重慶市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題（含答案）2

重慶市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題姓名：__________班級(jí)：__________考號(hào)：__________題號(hào)一二三四總分評(píng)分一、閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。STEMSummerProgramsforHighSchoolStudentsSTEMisatermthatstandsforscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics.HereisalistofsomeofthebestSTEMsummercampsforhighschoolstudents.FutureMattersProgramItisan8-weekpaidsummerresearchexperienceforhighschoolstudents.Thisisahands-onprogramforstudentsinterestedingoingafteracareerinmedicalresearch.Studentswillattendseminarsledbythefacultyandparticipateindiscussionswithpeers.SimonsSummerResearchItisaseven-weekprogramlocatedatStonyBrookUniversity.Studentswillhavetheopportunitytoparticipateinspecialworkshops,toursandeventsfreeofcharge.Theywillconcludetheprogramproducingawrittenresearchabstractandaresearchposter.ResearchScienceInstituteItisthefirstcost-freesummerprogramofitskind.Duringthissix-weekprogram,studentswilldivedeeperintotheworldofscienceandengineeringbyexperiencingtheentireresearchcycle.Inthisprogramstudentswillattendclassesconductedbyfamousprofessorsandpreparewrittenandoralpresentationstopresenttheirresearch.PrograminMathforYoungScientistsThisisasix-weekintensivemathematicsprogramdesignedforstudentsacrosstheglobe.Unlikecommonprograms,itoffersagreatdealofindependenceforstudentstochoosetheirownschedulesanddecidewhattheywanttostudy.Besideslearning,thereisalso"mandatory(強(qiáng)制的)funtime"builtintotheweeklyschedulesothatstudentsareabletohavenon-mathrelatedactivities.1．Whichprogrambestsuitsstudentswhowanttobedoctors?A．FutureMattersProgram.B．SimonsSummerResearch.C．ResearchScienceInstitute.D．PrograminMathforYoungScientists.2．WhatdoSimonsSummerResearchandResearchScienceInstitutehaveincommon?A．Thetopic. B．Theexpense.C．Theduration. D．Thecontent.3．What'sspecialinPrograminMathforYoungScientists?A．Cultivatingindependentskills. B．Attendingnon-mathactivities.C．Tailoringpersonalschedules. D．Enrollinginternationalstudents.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Asthesayinggoes,"Giveamanafish,andyoufeedhimforaday.Teachamantofish,andyoufeedhimforalifetime."ThisisthewaythecharityorganizationHeiferInternational(國際小母牛慈善組織)wantstoendworldhunger.Itbeganinthe1930swhenanAmericanfarmer,DanWest,wenttoSpaintohelppeopleinneed.Hetriedtofeedthepeoplewithmilk.Butitseemedthattherewouldneverbeenoughmilk.Itmadehimthinkthatwhattheyneededwas"notacup,butacow".DanWestreturnedtoAmerica.Heworkedtogetherwithsomefriendstofindwaystoendhunger.Hebelievedgivinganimalsandprovidingtrainingwouldstopworldhunger.Withhishelp,HeiferInternationalwassetup.OnHeiferInternational'swebsite,youwillseealistofanimalslikecows,chickens,pigsandevenfishandbees.Youcanofferhelpbybuyingsomeanimalsforonecertainfamily.Thoseanimalswillhavebabies.Withmoreandmoreanimals,thesefamilieswillbeabletosupportthemselves.Oncethesefamiliesgetbetterlives,theywillpassontheactofkindnesstoothers.Moreimportantly,youarebuyingtheresources(資源)forprogramsrunbyHeiferInternationaltohelpmorefamilies.Theprogramsalsohelpsmall-sizedfarms.Asarule,eachfarmermustgivehisanimal'sfirstfemale(雄性)babytoanotherinneed.HeiferInternationalalsoprovidestrainingonanimalshealthandfeeding.Andthesefarmersallagreetoteachotherswhattheyhavelearnedasanotherrule.However,thereisstillalongwaytogo.Themilkmayrunout.Butiffamilieshavetheirowncows,theycangetplentyofmilktofeedthemselves.Theorganizationwantsthefarmerstogoonworkingtogether,helpingeachotherandlearningfromeachother.Maybehungercanreallybestopped.4．Accordingtothepassage,weknowthatDanWest____.A．setupateaminSpainB．helpedpeoplewithenoughfishC．wasaSpanishfarmerD．helpedsetupHeiferInternational5．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaboutthecharityorganizationHeiferInternational?A．HeiferInternationalmakesalistofanimalsonitswebsite.B．Farmersintheprogrammustteachothershowtofeedanimals.C．Farmersintheprogrammustgivealltheanimals'babiestoothers.D．HeiferIntermationalprovidestrainingonanimals'healthandfeeding.6．Ifweputthepassageintofourparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?（①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4⑤=Para.5⑥=Para.6）A．①；②③；④⑤；⑥ B．①；②③；④；⑤⑥C．①②；③；④⑤；⑥ D．①②③；④；⑤；⑥7．Thebesttitleofthispassagemaybe"____".A．AdviceonFeedingCows B．ACowInsteadofaCupC．TheCharityOrganizations D．AnAmericanFarmer閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ColinChapman,thefounderofLotusCars,wasonceofmotorracing'smostinfluentialengineers.Between1962and1978LotuswonsevenFormulaOneconstructorschampionships.Hesummeduphisphilosophyas"simplify,thenaddlightness".Itappearstobeanuncommoninsight.ApaperpublishedinNaturesuggeststhathumansstrugglewithsubtractive(減法的)thinking.Whenaskedtoimprovesomething,theytendtosuggestaddingnewthingsratherthanremovingwhatisalreadythere,evenwhenadditionsleadtosubpar(低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的)results.Theresearchwasmotivatedbyeverydayobservationratherthanpsychologicaltheory,saysGabrielleAdams,thepaper'sfirstauthor,whocitesfolkwisdomsuchas"lessismore"and"keepitsimple".Perhapstheneedforsuchreminderswasevidenceofablindspotinpeople'sthinking?AlongwithcolleaguesattheUniversityofVirginia,Dr.Adamsconductedaseriesofobservationalstudies.Inone,whenparticipantswereaskedtoalteranessaytheyhadwritten,16%cutwordswhile80%addedthem.Othersgavesimilarresults.Of827suggestionsreceivedbythenewbossofanAmericanuniversityforhowtheinstitutioncouldbeimproved,581involvedaddingnewthingsandjust70suggestedremovingsomething.Havingestablishedthatadditiondoesindeedseemtobemorepopularthansubtraction,thenextstepwastoworkoutwhy.Onepossibilitywasthatpeoplewereconsideringsubtractiveoptions,butdeliberatelychoosingnottopursuethem.Anotherwasthattheywerenoteventhinkingoftheminthefirstplace.Let'senteranewsetofexperiments.Oneexperimentaskedparticipantstoredesignalopsided(不平衡的)Legostructuresothatitcouldsupportahouse-brick.Participantscouldearnadollarforfixingtheproblem,buteachpieceofLegotheyaddedcutthatrewardbytencents.Eventhen,only41%workedoutthatsimplifyingthestructurebyremovingasingleblock,ratherthanstrengtheningitbyaddingmore,whichwasthewaytomaximisethepayout.Anotherexample,askingpeopletomakeagolfcourseworseratherthanbetterdidnotchangetheirpreferenceforadditions,whichsuggestedthatmanyweresimplynotthinkingofthepossibility,atleastatfirst.Whatallthisamountsto,saysBenjaminConverse,anotherofthestudy'sauthors,isevidenceforanewentryinthelistof"cognitivebiases"thatskew(歪曲)howhumansthink.Insteadofthinkingaproblemthroughandcomingupwithanidealsolution,theytendtousecognitiveshortcutsthatarefastandmostly"goodenough"intheirmind.Suchresearchhasinspiredanentirefielddedicatedtoworkingoutwhensuchshortcutsleadpeopleastray(迷失).Dr.Adamsandhercolleagues,meanwhile,arekeentoinvestigatetheirresultthoroughly.Onequestioniswhetherthepreferenceforadditionisinbornorlearned.8．WhydoestheauthormentionthestoryofColinChapman?A．Toprovideevidence.B．Tohighlighttheexperience.C．Topresentbackgroundinformation.D．Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.9．Whichofthefollowingiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A．PeoplepreferadditionstosubtractionsinmostsituationsB．Thephilosophy"lessismore"iswell-receivedforlong.C．Strengtheningthestructureisthewaytomaximizethepayout.D．Peopletendtouseshortcutsandcomeupwithidealsolutions.10．Whatdoesthestudypropose?A．Awaythatpeopleautomaticallythink.B．Afactthatpeopleroutinelyforget.C．Aviewthatshortcutsaregoodenough.D．Apointthatadditionisalwaysbetter.11．WhatareDr.Adamsandhiscolleagueslikelytostudynext?A．Thebenefitsofsubtractionsforpeople.B．Thewaysofchanginghowpeoplethink.C．Thedetailsofthepreferenceforaddition.D．Theinfluenceofcognitivebiasesonpeople.二、任務(wù)型閱讀（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whenwewalkthe"pathoflife",sociallifeisveryimportant.Moreoftenthannot,closefriendshipscanhelpussmoothoutthesometimesrockyroadthatwearemeanttotravel.12．:theymaycomforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.Throughfriendship,wecanbecomehappier,wiserandmoresatisfiedhumans.Thefirstfruitisthattheycancomforttheheart,becausethepeacecomesfromhavingsomeonewithwhomweshareourjoy,sadness,successandfailure.Here,friendshiphasadoubleadvantage-happinesstakesonagreatermeaningandatroublesharedbecomesatroublehalved!Naturally,thiskindofopennessresultsfromaclosefriendship.Withtruefriends,wefeelfreetoshareourjoyandsadnessinfullmeasure.Weknowthatourfriendswillbothrespectourfeelingsandtreasurethesemomentsofcloseness.13．Thesecondoneis14．.Weoftenfinditeasiertorecognizeotherpeople'sweaknessesthanourown.Asaresult,ifweareguidedonlybyourownfeelings,ourjudgementsmightbeone-sided.Ontheotherhand,ourfriendsarebetterabletoofferadviceonimportantdecisionsthatweallhavetomake.Also,whenwewanttotalkourproblemsoverwithafriend,wehavetoputourthoughtsintowordsfirst.Thisalonehelpsmakeourthoughtsclearerandbringsusamorethoroughunderstandingofourproblems.Thethirdoneisthattheycanhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves15．Sometimesafriendisevenknownasour"secondself".Therearesomanythingsinlifethatcanonlybeachievedwiththehelpoffriends.Friendsmayhavemanydifferentideasandskills.Theycanhelpusachievewhatwewantduringlifeand,perhaps,evenafterdeath.Finally,itshouldbepointedoutthatenjoyingthecompanyofacrowdisnotthesameasbeingwithfriends.Ifwewanttobetterwalkthe"pathoflife"withthecomfort,adviceandhelpfromourtrustedfriends,16．A．However,whenweseektobealone,wemustbecarefulthatwedonotalwaysescapeintoourownworld.B．becausefriendsmayofferhelpinmanydifferentways.C．Ingeneral,closefriendshipshavethreemain"fruits".D．weshouldchoosefriendsanddeveloprelationshipscarefully.E．Indeed,thehumanheartdependsonsuchopportunitiesforcomfortandprotection.F．thattheycanadvisetheheadbecausewemayhavebetterunderstandingandjudgementthatareachievedthroughconversationswithwell-meaningandwisefriends.G．quietperiodsofreflectioncanleadtopersonalimprovement.閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。BeforeIstartedhighschoolmyparentsgavemethegreatestgiftanyteenageboycouldaskfor:acellphone.I17．thatphoneallsummer.Tome,beingconnectedwasmoreimportantthanbeingpresent.So,youcanimaginemy18．whenIlearnedwhatmydadhad19．formyfamilyvacationthatyear."Thisyear,"mydadsaid,"Wearegoingcamping!"Hisexcitementwasmetwithadisappointingsigh（嘆氣）.20．,hewasn'tupset.Theviewsduringthetripwereamazing,butnoneofthosematteredtome.Mymindwasonmyphone.IrememberedthefirsttimeIlookedupwasforsomethingshocking—myphonehadnoservice.Mydadsaidthatitwouldbe21．untilwereturnedhome.Iwouldbe22．intheforestforfourdayswithnowaytocontacttheoutsideworld.Iwenttobedangrythatnight.Butsomething23．whenIawokeinthemorning.24．immediatelyburyingmyheadinmyphone,I25．somethingelse:mysurroundings.AsmydadandIwalkedthetrails（小路），Ifelttheweightoftonsofstressoffmyshoulders.Irealizedbeing26．tonaturemademefocusmoreonmyself.Iletmymindspeaktomeandlistenedtomyfeelings.IhadbeensofocusedonstayingconnectedthatIhadn'tbeenhearingmyown27．.Thatwas15yearsago,andIcarrythat28．tothisday.WhenIreceivedmyfirstworkemail.I29．thereasonwhymydadchoseacampsitewithnoaccesstotechnology.Inaworldthatasksformoreconnectivity,theneedtocheckupyourcellphonebecomesstronger.Havingmyowntimeisnearly30．whenIcanbe31．a(chǎn)tanytimeofdayornight.So,Ineedtoworkharder.WheneverIfeelmyinnerselfisslippingaway,Ifollowmydad'sguidance.Ipackupthetentanddriveuntilmyphoneshowsthosetwomagicwords:"noservice".17．A．wishedfor B．a(chǎn)ppliedfor C．livedon D．learnedfrom18．A．iImpression B．displeasure C．impoliteness D．embarrassment19．A．revised B．rented C．mistaken D．planned20．A．however B．Besides C．Therefore D．Otherwise21．A．mobile B．private C．missing D．useless22．A．trapped B．punished C．trained D．a(chǎn)ttended23．A．a(chǎn)ppeared B．ended C．changed D．formed24．A．becauseof B．Apartfrom C．Alongwith D．Insteadof25．A．cleanedup B．focusedonC．contributedto D．showedoff26．A．close B．blind C．similar D．new27．A．contacts B．parents C．thoughts D．sighs28．A．dream B．lesson C．stressor D．trial29．A．understood B．wondered C．recorded D．preferred30．A．painful B．impossible C．unreasonable D．obvious31．A．a(chǎn)ppreciated B．convinced C．recognized D．connected三、語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。NamedaftertheancientcityofChang'aninShaanxiprovince,which32．(serve)asthecapitaloftheTangDynastyforover280years,theepicfilmspans168minutes—thelongestruntimeofanyChineseanimatedmovie—andbringstolifesomeofthemosticonicfiguresinChineseliteraryhistory.Since33．releaseonJuly8,themoviehasearnedaratingof8.2outoftenonDouban,solidifyingitsposition34．oneofthemostacclaimedanimatedblockbusters(大片)ofthesummerseason.DespiteLiandDu35．(feature)inmanymoviesandTVshows,themovieemploysanunconventionalperspective,startingwiththememoriesofGaoShi,36．(relate)theupsanddownsofLi'slife,oneofthecountry'smostbelovedpoet.Interweavingthepersonal37．(fate)ofthesefigures,thefilmvividlypresentsthemagnificentscenesoftheTangDynasty.ItshowcasesthebustlingstreetsofancientChang'an,the38．(energy)andprosperouscityofYangzhou,aswellastheharshandsnowyborderlandsinnorthwesternChina.Themoviealsobeautifullycapturesthefree-spiritednatureoftheTangDynasty.Forinstance,inthenationalcivilserviceexamination,the39．(high)achieversaregrantedtheprivilegetoridemagnificenthorsesandpickthemostexquisiteflowerfromanyresidenceinthecapitalcity.40．(addition),poetswouldvisitlocaltaverns(酒館),41．theywouldenjoyforeigndancers'fascinatingmovementsandmelodioussinging,whiletastingwineandcraftingversesofpoetry.四、寫作（滿分40分）42．在促進(jìn)國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)大循環(huán)的當(dāng)下，讓世界看到中國造，讓國貨（domesticproducts）崛起，支持國貨的意義不可小覷。假定你是李華，請代表學(xué)生會(huì)向全校發(fā)起"支持國貨，購買國貨"的倡議。內(nèi)容包括：1．支持和購買國貨的意義;2．呼吁全體同學(xué)一起參與。注意：1．寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右;2．請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Mydearfellowstudents,43．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Inthesparetime,MrsGreenalwaysaskedhersons,AlanandJohntohelptheirneighbor,MsMaud,tocleanherhousebecauseshewastoooldtodoitherself.TheyhelpedMsMaudthroughoutthespring.Summervacationjustbegan.Thetwobrothersplannedtoplaytenniswithfriendseveryday,sotheycouldmakethefreshmanteam.However,Alan'sracket(球拍)waslost,whichdisappointedhimalot.Asusual,AlanandJohncametoMsMaud'shousetohelpher.TheywentdowntheblocktotheMsMaud'sandgotstarted.Beforecleaning,Johnputboxesthatwerethrownaroundthegarage(車庫)flooronshelves.WhenJohnputabigboxonashelf,hefoundatennisracketinthebox.Itwasanewracket,whichwasexactlywhatAlanwanted."You'vegottoseethis."JohntookoutthetennisracketandshowedittoAlan."Whoa,wheredidyougetthat?"Alanasked.Johnpointedtotheshelf,"Itwasjustintheboxoverthere."Alancontinuedtosay,"Itissobeautiful.Mytennisracketwasmissing.Ifwetakeit,Ibelievenoonewilleverknow."Helookedatthegaragedoor,whichwasclosed.ButJohndidn'tthinkit'sagoodidea,"Well,wedoalotofthingsforMsMaudanddon'tgetpaid.It'snotreallystealing.It'sakindofpaymentforourhardwork,"saidAlan.Withouthesitation(猶豫),Johnlookedattheracket,tookitfromAlan'shandandputitbackinthebox."Hello,boys."Atthattime,MsMaudwalkedintothegarage,surprisingthem."I'vemadeacake.Canyoucomeinforapiece?Ireallyappreciateallthethingsyoudoforme.""Ugh...sure,MsMaud,"saidJohn."Letusfinishupandwe'llberightin."MsMaudwentbacktoherhouse.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Then,JohntoldAlanthatMsMaudalwaysrewarded(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))themforhelpingher.AfterAlanandJohnfinishedthecake,MsMaudwalkedinandhandedAlananewtennisracket.

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．B3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了一些適合高中生的STEM夏令營。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項(xiàng)，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行理解。1．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)FutureMattersProgram部分中的"Thisisahands-onprogramforstudentsinterestedingoingafteracareerinmedicalresearch"這是一個(gè)為有興趣從事醫(yī)學(xué)研究的學(xué)生提供的實(shí)踐性項(xiàng)目。可知，該項(xiàng)目適合想要成為醫(yī)生的學(xué)生。故選A。2．考查理解理解。根據(jù)SimonsSummerResearch部分中的"Studentswillhavetheopportunitytoparticipateinspecialworkshops,toursandeventsfreeofcharge."學(xué)生將有機(jī)會(huì)免費(fèi)參加特別的研討會(huì)、參觀和活動(dòng)；以及ResearchScienceInstitute部分中的"Itisthefirstcost-freesummerprogramofitskind."這是首個(gè)此類免費(fèi)暑期課程?？芍@兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目的共同點(diǎn)是都免費(fèi)。故選B。3．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)PrograminMathforYoungScientists部分中的"Unlikecommonprograms,itoffersagreatdealofindependenceforstudentstochoosetheirownschedulesanddecidewhattheywanttostudy."與普通課程不同的是，它為學(xué)生提供了很大的獨(dú)立性，可以選擇自己的時(shí)間表并決定他們想學(xué)什么?？芍?，該項(xiàng)目的特殊之處在于它允許定制個(gè)人的時(shí)間表。故選C。【答案】4．D5．C6．A7．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，國際小母牛慈善機(jī)構(gòu)幫助人們減少饑餓，它用自身行動(dòng)踐行了"授人以魚不如授人以漁"的道理。作者介紹了國際小母牛慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的成立以及運(yùn)營情況。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和標(biāo)題歸納三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Withhishelp,HeiferInternationalwassetup."在他的幫助下，國際小母牛組織成立了?？芍?，DanWest幫助建立了國際小母牛組織，故選D。5．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Asarule,eachfarmermustgivehisanimal'sfirstfemale(雄性)babytoanotherinneed."一般來說，每個(gè)農(nóng)民主必須把他飼養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物的第一個(gè)雌性幼崽交給另一個(gè)需要幫助的人?？芍瑓⑴c這個(gè)組織的農(nóng)民必須把他飼養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物的第一個(gè)雌性幼崽給其他需要的人，而不是把所有的幼崽都給其他人，故選C。6．考查推理判斷。通讀全文可知，第一段引出了國際小母牛慈善機(jī)構(gòu)；第二段和第三段講述了國際小母牛慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的建立；第四段和第五段講述了國際小母牛慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)營情況；最后一段主要講述了國際小母牛慈善機(jī)構(gòu)希望農(nóng)民們繼續(xù)一起工作，互相幫助，互相學(xué)習(xí)，這樣或許能結(jié)束饑餓。故選A。7．考查標(biāo)題歸納。根據(jù)第一段"Asthesayinggoes,‘Giveamanafish,andyoufeedhimforaday.Teachamantofish,andyoufeedhimforalifetime.'ThisisthewaythecharityorganizationHeiferInternational(國際小母牛慈善組織)wantstoendworldhunger."俗話說："給人一條魚，就給他一天的食物。教會(huì)一個(gè)人釣魚，就能養(yǎng)活他一輩子。"這就是慈善組織國際小母牛組織想要結(jié)束世界饑餓的方式；以及第二段中的"Itmadehimthinkthatwhattheyneededwas‘notacup,butacow'."這讓他覺得他們需要的"不是一個(gè)杯子，而是一頭牛"可知，本文介紹了國際小母牛慈善機(jī)構(gòu)幫助人們減少饑餓，它用自身行動(dòng)踐行了"授人以魚不如授人以漁"的道理。"一頭牛，而不是一杯牛奶"體現(xiàn)了"授人以魚不如授人以漁"的道理，能概括該慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的踐行。故選B。【答案】8．D9．A10．B11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明人們存在喜歡用加法這一思維偏見，并分析了其后的原因。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細(xì)核對(duì)，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。8．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Hesummeduphisphilosophyas‘simplify,thenaddlightness'."他把自己的哲學(xué)總結(jié)為‘簡化，然后增加輕松'?？芍珻olin在談到自己的成功時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)了簡化的重要性；"Itappearstobeanuncommoninsight.ApaperpublishedinNaturesuggeststhathumansstrugglewithsubtractive(減法的)thinking.Whenaskedtoimprovesomething,theytendtosuggestaddingnewthingsratherthanremovingwhatisalreadythere,evenwhenadditionsleadtosubpar(低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的)results."這似乎是一個(gè)不尋常的見解?！蹲匀弧冯s志上發(fā)表的一篇論文表明，人類正在與減法思維作斗爭。當(dāng)被要求改進(jìn)某些東西時(shí)，他們傾向于建議添加新東西，而不是刪除已有的東西，即使添加會(huì)導(dǎo)致不理想的結(jié)果?？芍?，Colin所提出的觀點(diǎn)與本文要談?wù)摰闹黝}一致，所以本文講述他的故事是為了引出主題。故選D。9．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的"Havingestablishedthatadditiondoesindeedseemtobemorepopularthansubtraction,thenextstepwastoworkoutwhy."在確定了加法似乎確實(shí)比減法更受歡迎之后，下一步就是找出原因?？赏浦藗冊诖蠖鄶?shù)情況下都更偏向于加法，而不是減法。故選A。10．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Theresearchwasmotivatedbyeverydayobservationratherthanpsychologicaltheory,saysGabrielleAdams,thepaper'sfirstauthor,whocitesfolkwisdomsuchas‘lessismore'and‘keepitsimple'."該研究的第一作者GabrielleAdams說，這項(xiàng)研究是由日常觀察而非心理理論推動(dòng)的，他引用了民間智慧，比如"少即是多"和"保持簡單"；以及第四段"Havingestablishedthatadditiondoesindeedseemtobemorepopularthansubtraction,thenextstepwastoworkoutwhy.Onepossibilitywasthatpeoplewereconsideringsubtractiveoptions,butdeliberatelychoosingnottopursuethem.Anotherwasthattheywerenoteventhinkingoftheminthefirstplace."在確定加法似乎確實(shí)比減法更受歡迎之后，下一步就是找出原因。一種可能性是，人們正在考慮減法選項(xiàng)，但故意選擇不追求它們。另一個(gè)原因是，他們一開始甚至沒有想到它們；并結(jié)合全文可知，"少即是多"和"保持簡單"這種民間智慧正是減法思維的體現(xiàn)，而研究表明人們存在偏向做加法而不是減法這一思維偏見，這有兩種原因，一是故意這么做，二是想不到?？赏浦?，"少即是多"和"保持簡單"的民間智慧總是會(huì)被人們忽略，這項(xiàng)研究主要提出了人們平時(shí)會(huì)忘記的事實(shí)，即減法有時(shí)更能達(dá)到效果。故選B。11．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Onequestioniswhetherthepreferenceforadditionisinbornorlearned."一個(gè)問題是，對(duì)加法的偏好是天生的還是后天習(xí)得的。可知，Adams博士接下來要研究人們對(duì)加法的偏好是天生的還是后天習(xí)得的，可推測出，接下來他和他的同事很可能會(huì)研究人們偏好加法的一些細(xì)節(jié)。故選C?！敬鸢浮?2．C；13．E；14．F；15．B；16．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了友誼給人們帶來的三個(gè)好處。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查七選五，本文是一篇生活類閱讀，要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。12．根據(jù)空后"theymaycomforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves."它們可以安慰我們的心，建議我們的頭腦，幫助我們實(shí)現(xiàn)我們?yōu)樽约涸O(shè)定的目標(biāo)?？芍仗幪岢鲇颜x帶來三個(gè)好處，即安慰我們的心，建議我們的頭腦，幫助我們實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。C.Ingeneral,closefriendshipshavethreemain"fruits"."一般來說，親密的友誼有三個(gè)主要的‘果實(shí)'。"符合語境。故選C。13．根據(jù)空前"Thefirstfruitisthattheycancomforttheheart,becausethepeacecomesfromhavingsomeonewithwhomweshareourjoy,sadness,successandfailure."第一個(gè)果實(shí)是，它們可以安慰心靈，因?yàn)槠届o來自于有人與我們分享我們的喜悅，悲傷，成功和失敗?？芍?，友誼安慰心靈，從而使人類的心臟得到舒適和保護(hù)。E．Indeed,thehumanheartdependsonsuchopportunitiesforcomfortandprotection."的確，人類的心臟依賴于這樣的機(jī)會(huì)來獲得舒適和保護(hù)。"符合語境。故選E。14．根據(jù)空前"theymaycomforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves."它們可以安慰我們的心，建議我們的頭腦，幫助我們實(shí)現(xiàn)我們?yōu)樽约涸O(shè)定的目標(biāo)。可知，此處對(duì)應(yīng)友誼帶來的第二個(gè)果實(shí)，F(xiàn)．thattheycanadvisetheheadbecausewemayhavebetterunderstandingandjudgementthatareachievedthroughconversationswithwell-meaningandwisefriends."他們可以給頭腦提建議，因?yàn)橥ㄟ^與善意和明智的朋友交談，我們可能會(huì)有更好的理解和判斷。"符合語境。故選F。15．根據(jù)空后"Sometimesafriendisevenknownasour‘secondself'.Therearesomanythingsinlifethatcanonlybeachievedwiththehelpoffriends.Friendsmayhavemanydifferentideasandskills."有時(shí)朋友甚至被稱為我們的"第二個(gè)自我"。生活中有很多事情只有在朋友的幫助下才能完成。朋友們可能有很多不同的想法和技能。可知，空處和上文形成因果關(guān)系，解釋友誼可以幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)我們?yōu)樽约涸O(shè)定的目標(biāo)的原因。B．becausefriendsmayofferhelpinmanydifferentways."因?yàn)榕笥芽梢砸栽S多不同的方式提供幫助。"符合語境。故選B。16．根據(jù)空前"Finally,itshouldbepointedoutthatenjoyingthecompanyofacrowdisnotthesameasbeingwithfriends."最后，應(yīng)該指出的是，享受人群的陪伴和和朋友在一起是不一樣的?？芍?，文章最后提示我們選擇朋友和發(fā)展人際關(guān)系要謹(jǐn)慎。D.weshouldchoosefriendsanddeveloprelationshipscarefully."我們應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎地選擇朋友和發(fā)展人際關(guān)系。"符合語境。故選D。

【答案】17．C；18．B；19．D；20．A；21．D；22．A；23．C；24．D；25．B；26．A；27．C；28．B；29．A；30．B；31．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，講述作者上高中之前一直沉迷于手機(jī)，于是作者的父親選擇了一個(gè)沒有信號(hào)的地方去度假，讓兒子親近大自然，作者通過那次旅程改變了自己并一直記得父親的教導(dǎo)。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查完形填空，本題考點(diǎn)涉及動(dòng)詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。17．句意：在我上高中以前，我的父母給了我所有青少年想要的最好的禮物：一部手機(jī)，我整個(gè)夏天都在用那個(gè)手機(jī)。A.wishedfor"希望"；B.appliedfor"申請"；C.livedon"靠……過活，繼續(xù)存在"；D.learnedfrom"從……中學(xué)習(xí)"。根據(jù)下文"Tome,beingconnectedwasmoreimportantthanbeingpresent."對(duì)于我來說，保持聯(lián)系比在場更重要，可知，作者一整個(gè)夏天都在使用那部手機(jī)。故選C。18．句意：所以，你可以想象出那年當(dāng)我知道我爸爸制定的假期計(jì)劃時(shí)我的不開心。A.impression"印象"；B.displeasure"不開心"；C.impoliteness"不禮貌"；D.embarrassment"尷尬"。根據(jù)下文"Hisexcitementwasmetwithadisappointingsigh(嘆氣)."他的興奮遭遇到了一聲令人失望的嘆息。可知，作者是不開心的。故選B。19．句意：所以，你可以想象出那年當(dāng)我知道我爸爸制定的假期計(jì)劃時(shí)我的不開心。A.revised"修改"；B.rented"租賃"；C.mistaken"搞錯(cuò)，誤認(rèn)為"；D.planned"計(jì)劃"。根據(jù)下文"‘Thisyear,'mydadsaid,‘Wearegoingcamping!'""今年，"我爸爸說，"我們要去野營"可知，這是爸爸的假期計(jì)劃。故選D。20．句意：然而，他并沒有失望。A.However"然而"；B.Besides"此外"；C.Therefore"因此"；D.Otherwise"否則"。根據(jù)上文"Hisexcitementwasmetwithadisappointingsigh(嘆氣)."他的興奮遭遇到了一聲令人失望的嘆息；以及空格后"hewasn'tupset"可知，此處與前句形成轉(zhuǎn)折。故選A。21．句意：我爸爸說直到我們回家才能用。A.mobile"移動(dòng)的"；B.private"私人的"；C.missing"消失的"；D.useless"沒有用的"。根據(jù)上文可知，手機(jī)沒有信號(hào)，所以是不能用的。故選D。22．句意：我將會(huì)困在這個(gè)森林里四天而沒有辦法聯(lián)系到外面的世界。A.trapped"困住，絆住"；B.punished"懲罰"；C.trained"培訓(xùn)"；D.attended"參加"。根據(jù)語境可知，作者手機(jī)沒有信號(hào)沒有辦法聯(lián)系到外面的世界，作者認(rèn)為這四天是要被困在這里了。故選A。23．句意：但是當(dāng)我早上醒來時(shí)有些事情改變了。A.appeared"出現(xiàn)"；B.ended"結(jié)束"；C.changed"改變"；D.formed"形成"。根據(jù)下文"8immediatelyburyingmyheadinmyphone,I9somethingelse:mysurroundings.AsmydadandIwalkedthetrails(小路),Ifelttheweightoftonsofstressoffmyshoulders."而不是立刻把頭埋在手機(jī)里，我開始關(guān)注別的事情：周圍的環(huán)境。當(dāng)我和爸爸走在小路上時(shí)，我感覺到肩上的壓力消失?？芍?，這里指有些事情發(fā)生了變化。故選C。24．句意：而不是立刻把頭埋在手機(jī)里，我開始關(guān)注別的事情：周圍的環(huán)境。A.Becauseof"因?yàn)?；B.Apartfrom"除了"；C.Alongwith"和……一起"；D.Insteadof"而不是"。根據(jù)語境可知，作者開始關(guān)注周圍的環(huán)境而不是看手機(jī)。故選D。25．句意：而不是立刻把頭埋在手機(jī)里，我開始關(guān)注別的事情：周圍的環(huán)境。A.cleanedup"清理"；B.focusedon"關(guān)注"；C.contributedto"促成"；D.showedoff"炫耀"。根據(jù)語境可知，作者不再看埋頭手機(jī)而是開始關(guān)注周圍的環(huán)境。故選B。26．句意：我意識(shí)到親近大自然讓我更多的關(guān)注我自己。A.close"接近的"；B.blind"瞎的"；C.similar"相似的"；D.new"新的"。根據(jù)上文"AsmydadandIwalkedthetrails(小路),Ifelttheweightoftonsofstressoffmyshoulders."當(dāng)我和爸爸走在小路上時(shí)，我感覺到肩上的壓力消失?？芍@里指作者開始親近大自然。becloseto…固定短語，"親近，接近……"。故選A。27．句意：我之前一直太關(guān)注于保持聯(lián)系以至于我沒能聽到我自己內(nèi)心的想法。A.contacts"聯(lián)系"；B.parents"父母"；C.thoughts"想法"；D.sighs"嘆息"。根據(jù)上文"Iletmymindspeaktomeandlistenedtomyfeelings."我讓我的思想和我說話，傾聽我的感受?？芍?，這里是作者自己內(nèi)心的想法。故選C。28．句意：那是15年前的事了，直到今天我還記得這個(gè)教訓(xùn)。A.dream"夢想"；B.lesson"教訓(xùn)"；C.stressor"產(chǎn)生壓力的事情"；D.trial"實(shí)驗(yàn)，審訊"。根據(jù)語境可知，這是作者從中吸取的教訓(xùn)。故選B。29．句意：當(dāng)我收到第一份工作郵件時(shí)，我明白了我爸爸為什么選擇一個(gè)沒有科技設(shè)備的營地。A.understood"明白"；B.wondered"好奇"；C.recorded"記錄"；D.preferred"更喜歡"。根據(jù)語境可知，此時(shí)作者明白了爸爸的良苦用心。故選A。30．句意：不管白天還是晚上，我都可以被聯(lián)系到，所以我?guī)缀醪豢赡苡凶约旱臅r(shí)間。A.painful"痛苦的"；B.impossible"不可能的"；C.unreasonable"不合理的"；D.obvious"明顯的"。根據(jù)上文"Inaworldthatasksformoreconnectivity,theneedtocheckupyourcellphonebecomesstronger."在這樣一個(gè)需要更多聯(lián)系的世界里，把手機(jī)放在一邊的需求越來越強(qiáng)烈?？芍谶@樣一個(gè)需要更多聯(lián)系的世界，隨時(shí)隨地都會(huì)被聯(lián)系到，所以不可能有自己的時(shí)間。故選B。31．句意：不管白天還是晚上，我都可以被聯(lián)系到，所以我?guī)缀醪豢赡苡凶约旱臅r(shí)間。A.appreciated"欣賞，感激"；B.convinced"使信服"；C.recognized"意識(shí)到，辨認(rèn)出"；D.connected"聯(lián)系"。根據(jù)上文"Inaworldthatasksformoreconnectivity,theneedtocheckupyourcellphonebecomesstronger."在這樣一個(gè)需要更多聯(lián)系的世界里，把手機(jī)放在一邊的需求越來越強(qiáng)烈?？芍谶@樣一個(gè)需要更多聯(lián)系的世界，隨時(shí)隨地都會(huì)被聯(lián)系到。故選D?！敬鸢浮?2．served；33．its/the；34．a(chǎn)s；35．beingfeatured/havingbeenfeatured；36．torelate；37．fates；38．energetic；39．highest；40．Additionally；41．where【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了國內(nèi)暑期熱門的動(dòng)畫電影《長安三萬里》。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查語法填空，本題考點(diǎn)涉及時(shí)態(tài)，代詞，冠詞，介詞，非謂語動(dòng)詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，定語從句以及固定搭配等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識(shí)，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。32．