初高中英語時態(tài)和語態(tài)（+圖解+練習(xí)）

時態(tài)與語態(tài)

圖解時態(tài)PART01時態(tài)現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般一般現(xiàn)在一般過去一般將來過去將來進行現(xiàn)在進行過去進行將來進行過去將來進行完成現(xiàn)在完成過去完成將來完成過去將來完成完成進行現(xiàn)在完成進行過去完成進行將來完成進行過去將來完成進行時動詞時態(tài)（16種）1.用法：①表經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)

②客觀事實或普遍真理。2.構(gòu)成：

主語+do/does主語+am/is/are例句：Athousand-milejourneybeginswiththefirststep.

Theearthgoesaroundthesun.3.標(biāo)志詞：always,often,usually,sometimes,onceaday/week/month/year,everyday,never,hardlyever（幾乎不),onMondays等.過去現(xiàn)在將來在含時間和條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中如由when,if,assoonas,before,until，once,themoment等，用一般現(xiàn)在表將來，即主將從現(xiàn)。eg：IwillgowithyouassoonasIfinishmywork.一般現(xiàn)在時1.用法：①表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；

②也可表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作。2.構(gòu)成：

主語+did主語+was/were例句：Theclasswasdifficult,buttheteacherwaskindandfriendly.Thisafternoon,wehadourchemistryclassinthesciencelab.3.標(biāo)志詞：lastnight,yesterday,lastweek/month/year,someyearsago,in1995,inthepast,theotherday,atthattime,justnow.過去現(xiàn)在將來一般過去時1.用法：表示在將來某個時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)2.構(gòu)成：①

begoingto+v.原→表示計劃做某事/有跡象要發(fā)生某事②will+v.原

例句：Ithinkthattomorrow

willbeagreatday!

IbelieveIwillmakenewfriendshere,andthere’salottoexploreatseniorhigh.3.標(biāo)志詞：tomorrow,nextmonth,intwodays,soon，thedayaftertomorrow過去現(xiàn)在將來補：①go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來時。表即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事。Eg:WeareleavingforLondon.②

beaboutto+v.原

=begoingto③beto+v.原,都表將來,“

馬上做某事”Thetrainisabouttostart.Sheistobemarriednextmonth.一般將來時過去將來時

1.用法：表示從過去的某一時間看將來要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，常用于賓語從句中。即：在過去看將來

2.構(gòu)成：

woulddo或was/weregoingtodo例句：Ithoughttheywouldcometohelpme.Theyknewthattherewasgoingtobeseveralproblems.Theytoldmethattheywouldhaveaclassmeeting.Shesaidthatshewouldgotherebyherself.過去現(xiàn)在將來時態(tài)同步練習(xí)1.Thefestivaltraditionally__________(begin)onthefirstdayofthefirstmonthintheChinesecalendarandendswithLanternFestivalwhichisonthefifthday.2.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand_____________(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.3.He__________(attend)animportantmeetingnextSaturday.4.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they_____________(increase)theirsalesby20percent.5.Hesaidthathe__________(come)backinfiveminutes.beginsrecommendedwillattendwillincreasewouldcome

現(xiàn)在進行時1.用法：①表此時此刻正在進行的動作；②現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。2.構(gòu)成：

am/is/are+doing例句：Someoftheothersareeatingatthepark,butthefoodthereisreallyexpensive.MyparentsandIareplanningtogotoXi’antoseetheTerracottaArmy.3.標(biāo)志詞：now,thesedays,Listen!Look!rightnow,atthemoment,atpresent過去現(xiàn)在將來現(xiàn)在進行時往往與constantly,always,forevercontinually,allthetime等狀語連用，

表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作，帶有“厭惡”、“贊嘆”等感情色彩

eg:She’sconstantlycomplaining.

過去進行時1.用法：①表示過去某時或某段時間正在發(fā)生的動作，

②常與從句等特定的過去時間連用。2.構(gòu)成：was/were+doing

3.標(biāo)志詞：thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday例句：TheywerewatchingTVatthistimelastnight.昨晚這個時候他們正在看電視。Hesaidhewashavingsupperat6o’clockyesterday.他說他昨天6點鐘正在吃晚飯。過去現(xiàn)在將來時態(tài)同步練習(xí)

1.Look,thechildren__________(play)basketballontheplayground.2.He__________(listen)totheradiowhenIcamein.3.Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbus____________(wait)forus.4.I______________(watch)TVfrom7：00pm.to8:00pm.yesterday.5.She____________(cook)atthattime.areplayingwaslisteningiswaitingwaswatchingwascooking

現(xiàn)在完成時1.構(gòu)成：①

主+has/have+done2.用法：①表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成了影響和結(jié)果，常與already,yet,

never,ever,

lately，recently,

sofar,

uptonow，tillnow,bynow等副詞連用。eg：Haveyoureadthebookyet?

你看了那本書嗎？②現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（還有可能持續(xù)下去）常與for+時間段,since+時間點;in/for/duringthepast/lastfewyears連用,多為延續(xù)性動詞。

eg：IhavewatchedTVfortwohours.過去現(xiàn)在將來

過去完成時1.結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+haddone

2.用法:①一件事情發(fā)生在過去，而另一件事先于它發(fā)生（即“過去的過去”）發(fā)生在前的事情的動詞用過去完成。

Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.

②表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時間的動作，常用的時間狀語有：until/by/before/bytheendof

+“表過去的某一時間”。Bytheendoflastyear,wehadbuiltfivenewhouses.過去現(xiàn)在將來過去的過去ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentoLondon.Itwasthwthirdtimethathehadmadethesamemistake.特殊句型It/This/Thatis/willbethefirst/second...timethat+從句（現(xiàn)完）It/This/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethat+從句（過完）時態(tài)同步練習(xí)1.Inthelastfiveyears,Cao__________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa'shighestmountain.2.Since2011,thecountry___________(grow)morecornthanrice.3.Byabout6000BC，people______________(discover）thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise．haswalkedhasgrownhaddiscovered時態(tài)綜合練習(xí)一Mymother

(play)thepianoeverySunday.Ourmathteacher

(grade)ourschoolworknow.Bytheendoflastyear,we

(produce)20,000cars.Mybrother

(go)toLondonlastsummer.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_______________

(leave)officesoon.Inthepasttenyears,China

(witness)greatchanges.Anewteacher_(come)tomorrow.We

(have)amathclassatthistimeyesterday.playsisgradinghadproducedwentwouldleavehaswitnessedwillcomewerehaving

時態(tài)綜合練習(xí)一9.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe____________(leave)officesoon.10.Inthepasttenyears,China________________(witness)greatchanges.11.Anewteacher_____________(come)tomorrow.12.We________________(have)amathclassatthistimeyesterday.13.…In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It______(be）unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.…14.…Infact,Idon’tliketogoanymore,butI’mafraidI__________(lose)theirfriendship.WhatdoyouthinkIshoulddo?Ifyouwereme,wouldyoutalktothem?wouldleavehaswitnessedwillcomewerehavingwaswilllose語態(tài)PART02STEP1STEP3Thedefinitionofvoices

我們每天都打掃教室。教室每天都被我們打掃。Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.Whatisthedifference?STEP1STEP3主動語態(tài)：主語是動作的發(fā)出者。被動語態(tài)：主語是動作的承受者。ThedefinitionofvoicesWecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.發(fā)出者動作承受者承受者發(fā)出者動作STEP3Thestructureofpassivevoice一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+done一般過去時：was/were+done一般將來時：will+bedone過去將來時：would+bedoneBe+及物動詞的過去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時：Theclassroomuseveryday.一般過去時：Theclassroomusyesterday.一般將來時：Theclassroomustomorrow.過去將來時：Theclassroomusthenextday.iscleanedbywascleanedbywillbecleanedby

wouldbecleanedby

STEP3ThestructureofpassivevoiceBe+及物動詞的過去分詞現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/arebeingdone過去進行時：was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在進行時：Theclassroomusnow.過去進行時：Theclassroomusatthattimeyesterday.isbeingcleanedbywasbeingcleanedby

STEP3ThestructureofpassivevoiceBe+及物動詞的過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時：have/hasbeendone過去完成時：hadbeendone情態(tài)動詞:情態(tài)動詞+bedone現(xiàn)在完成時：Theclassroomusfortwohours.過去完成時：Theclassroom

us

fortwohoursyesterday.情態(tài)動詞：Theclassroomus.hasbeencleanedbyhadbeencleanedby

mustbecleanedby

STEP3主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，賓格變主格。謂語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)，be+過去分詞主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的賓語，主格變賓格，并由by引導(dǎo)，有時可以省略。

He

writes

alettereveryweek.Aletteriswrittenbyhimeveryweek.賓語提前主語變，原主變賓by后見，時態(tài)人稱be關(guān)鍵。STEP3主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，保留直接賓語。直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，保留間接賓語，并且在間接賓語前+to/for

She

sentmeacard.Acardwassentbyher.tomeI

wassentbyher.acardSTEP3主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)主動句中的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，保留賓語補足語。

He

told

ustocleantheclassroom.Weweretoldbyhim.tocleantheclassroomSTEP3注意事項主動形式表示被動意義(1)look,smell,taste,feel,sound,prove等系動詞用主動表示被動意義。例:Thecakesmellsdelicious.蛋糕聞起來很香。(2)wash,open,read,write,cut,sell,drive等詞作不及物動詞且它們的主語為物，可用主動表示被動意義。例:Theclothwasheswell.這種布料好洗。Thebooksellsquickly.這書銷售得快。

STEP3注意事項主動形式表示被動意義(3)beworth+doing表示“值得...”例:Thisfilmisworthseeing.這部電影值得看。

(4)want/need/require+doing表示“需要”=want/need/require+tobedone例:Mywatchneedsrepairing/toberepaired.我的手表需要修理。Myclotheswantwashing/tobewashed.我的衣服需要洗了。

STEP3注意事項不能用被動語態(tài)的情況(1)不及物動詞happen,takeplace,die,rise，cometrue等沒有被動語態(tài)。例：Allyourdreamswillcometrueifyoutryyourbest.(2)當(dāng)謂語為某些表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞,cost,have,

own,hold，last等時，不能用被動語態(tài)。例:Ourholidaylasts10days.

同步練習(xí)1.Drivers_____________(require)toswitchofftheirmobilephonewhiledrivingnowadays.2.It_____________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).3.Whenfatandsalt_____________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.4.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight___________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.arerequiredwasbuiltareremovedbemade四、主謂一致主謂一致練習(xí)1.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedtotheparty____________(be)fifty,butanumberofthem____________(be)absentfordifferentreasons.2.Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildren____________(be)therethen.3.There__________(be)lotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhenIgotthere.4.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntil

tomorrow_______(be)oftenacceptable.5.Thepolice_______(be)determinedtobringbackthethievesinorderforfurtherinvestigation.isarewerewereiswere時態(tài)綜合練習(xí)二1.Mymother___________(play)thepianoeverySunday.2.Ourmathteacher_____________(grade)ourschoolworknow.3.Bytheendoflastyear,we_________________(produce)20,000cars.4.Mybrother___________(go)toLondonlastsummer.5.Webelievethat,withthejointeffortsofbothteachersandstudents,ourschool_______________(become)amoreenjoyableplaceinthenearfuture.6.Uptonow,theprogra