthatkeepschangingastheweatherwarmsandcools.Finally,therailwaygoesthroughsomeofthemostsensitiveecology（敏感的生態(tài)環(huán)境）inChina.Greatcarewasnecessarytomakesureofthesmallestpossibleinfluenceonnature.Allthreechallengesweremet,makingourtrippossible.Allaboard!ThetraintoTibetisleavinginfifteenminutes.35．Wherearethepassengers?A．Onabus. B．Onatrain. C．Onaship. D．Onaplane.36．Howdoesthetextshowtherailwayisamazinginparagraph3?A．Bytellingastory. B．Byusingadesigner’swords.C．Byintroducingitsworldrecords. D．Byparingthepresentwiththepast.37．Howmanyoxygensystemsarethereineachrailcar?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.38．Whichofthefollowingincreasedthedifficultyofbuildingtherailway?A．Thechangingground.B．Thepollutedair. C．Thedangerousanimals. D．Thehotweather.十一、（2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州·中考真題）ResearchersatChinaAerospaceScienceandIndustryCorp,aStateowneddefensecontractor,havedevelopedandmadetheworld’sfirstrobotwhaleshark（鯨鯊）.Theroboticsharkhasbeenondisplayinanaquarium（水族館）atShanghaiHaichangOceanParksinceJanuary.Awhalesharkisaslowmovingcarpetsharkandthelargestknownlivingfish.DesignedandbuiltbyengineersattheShenyangbasedNo111Factory,theunderwaterrobotis4.7meterslong,weighs350kilogramsandcanmove42metersaminute.Poweredbyalithiumbattery,itcanswim,turn,floatanddivelikearealsharkbymovingitsmechanicalfins（鰭）.Themouthandgills（鰓）canalsoopenandcloselikeashark’s.Thebiomimeticsharkismadeofsensors（傳感器）,multijointfins,batteries,andsystemswhichenableittoavoidwhat’sinthewayinalldirections.“Therobotcanreachadepthof10metersandworkforaslongas10hours,”saidFangXuelin,aseniorresearcherinchargeoftherobotsharkprogram.“Thesharkcanberemotelycontrolledandcanalsoswimbasedonpresetprogramsoritsownsensors,”hesaid.“Wehavebuiltmultiplekindsofrobotfishes,andtheroboticwhalesharkisthelargestmechanicalfishwehavemadesofar,”Fangadded.“Ourrobotsaretoservethreepurposes—toperforminaquariumsforentertainment,spreadknowledgeabouttheseaandaquatic（水生的）animalsamongyoungsters,andcarryoutscientifictaskssuchashydrologicalsurveys,underwaterphotographyandenvironmentalinspection.”“Thefactorynowplanstodevelopmoretypesofaquaticrobots,includingsomeextinctmammals（哺乳動(dòng)物）,fordisplayinparksandschools.Itwillalsopromotetheproductstobusinessesengagedinfieldssuchasunderwatersalvageandmineralprospecting,”hesaid.39．Thewhalesharkondisplayis________.A．theworld’sfirstrobot B．thelargestlivingfishC．a(chǎn)7.4meterlongshark D．a(chǎn)roboticshark40．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“biomimetic”inParagraph5mean?A．仿生的 B．虛擬的 C．雜交的 D．變異的41．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Thesharkisthefirstmechanicalfishmadeatthefactory.B．Poweredbyalithiumbattery,thesharkcanswimwithoutstopping.C．Thefactoryhasbuiltmultiplekindsofrobotfishesincludingtheshark.D．Thefactoryhasdevelopedsomeextinctmammalsfordisplayinparks.42．WhatdoesParagraph8mainlytalkabout?A．Thelimitsoftheaquaticrobots. B．Thepurposesoftheaquaticrobots.C．Theprogressinmakingaquaticrobots. D．Thestepstodevelopingaquaticrobots.十二、（2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州·中考真題）Wetlandsareanylandthatisfloodedwithshallowwaterallormostofthetime.Theyareanaturalwaterholdingsystem.Therearemanytypesofwetlands.Amongthem,bogs,marshesandswampsarethethreemaintypes.Thedifferenttypesofwetlandshavedifferentkindsofplants.Onlymosses(苔蘚)andafewotherkindsofplantscangrowinbogs.Grassyplantslikecattails（香蒲）andreeds(蘆葦)arethemostmonplantsinamarsh.Aswampisaforestwhosegroundisunderwaterallormostofthetime.Unlikebogsormarshes,aswampisfulloftreesandbushes.