2024屆高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法虛擬語氣自學(xué)自查導(dǎo)學(xué)案

高中英語語法專練學(xué)習(xí)單：虛擬語氣

通過情景導(dǎo)入，學(xué)生清晰了解虛擬語氣含義、構(gòu)成和用法。

學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

通過情景引導(dǎo)，學(xué)生學(xué)會辨析虛擬語氣的“三裝"，并能夠在真實(shí)場景中運(yùn)用。

學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)虛擬語氣含義、構(gòu)成和用法。

學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)辨析虛擬語氣的“三裝"。

問題思考

判斷下列句子屬于什么語氣？

1.TheoldladyisofferingaredappletotheSnowWhite.

2.Don'ttakeanyfoodfromastranger!

3.IfIweretheSnowWhite,Iwouldnoteatthatapple!

指點(diǎn)迷津

實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性時(shí)，在英語中要用虛擬語氣。

牛刀小試

以下哪句話可以不是虛擬語氣？

A.如果我是一只小鳥，我就飛到屋頂。

B.如果宇宙有盡頭，宇宙的盡頭就是鐵嶺。

C.如果時(shí)間每前進(jìn)2秒后退1秒，生活中會發(fā)生哪些變化？

D.如果我有時(shí)間，我就去看你。

第@語法探究）

問題探究

1.什么是"虛擬語氣呢"？

2.一個(gè)句子如何變化，才能體現(xiàn)虛擬呢？

探究發(fā)現(xiàn)：不同的虛擬語氣

1.虛情假意：if虛擬條件句

IfI(give)anotherchance,I(tell)herIloveher.

2.白日做夢：對現(xiàn)在虛擬

IfI(have)onemorechance,I(say)tothegirl,"Iloveyou!"

3.悔之晚矣：對過去虛擬

IfI(cherish)thetrueloveinmylife,I(live)withthegirl.

4.悔之晚矣：對過去虛擬

IfI(be)themostfortunateman,I(be)ever-lastingbyherside!

指點(diǎn)迷津：虛擬語氣：人生三大悲劇

本來能……；本來該……；本來會……

變態(tài)規(guī)律

規(guī)律1:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(do/does)-—

規(guī)律2:一般將來時(shí)(w川do)--

變態(tài)小技巧：would/could/might/should首字母"WCMS〃就可以了，剛好是"廁所沒水"。

語法秘籍

虛擬條件從句主句

與_______事實(shí)相反If+主語+（be用were）主語+WCMS+do

與_______事實(shí)相反If+主語+________主語+WCMS+_______

If+主語+

與情況相反If+主語+weretodo主語+WCMS+

If+主語+shoulddo

真題派送

1.（2019年江蘇卷）Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orweagoodtimetogether.

A.haveB.willhave

C.hadhadD.wouldhavehad

2.（2019年天津卷）Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisetheythetaskinhalfthe

time.

A.accomplishedB.hadaccomplished

C.wouldhaveaccomplishedD.wouldaccomplish

3.（2020年江蘇卷）IfIhadn'tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers,IwhereIam.

A.won'tbeB.wouldn1thavebeen

B.shouldn'thavebeenD.wouldn'tbe

暢所欲言

Ifyouweretrappedinanisland,andtherewere3toolsyoucanchoose,whatwouldtheybe?Andwhy?

ropeforkcleanwaterbucketscissormatch

mirrorkniferiflebookraft

探索發(fā)現(xiàn)2：虛擬條件句的“三裝"

火眼金睛

1.觀察下列句子，留意句式有何變化？

IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotmakeherdisappointed.=WereIyou,Iwouldnotmakeherdisappointed.

結(jié)論：這就是虛擬條件句的"倒裝"，倒的是""二要注意否定詞not/n。不能提前。

2.當(dāng)主句與從句的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，主從句的時(shí)態(tài)變化是怎樣的呢？

Ifyouhadtoldheryouraffectionforher,youwouldnotberegretfulnow.

結(jié)論：這就是虛擬條件句的”混裝〃，只要熟練運(yùn)用〃變態(tài)規(guī)律〃就好哦。

3.除了if可以表示虛擬語氣，還有哪些替身？觀察下列句子，總結(jié)規(guī)律。

(1)Butforthetask,youwouldhavelivedhappilywithher.

(2)Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.

(3)Withfavorablewinds,wemighthavegotthereintwodays.

(4)Wecouldhavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions.

(5)Iwouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwassobusy.

(6)Heisnotacarefuldriver,otherwisehewouldn'thavehadthataccident.

(7)Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar.

結(jié)論：這就是虛擬條件句的"偽裝"，有時(shí)候我們用一個(gè)暗藏的意思來表示虛擬，也就是"含蓄條件句"。

探究發(fā)現(xiàn)3:變幻莫測:Ifonly&wish&asif

火眼金睛：觀察下列句子，wish/ifonly都表示一種什么樣的情感？

1.Ifonly(要是)ZhiZunBaohadfalleninlovewithZiXia.

2.Iwishedtheycouldhaveappreciatedwhattheyhave,buttheyactasif(似乎)theydidn'tloveeach

other.

語法秘籍

主句從句

Ifonly

wish與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：did/were

wished與過去事實(shí)相反：couldhavedone

asif與將來事實(shí)相反：would/could/might/should+do

asthough

真題派送

4.Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisetheythetaskinhalfthetime.

A.accomplishedB.hadaccomplished

C.haveaccomplishedD.wouldhaveaccomplished

5.Ifwetheflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeach.

A.hadcaughtB.caught

C.havecaughtD.wouldcatch

6.notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.

A.ItwereB.Wereit

C.ItwasD.Wasit

7.Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishIasecondchancetobecomemore

involved.

A.hadB.w川have

C.wouldhavehadD.havehad

8.ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIit?

A.haddoneB.willhavedone

C.wouldhavehaddoneD.havehaddone

小試牛刀

1.Whichtranslationiscorrect?如果不曾遇見你,我將會是在哪里。

A.IfIhadnevercomeacrossyou,wherewouldIbe?

B.HadInevercomeacrossyou,wherewouldIhavebeen?

C.IfIhaven'tcomeacrossyou,wherewillIbe?

2.Trytotranslatethefollowingsentence:"但愿人長久，千里共嬋娟”

3.Whichpoemdoesthefollowingtranslationcomefrom?

IfonlyIgotmansionscoveringtenthousandmiles,Tdhouseallscholarspoorandmakethembeam

withsmiles.

Alas!Shouldthesehousesappearbeforemyeyes,frozeninmyunroofedcot,contentTddie.

探索發(fā)現(xiàn)4:各類從句的虛擬運(yùn)用一

火眼金睛：虛擬語氣還可以運(yùn)用在哪些從句中？

W:It'sapitythatyoushouldnotcometomyparty.

M:Sorry,mydoctororderedthatIshouldstayinbedforafewdays.

W:Itsoundsasifyouaregettingbetter.

M:Yes,Imustseethedoctoraboutitsoon.Itstimewehungup.

語法秘籍

desired/decided/advised

suggested/proposed

requested/recommended

Itis/wasapity/ashame/nowonderthatsb(should)do

necessary/important/natural

desirable/advisable/strange

urgent/preferable

指點(diǎn)迷津：這里的Should意為"應(yīng)該；竟然"可以省略，但不可換用would。

問題探究：這里的從句感覺都是事實(shí)，不是說和事實(shí)相反的才叫虛擬語氣嗎？

這種從句表示的是事實(shí)。如果我們對這種事實(shí)表示驚奇，就可以用虛擬語氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇，that

從句也可用陳述語氣。

語法秘籍

不同句式虛擬用法

一個(gè)堅(jiān)持:insist

兩條命令：command,order

賓語從句三條建議：suggest,advise,recommend

四個(gè)要求：require,request,demand,ask

備注：當(dāng)suggest意味〃暗示,表明〃，insist意為〃堅(jiān)持說〃，賓從用陳述語氣。

表主張:idea,decision,

表愿望目標(biāo)：aim,wish,desire,resolution,plan

表語從句/

表建議：advice,advise,recommendation,proposal

同位語從句

表命令要求：order,requirement,request,demand,necessity

備注：從句用should+動詞原形

sb.did

It's(high)

sb.was/weredoing

time

sb.should+do

真題派送：

9.It'sstrangethathehavetakenthebookswithouttheowner'spermission.

A.wouldB.should

C.couldD.might

10.Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichtheyawayinthepast.

A.hadthrownB.wouldhavethrown

C.werethrowingD.w川bethrowing

11.Mr.Lirequiredthecomputerequipmentreferredusedineveryclassroom.

A.shouldbeB.havetobe

C.tobeD.tobeing

12.Whatthecustomersfromthecompanyisthatthegoodsrighttotheirhomes.

A.requested;deliverB.demand;bedelivered

C.request;shoulddeliverD.demand;deliveredtobeing

<3回練習(xí)檢測)

語法填空

1.Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe(have)agoodtimetogether.

2.Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether,AIDS-relateddeaths

(fall)sincetheirhighestin2005.

3.IwishI(be)atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusiness

tripinNewYorkthen.

4.Itistimethatthegovernment(take)measurestoprotecttherarebirdsand

animals.

5.Ifwe(book)atableearlier,wewouldn'tbestandinghereinaqueue.

6.-DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?

-Yes.Otherwise,I(be)abletoreachheryesterday.

7.(be)itnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestu