2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試·甲卷（英語）附試卷分析

2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試·全國甲卷（英語）第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Wherearethespeakersgoing?A.Anewrestaurant.B.Aconveniencestore.C.Theiroffice.2.WhenistheclasspresentationaccordingtoVicky?A.OnThursday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnTuesday.3.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A.Tochecktheprice.B.Tomakeanapology.C.Tocancelherorder.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Bossandemployee.C.Salespersonandcustomer.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theirmovetoanewplace.B.Tom'sfriendsatschool.C.Asportscenter.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthegirltellherdad?A.Shedecidestoquitcollege.B.Sheworriesaboutheracademicability.C.Sheisunpopularwithherclassmates.7.Howdoesthefatherhelphisdaughter?A.Bytellingafunnyjoke.B.Bysharinghisownstory.C.Byplanningaschooltour.聽第7段材料,回答第8至10題。8.Whoistheman?A.Aresearcher.B.Abirdwatcher.C.Aradiohost.9.Whendobirdssingquieter?A.Onweekendmornings.B.Duringrushhours.C.Inearlyevenings.10.WhatisDr.Zollingergoingtodonext?A.Summarizeherstudies.B.Playsomerecordings.C.Answermorequestions.聽第8段材料,回答第11至13題。11.WherewasJenaborn?A.InCanada.B.InJapan.C.InAustralia.12.HowoldwasMikewhenheleftGlasgow?A.Five. B.Six. C.Ten.13.WhatdoweknowaboutMike'sparents?A.Theyenjoylivingabroad.B.Theyfirstmetattheageof20.C.Theywillstarttheirowncompany.聽第9段材料,回答第14至16題。14.WhatisthefirstquestiontoMr.Greenabout?A.Hisadventureinspace.B.Hisphysicalcondition.C.Hisdoctor'sadvice.15.HowdoesMr.GreenfeelabouttravelingtoMars?A.It'sunlikelytohappen.B.It'sphysicallydemanding.C.It'sachancenottobemissed.16.WhichisMr.Green'sfavoritemovie?A.Apollo13.B.BlueEarth.C.SpaceStation.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Givingareport.B.Introducingamusicalplay.C.Makinganannouncement.18.Whatarethestudentsexpectedtodo?A.Carryschoolflags.B.Wearfunclothes.C.Designfancymasks.19.Wherecantheparentsstandandwatch?A.Onthesidewalk.B.Ontheplayground.C.Infrontoftheoffice.20.Whatshouldthestudentsdoiftheydon'ttakepart?A.Lettheirteacherknow.B.Stayinthelecturehall.C.Dosomereading.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEachARTSFIRSTfestivalisauniqueannualcelebrationoftheHarvardcommunity'sartisticcreativity.WeinviteyoutojoinusforthecomingARTSFIRST.WelookforwardtowelcomingyouasweshowcasethecreativityoftheHarvardartscommunitythroughperformances,artexhibitionsandart-makingactivities.ThefestivalisapubliceventforHarvardandcommunitymembersofallages.LightAwashinWatercolorLearnaboutthematerialsandqualitiesofwatercolorpaintwithexpertsfromtheHarvardArtMuseumsMaterialsLab.TryyourhandatsomeofthepaintingtricksusedbyartistswhoseworkswillbeintheupcomingexhibitionofAmericanWatercolors,1880-1990:IntotheLight.SpinelessArtists:InvertebrateCreativityFromwebstococoons,invertebrates(無脊椎動物)createsomeofnature'smostdelicateandbeautifuldesigns.JoinJavierMarinfromtheHarvardMuseumofNaturalHistorytolearnhowinsectsandotherinvertebratesdance,inspirefashionandcreateart,whilemakingyourownspinelessartistsoutofcraft(手工藝)materials.WheelThrowingJoininstructorsfromtheCeramicsProgramandgreatpottersfromQuincy,CabotandMatherHousesfordemonstrationsusingthepotter'swheel.Thencreateyourownmasterpiece!KnittingandPom-PomMakingJointheHarvardUndergraduateKnittingCircletomakepom-pomsandtasselsoutofthread,orpickupapairofneedlesandlearntoknit(編織).21.WhatdoweknowaboutARTSFIRST?A.Itisanexhibitionofoilpaintings.B.Itoffersartcoursesforallages.C.Itpresentsrecreationalactivities.D.Itisamajortouristattraction.22.Whichprogramwillyoujoinifyou'reinterestedindrawingpictures?A.LightAwashinWatercolor.B.SpinelessArtists:InvertebrateCreativity.C.WheelThrowing.D.KnittingandPom-PomMaking.23.WhatcanyoudotogetherwithJavierMarin?A.Practiceatraditionaldance.B.Makehandcrafts.C.Visitalocalmuseum.D.Feedinvertebrates.BAnimalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(聲音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉動物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!

24.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats'meowingfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sasurvivalskill.B.It'staughtbymothercats.C.It'shardtointerpret.D.It'sgettinglouderwithage.25.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?A.Bylisteningforsounds.B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.C.Bycheckingonsmells.D.Bycommunicatingwithothercats.26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase“take...upanotch”inparagraph3?A.Performappropriately.B.Movefaster.C.Actstrangely.D.Dobetter.27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TipsonFindingaSmartCatB.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehaviorC.HaveFunwithYourCatD.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthyCTheSaintLukastraindoesn'tacceptpassengers—itacceptsonlythesick.TheSaintLukasisoneoffivegovernment-sponsoredmedicaltrainsthattraveltoremotetownsincentralandeasternRussia.Eachstoplastsanaverageoftwodays,andduringthattimethedoctorsandnursesonboardproviderural(鄉(xiāng)村)populationswithbasicmedicalcare,X-rayscansandprescriptions."Peoplestartedqueuingtomakeanappointmentearlyinthemorning,"saysEmileDucke,aGermanphotographerwhotraveledwiththestaffoftheSaintLukasforatwo-weektripinNovemberthroughthevastregions(區(qū)域)ofKrasnoyarskandKhakassia.Russia'spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.Thegovernmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,particularlyinthepoorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver,includingarrangingdoctor'sappointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.TheannualarrivaloftheSaintLukasisanotherattempttoimprovethesituation.For10monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock(補(bǔ)給).Thenitstartsalloveragainthenextmonth.Moststationswaitaboutayearbetweenvisits.Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain'sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups."Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,"saysDucke."Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant."28.HowistheSaintLukasdifferentfromothertrains?A.Itrunsacrosscountries.B.Itreservesseatsfortheseniors.C.Itfunctionsasahospital.D.Ittravelsalongariver.29.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3aboutKrasnoyarsk?A.Itisheavilypopulated.B.Itofferstrainingfordoctors.C.Itisamoderncity.D.Itneedsmedicalaid.30.HowlongcantheSaintLukasworkwithonesupply?A.Aboutayear.B.Abouttenmonths.C.Abouttwomonths.D.Abouttwoweeks.31.WhatisDucke'sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas'services?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful.C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.D"Ididn'tliketheending,"Isaidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.IhadjustfinishedreadingTheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthedifferencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthecharactersandendingsthatwererightforthecharacters,endingsthatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn'thaveatraditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,IwouldhavepreferredadifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifIwantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I'dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn'tguess,I'dpickupamystery(懸疑小說).OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.Butwritingtheend—that'shard.It'shardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat'sunpredictable,butdoesn'tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfitswhat'srightforthecharacters.That'swhythisissue(期)ofWriter'sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou'redoing.Ifit'sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.Thisissuewon'ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe—that'suptoyouandthestoryyou'retelling—butitmightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.32.WhydidtheauthorgotoProf.Gracie?A.Todiscussanovel.B.Tosubmitabookreport.C.Toargueforawriter.D.Toaskforareadinglist.33.WhatdidtheauthorrealizeafterseeingProf.Gracie?A.Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.B.Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacters.C.Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueending.D.Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.34.Whatisexpectedofagoodending?A.Itsatisfiesreaders'taste.B.Itfitswiththestorydevelopment.C.Itisusuallypositive.D.Itisopenforimagination.35.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?A.Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists.B.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine.D.Torecommendtheirnewbooks.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whatismoderation(適度)?Basically,itmeanseatingonlyasmuchfoodasyourbodyneeds.Youshouldfeelsatisfiedattheendofameal,butnottoofull.36Butitdoesn'tmeansayinggoodbyetothefoodsyoulove.

Takeyourtime.It'simportanttoslowdownandthinkaboutfoodassomethingnutritiousratherthanjustsomethingtoeatinbetweenmeetings.37Itactuallytakesafewminutesforyourbraintotellyourbodythatithashadenoughfood,soeatslowlyandstopeatingbeforeyoufeelfull.

Eatwithotherswheneverpossible.Eatingalone,especiallyinfrontoftheTVorcomputer,oftenleadstomindlessovereating.Andbecarefulaboutthefoodsyoukeepathand.It'smorechallengingtoeatinmoderationifyouhaveunhealthysnacksattheready,likecookies.38

Controlemotional(情緒的)eating.39Manyofusalsoturntofoodtodealwithunpleasantemotionssuchassadness,loneliness,orboredom.Butbylearninghealthierwaystomanageemotions,youcanregaincontroloverthefoodyoueatandyourfeelings.

40Ahealthybreakfastcanstartyourmetabolism(新陳代謝),whileeatingsmall,healthymealskeepsyourenergyupallday.Avoideatinglateatnight.Trytoeatdinnerearlierandfastfor14-16hoursuntilbreakfastthenextmorning.Studiessuggestthateatingonlywhenyou'remostactiveandgivingyourdigestivesystemalongbreakeachdaymayhelptoregulateweight.

A.Eatproperlythroughouttheday.B.Wedon'talwayseatjusttosatisfyhunger.C.Don'tswallowamealonthewaytowork.D.Mostofusneedtodoubletheamountweeat.E.Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.F.Formanyofus,moderationmeanseatinglessthanwedonow.G.Thatwon'tleadtocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Oneday,wehadafamilydinner.Whiletheadultswerebusywiththeirserioustalkoutside,Iwasleftaloneinthe41tohelpmygrandmotherwashdishes.42mygrandmotherwouldtellmestoriesaboutherchildhood.

BornjustbeforeWWⅡ,mygrandmother43anentirelydifferentchildhoodlifestylefrommine.Shedidnothaveachancetogoto44.Likeintypicalfamilies,whereboyswere45muchmorethangirls,mygrandmahadtostayathometodo46.Theonlyopportunity(機(jī)會)shecouldseizeto47waswhenherbrotherwashavingChinese48withthefamilytutor.Shewouldsitquietlyatthefarendofthelongdinnertable,listening49.ThistrainingtaughthertoreadandwriteherChineseupsidedown—askillthathasturnedouttobequite50,especiallywheneverwesharethenewspaper.Onmostweekends,mygrandmother,ayounggirlthen,andherbrotherwouldgotothe51.There,theywouldwalkthroughdeepwater,sitdowncross-leggedunderwaterandholdtheir52whiletheywatchedallactiongoingonaroundthem.ThisissomethingI53—herabilitytoopenher54underwaterandstillsitcomfortablyontheseabed.

Mychildhoodisquite55comparedwithhers.Iam56thatIdidnotneedto57thehardshipslikeshedid.I'veneverfacedtheproblemof58.Iguessourdifferentchildhoodbackgroundiswhatmakesmygrandmothersuchanamazingpersonto59to:herstoriesalwaysmakemyhistorytextbooks60.

41.A.sittingroom B.kitchen C.yard D.dininghall42.A.Asalways B.Bytheway C.Forexample D.Hereandnow43.A.adjusted B.promoted C.achieved D.experienced44.A.work B.school C.court D.press45.A.favored B.tolerated C.trusted D.acknowledged46.A.gardening B.homework C.business D.housework47.A.exercise B.study C.explore D.teach48.A.food B.guests C.lessons D.tea49.A.closely B.directly C.nervously D.freely50.A.professional B.awkward C.simple D.practical51.A.market B.mountain C.beach D.class52.A.secret B.breath C.view D.tongue53.A.admire B.notice C.adopt D.value54.A.hands B.mouth C.eyes D.arms55.A.difficult B.complex C.happy D.similar56.A.grateful B.surprised C.convinced D.regretful57.A.reflectupon B.gothrough C.askabout D.preparefor58.A.unemployment B.health C.education D.communication59.A.attend B.refer C.lead D.talk60.A.cometrue B.comeround C.comeout D.comealive第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tend61(catch)ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.Theyare62(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遺產(chǎn)).Howdidthenationalparksystemcomeabout?Onacool,starrynightinmid-September1870,fourmenrelaxedbeforeacampfirealongtheFireholeRiverin63isnownorthwesternWyoming.They64(be)partofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.

Whatshould65(do)withsuchabeautifulplace?Theywonderedoutloud.Thisarea,with66(it)uniqueandbreathtakingnaturalbeauty,mustbewellpreserved67allpeopleofthenationtoenjoy—asanationalpark.Theyallagreedandvowed(承諾)topromotetheideaatthe68(complete)oftheirjourney.Theirpromotionalworkpaidoff.Twoyearslater,18yearsbeforeWyomingbecameastate,YellowstonebecamethefirstnationalparkintheUnitedStatesandtheworld.Yellowstonewasthe69(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,70becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.

第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(∧),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Lastweek,IsawaprogramaboutChongqinghotpotonTV.Iwascuriousbutplannedaspecialone-daytriptherewithafriendofme.Ourfasttrainwaspackingwithpassengers.AattendantgaveussometravelbrochuresaboutChongqing.Whenwearrived,wewentstraightafamousrestaurantandordereddishes,whichtastedgreatly.Theatmosphereheremadethemealallthemoreenjoyed.Hotpotismeantforfamiliesandfriendstosittogether,dipeverythingtheylikethisinonepot,andsharedfriendshipandlove.第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)英語課要求做課堂展示,請你根據(jù)所給圖片,以DevelopmentofTransportinChina為題寫一篇發(fā)言稿。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.題目和首句已為你寫好。DevelopmentofTransportinChina