山東省濰坊市2023-2024學(xué)年高二年級上冊期末考試英語試題（解析版）

高二英語

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前、考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改

動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在

本試卷上無效。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂

到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題L5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選

項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱

讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.Whereisthedesignclass?

A.Downalevel.B.Upalevel.C.Onthesamelevel.

2.Whatdoesthemanlikebestabouttheapartment?

A.Itsprettygarden.B.Itslargerooms.C.Itsconvenientlocation.

3.WhatwillthewomandoonSaturday?

A.Gotothebeach.B.Gotoaparty.C.Gotowork.

4.Whatisthewomansavingmoneyfor?

A.Donationstoaproject.B.Theelectricitybill.C.Anewcar.

5.Whatistheman'sfavoritesubject?

A.Art.B.Math.C.Literature.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)

中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完

后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。

6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Motherandson.B.Classmates.C.Brotherandsister.

7.Whoisprobablythebestplayerintheclubnow?

A.Sam.B.Ming.C.Vince.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Whichcountryistheman'sseconddestination?

A.France.B.Italy.C.Spain.

9.WhywillthemanspendmoretimeinSpain?

A.TolearnSpanish.B.Togosightseeing.C.Tovisithisrelatives.

10.Howmanydayswillthetriplast?

A.10.B.12.C.17.

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.Whafstheman'sspecialrequest?

ANodrinks.B.Nocheese.C.Onionrings.

12.Whydoesthemanrefusedessert?

A.Hethinksittooexpensive.

B.Hedoesn'tlikesweetfoods.

C.Hewon'thavetimetoeatit.

13.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inarestaurant.B.Inacompanycafeteria.C.Intheman'skitchen.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。

14.Howisthewomanfeelingnow?

A.Tired.B.Excited.C.Surprised.

15.Wheredoesthemancomefromoriginally?

A.SanFrancisco.B.London.C.Beijing.

16.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?

A.Christmas.B.TheSpringFestival.C.TheDragonBoatFestival.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whattypeofproblemisthetrainnetworkexperiencing?

A.Aweatherproblem.B.Anelectricalproblem.C.Atechniqueproblem.

18.WhenwillthetrainarriveatManchesterstation?

A.At1:00pm.B.At1:30pm.C.At2:00pm.

19.WhatshouldpassengerstoWigando?

A.Takeabusinstead.B.Takethenexttrain.C.Walktoadifferentstation.

20.WhichplatformwillthetraintoWestKirbyleavefromnow?

A.PlatformF.B.PlatformG.C.PlatformK.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Thousandsofbooksarepublisheddaily,andbookadvertisementsplayacrucialroleinincreasingawareness

aboutthosebooks.Butifstooeasytobetrickedintobad"'advertisingopportunities^^andmakethewrong

decisions.Hereareseveralformsofdigitaladvertisingproventoworkwell.

Facebookadvertising:Facebookprovidestheperfectadvertisingplatformforauthorsbecauseitallows

targetingveryspecificcategoriesofpeople.Theotheradvantageisthatit'seasytotest.Youcanstartwithabudget

aslowas$5andgraduallyincreaseyourmonetary（貨幣的）commitmentifyourreturnoninvestmentispositive.

Amazonadvertising:Amazonallowsyoutoshowadsaboutyourbookdirectlyonotherbookpagesand

searchresultpages.SincetheirmainUSrolloutin2017,they'vebecomethemosteffectiveadvertisingplacefor

authors.

Bookbubadvertising:Bookbubrolledoutaself-serveadplatformin2016,whichthey'vegreatlyimproved

since.It'salesscompetitiveplayingfieldthanFacebookorAmazon,butitdoeshaveitsfeatures.

Discount/promotionadvertising:Ifyou'rerunningadiscountorfreepromotionononeofyourbooks,you

canapplytohaveitadvertisedinthenewslettersofplatformssuchasFreebooksy,Bargainbooksy,etc.

Othertypesofadvertisingincludesearchadvertising,Goodreadsadvertising,banneradsonwebsites,etc.

Thesehaven'tproducedthesameeffectiveresultsformostauthorsyet,buttheycouldbejustaseffective（ormore）

ifyouwriteinacertainfield.

1.WhatisspecialabouttheFacebookadvertising?

A.Itiseasyforauthorstoaccess.

B.Itaimsatsavingmoneyforreaders.

C.Itallowsadjustinginvestmentbyprofit.

D.Itincludesdifferentcategoriesofinformation.

2.Whichissuitabletopromoteyourbookwithadiscount?

A.Facebook.B.Amazon.C.Bookbub.D.Freebooksy.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Togetreaderstobuymorebooks.

B.Toraisepeople'sreadingawareness.

C.Toofferauthorsadvertisingplatforms.

D.Tohelppublisherscommunicatewithreaders.

【答案】l.C2.D3.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾種在書籍推廣中常用的幾種廣告形式，并詳細(xì)描述了每種廣

告形式的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢，以及如何使用它們來提高書籍的知名度和銷售量。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theotheradvantageisthatifseasytotest.Youcanstartwithabudgetaslowas

$5andgraduallyincreaseyourmonetary（貨幣的）commitmentifyourreturnoninvestmentispositive.（另一個優(yōu)

點(diǎn)是它很容易測試。你可以從低至5美元的預(yù)算開始，如果你的投資回報(bào)是積極的，你可以逐漸增加你的資

金投入。）”可知，F(xiàn)acebook的廣告很容易測試，可以從低預(yù)算開始，如果回報(bào)很好，就可以增加資金投入。

故選Co

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段Discount/promotionadvertising:Ifyou'rerunningadiscountorfreepromotion

ononeofyourbooks,youcanapplytohaveitadvertisedinthenewslettersofplatformssuchasFreebooksy,

Bargainbooksy,etc.（折扣/促銷廣告：如果你正在對你的某本書進(jìn)行折扣或免費(fèi)促銷,你可以申請?jiān)贔reebooksy>

Bargainbooksy等平臺的新聞通訊中做廣告。）”可知，如果你正在對你的某本書進(jìn)行折扣或免費(fèi)促銷，你可

以申請?jiān)贔reebooksy、Bargainbooksy等平臺的新聞通訊中做廣告。故選D。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第——段"Thousandsofbooksarepublisheddaily,andbookadvertisementsplayacrucial

roleinincreasingawarenessaboutthosebooks.Butit'stooeasytobetrickedintobad"'advertisingopportunities^^

andmakethewrongdecisions.Hereareseveralformsofdigitaladvertisingproventoworkwell.（每天都有成千上

萬的書出版，圖書廣告在提高人們對這些書的認(rèn)識方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用。但是，很容易被欺騙到糟糕的

“廣告機(jī)會”，并做出錯誤的決定。以下是幾種行之有效的數(shù)字廣告形式。）”可知，文章主要提供了一些

有效的數(shù)字廣告形式。故選C。

B

WorkingataninvestmentbankinNewYorkCityinthemid-2010s.AnnaSackswaslivingthelife-justnot

thelifeshewanted.Sure,shewashappy.Butshewantedtodosomethingthatfeltimportantandwasfulfillingona

deeperlevel.

SackspackedupherlifeandmovedtoConnecticutforthreemonthstoparticipateinAdamah,aJewish

farmingprogramthatfocusesonsustainablelivingandgrowingsustainablefood.TheAdamahprogramopened

Sacks'seyestothedamageconsumercultureisdoingonalocal,national,andgloballevel,andtheneedtofind

solutions.Fromthenon,shebeganwhatshecalls"trash（垃圾）walking."

WhilewalkingaroundherneighborhoodSacks,31,pickedthroughrubbishtolookforreusableitems.Soon,

hertrashwalksexpandedtoincludecompanyrubbishalongwithresidentialtrash.Surprisingly,shediscovereda

widerangeofreallygreatstufflikeclothing,dinnerware,andfood-allofwhichshedocumentsonInstagram

andTikTok.

UnderthenameTheTrashWalker,Sacksquicklygainedpopularityforhereducational,funny,andsurprising

videosthathighlighttheproblemswithconsumerismandshareinformationabouthowtoliveamoresustainable

life."Therootissueisoverproduction,whichleadstooverconsumption,whichleadstoalargeamountofwaste,“

shesays.Sacks?svideoshavegoneviralmanytimes,causingshockwavesthroughtheindustriesshecallsout.

TrashwalkinghasgivenSacksanearlyendlesssupplyandshesharesmuchofher“treasure“withothers.She

triesgivingtheminformallytofamily,friends,orindividualssheknowsmayneedaspecificitem.Thenshetakes

theremainingitemstofreestoressootherNewYorkerscanbenefitfromhertreasure-hunting.

Sacks9smainfocusissimplygettingpeopletopayattentiontohowmanyunnecessarythingstheybuyand

thenthrowaway."Onceyoubecomeawareofthewayyouconsume,youcanseewaysyouimprove,9,shesays.

4.WhatinspiredSackstobeginher"trashwalking99?

A.Herdesiretolivearicherlife.B.Thegreatneedforhouseholdstuff.

C.Herinvolvementinaproject.D.ThewishtobeanInternetstar.

5.WhatdoSacks'videosfocuson?

A.Funnystories.B.Viewsonconsumption.

C.Educationalcourses.D.Solutionstoproblems.

6.HowdoesSacksdealwithhertrash?

A.Shedonatesalltothecharity.B.Shekeepsmostforherfamily.

C.Shegivesawaymuchtoothers.D.Shesellssometoindividuals.

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TrashWalker:FindTreasureinTrash.

B.TrashWalking:AToughJourney.

C.TrashWalker:LiveintheMoment.

D.TrashWalking:ANewCareer.

【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位名叫AnnaSacks的女性的生活經(jīng)歷和她對可持續(xù)生活方

式的獨(dú)特貢獻(xiàn)，她通過“垃圾漫步”來減少浪費(fèi)，提高人們對可持續(xù)生活方式的認(rèn)識。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段"SackspackedupherlifeandmovedtoConnecticutforthreemonthstoparticipate

inAdamah,aJewishfanningprogramthatfocusesonsustainablelivingandgrowingsustainablefood.TheAdamah

programopenedSacks'seyestothedamageconsumercultureisdoingonalocal,national,andgloballevel,andthe

needtofindsolutions.Fromthenon,shebeganwhatshecalls"trash（垃圾）walking.''（Sacks結(jié)束了自己的生活，

搬到了康涅狄格州，在那里住了三個月，參加了一個名為Adamah的猶太農(nóng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目專注于可持續(xù)的

生活和種植可持續(xù)的食物。Adamah項(xiàng)目讓Sacks看到了消費(fèi)文化在地方、國家和全球?qū)用嫔显斐傻膿p害，

以及找到解決方案的必要性。從那時(shí)起，她開始了她所謂的“垃圾漫步”）"可知，Sacks參加了一個項(xiàng)目

后，看到了消費(fèi)文化在地方、國家和全球?qū)用嫔显斐傻膿p害，以及找到解決方案的必要性，于是她開始了

“垃圾漫步”。故選C。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段"UnderthenameTheTrashWalker,Sacksquicklygainedpopularityforher

educational,funny,andsurprisingvideosthathighlighttheproblemswithconsumerismandshareinformationabout

howtoliveamoresustainablelife."Therootissueisoverproduction,whichleadstooverconsumption,whichleads

toalargeamountofwaste,"shesays.（Sacks以"垃圾漫步者”的名字迅速走紅，因?yàn)樗挠薪逃缘?、有?/p>

和令人驚訝的視頻突出了消費(fèi)主義的問題，并分享了如何過上更可持續(xù)的生活的信息。她說：“根本問題是

生產(chǎn)過剩，生產(chǎn)過剩導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)過剩，消費(fèi)過剩導(dǎo)致大量浪費(fèi)。"）”可知，Sacks的視頻主要是和消費(fèi)主義相

關(guān)，包括她對消費(fèi)的看法。故選B。

【6題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段"TrashwalkinghasgivenSacksanearlyendlesssupplyandshesharesmuchofher

“treasure“withothers.Shetriesgivingtheminformallytofamily,friends,orindividualssheknowsmayneeda

specificitem.ThenshetakestheremainingitemstofreestoressootherNewYorkerscanbenefitfromhertreasure-

hunting」“垃圾漫步”給Sacks了幾乎無窮無盡的供應(yīng)，她與他人分享了她的大部分“寶藏”。她試著把它

們非正式地送給家人、朋友或她知道可能需要某件特定物品的個人。然后，她把剩下的東西送到免費(fèi)商店，

這樣其他紐約人就可以從她的尋寶活動中受益）”可知，Sacks將大部分的垃圾送給了家人、朋友和免費(fèi)商

店。故選c。

【7題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了AnnaSacks通過“垃圾漫步”活動在垃圾中尋找可重復(fù)

使用的物品，并將這些“寶藏”分享給他人的故事。因此，A選項(xiàng)“TrashWalker:FindTreasureinTrash（垃

圾漫步者：在垃圾中尋找寶藏）”最符合文章的主題和主要內(nèi)容，能夠準(zhǔn)確概括文章的核心思想。故選A。

C

Whenyoueagerlydigintoalong-anticipateddinner,signalsfromyourstomachtoyourbrainkeepyoufrom

eatingsomuchthatyou'llregretit~~orsoifsbeenthought.Thattheoryhadneverreallybeendirectlytesteduntila

teamofscientistsatUniversityofCalifornia,SanFranciscorecentlytookupthequestion.

Theteam,ledbyZacharyKnight,aprofessorofUCSFphysiologydiscoveredthatourtastebuds（味蕾）are

thefirstlineofdefenseagainsteatingtoofast.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalNature,providesscientistswitha

novelperspectiveonhowwecontrolourappetiteandcouldmakecleartheefficacyofweight-lossdrugslike

Ozempic.

TruongLy,PhD,agraduatestudentinKnighfslab,developednewtechniquesallowingfortheimagingand

recordingofabrainstemstructurecriticalforfeelingfullinanawake,activemouse.Theteamfoundthatwhenthey

putfooddirectlyintothemouse'sstomach,braincellscalledPRLHwhichinfluencesappetitewereactivatedby

nutrientsignalssentfromthestomach,inlinewithtraditionalthinkingandtheresultsofpriorstudies.However,

whentheyallowedthemicetoeatthefoodastheynormallywould,thosesignalsfromthestomachdidn'tshowup.

Instead,thePRLHbraincellsswitchedtoanewactivitypatternthatwasentirelycontrolledbysignalsfromthe

mouth.

“Itwasatotalsurprisethatthesecellswereprovokedbysenseoftaste,“saidLy."Itshowsthatthereareother

componentsoftheappetite-controlsystemthatweshouldbethinkingabout.9,Theresearchindicatesthatwhen

we'rehungry,ourbrainusestasteintwodifferentwaysatthesametime-onetellingustoeatmorebecauseit

tastesgood,andanotherpartiswatchinghowfastyou'reeatingandsaying,t6Slowdownoryou'regoingtobe

sick.”

Theresearchindicatesthatourbrainintegratestaste,ratherthanonlyrelyingonstomachsignaling,tocontrol

eatingbehavior.Theteamplanstoinvestigatehowtastesignalsinteractwithfeedbackfromthestomachto

suppress（抑制）ourappetiteduringameal.

8.WhatdoesthestudyconductedbyUCSFfind?

A.Ozempiciseffectiveinweightloss.B.Stomachshaveeffectsonourappetite.

C.Senseoftastecanaffectthespeedofeating.D.Theexpectationfordinnerinfluencesfoodintake.

9.WhatcanwelearnaboutPRLHbraincellsinparagraph3?

A.Theyarecrucialtoprovidingnutrients.

B.Theiractivitiescanalsoberuledbytastesignals.

C.Theirfunctionsaredeterminedbyregularmeals.

D.Theycanbeimprovedbysignalsfromstomachandtaste.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“provoke“inparagraph4mean?

A.Stimulate.B.Damage.C.Manage.D.Restrict.

11.Whatwillthefollowingresearchbeabout?

A.Stomachfeedbackforappetite.B.Interactionoftasteandstomach.

C.Thefunctionsoftastesignals.D.Developmentofweight-lossdrugs.

【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科學(xué)家驗(yàn)證了我們的味覺會影響吃飯的速度，文章解釋了研究

開展的過程以及研究的有關(guān)發(fā)現(xiàn)。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theteam,ledbyZacharyKnight,aprofessorofUCSFphysiologydiscoveredthat

ourtastebuds（味蕾）arethefirstlineofdefenseagainsteatingtoofast.（由力口州大學(xué)舊金山分校生理學(xué)教授

ZacharyKnight領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們的味蕾是防止吃得太快的第一道防線）”可知，加州大學(xué)舊金山

分校的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)味覺會影響吃飯的速度。故選C。

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段uInstead,thePRLHbraincellsswitchedtoanewactivitypatternthatwasentirely

controlledbysignalsfromthemouth.（相反，PRLH腦細(xì)胞切換到一種完全由口腔信號控制的新活動模式）”

可知，PRLH腦細(xì)胞的活動也受味覺信號的支配。故選B。

【10題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段"Instead,thePRLHbraincellsswitchedtoanewactivitypatternthatwasentirely

controlledbysignalsfromthemouth.（相反，PRLH腦細(xì)胞切換到一種完全由口腔信號控制的新活動模式）”

以及戈線詞后文“Theresearchindicatesthatwhenwe'rehungry,ourbrainusestasteintwodifferentwaysatthe

sametime-onetellingustoeatmorebecauseittastesgood,andanotherpartiswatchinghowfastyou'reeating

andsaying,ltSlowdownoryou'regoingtobesick.”（研究表明，當(dāng)我們餓的時(shí)候，我們的大腦同時(shí)以兩種不同

的方式使用味覺一一一種是告訴我們吃得多一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲兜篮芎?，另一種是看著你吃得多快，然后說：“慢

點(diǎn)，否則你會生病的。“）"可知，PRLH腦細(xì)胞是被味覺刺激而工作的，故劃線詞意思是“刺激”，故選

Ao

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theteamplanstoinvestigatehowtastesignalsinteractwithfeedbackfromthe

stomachtosuppress（抑制）ourappetiteduringameal.（研究小組計(jì)劃研究味覺信號如何與胃的反饋相互作用，

從而抑制我們吃飯時(shí)的食欲）”可知，接下來的研究關(guān)于味覺和胃的相互作用。故選B。

D

Allthehardworkthatyou'vespentmakingstrongpasswords,combiningpetnameswithnumbers,symbols

andbirthdatescouldallsoonbefornothingasanewartificialintelligence（AI）modelachievesa95%accuracyof

understandingkeystrokes（按鍵）.

AtleastthafstheextremeviewofateamofBritishresearchers.Usingadeeplearningmodel,theywereable

tostealdatafromalaptop'skeyboardusingamicrophonetounderstandwhatisbeingtyped.This,intheory,would

allowhackerswhowereabletogainaccesstoyourlaptoptoobtainwhatisbeingtypedincludingmessagesand

passwords.

Thefirststepforthisattacktoworkisbyrecordingthekeystrokesonsomeone'skeyboard.Thisisneededto

trainthealgorithm（計(jì)算程序）.Whilethiscouldbedonefromthelaptop'smicrophone,itcouldequallybe

achievedbyplacingasmartphonenearthecomputer.Bypressing36keysonamodemMacBookPro25timeseach

andrecordingthesoundsproduced,theresearchersgainedafullsetoftrainingdata.Thisinformationisturnedinto

waveformstoshowidentifiabledifferencesbetweeneachkey.Withthisinformationinhand,theycouldthenbuild

amachine-learningmodeltounderstandwhichofthesewaveformslinesupwithwhichkey.

“Ifyougetenoughdata,amodelcanbebuiltprettyeasily,“OliBuckley,aprofessorofInternetsecurity.t4Ifit

worksononekeyboard,itwilllikelyworkonthenext.TheMacBookhasanice,quietkeyboard,sotheideaisthat

ifitworksonsomethingquiet,itwillhaveawide-reachingabilityonlouderkeyboards”.

Whilethisallsoundsprettyscary,nottomentionanewformofhacking（侵入）tolookoutfor,itisn'tquiteas

worryingasitsounds.

“Agoodsampleofdataisneededforittowork,sothischangesifyou'reusingaDell,aMacBookoran

externalkeyboard.Also,factorschange.Somepeopletypeloaderandharder,ormykeyboardsfullofeathairso

thatimpactsthingsslightly”,saysBuckley.

12.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Whyprotectivestepsareneeded.

B.Whyasetoftrainingdataisvital.

C.Howyoudocumentsecretinformation.

D.Howhackersgaindatafromtargetedcomputers.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph4referto?

A.Thekeyboard.B.Themodel.C.Thewaveform.D.Thecomputer.

14.WhatdoBuckley'swordsimplyinthelastparagraph?

A.AIunderstandsexactlywhatyou5retyping.

B.Purchasingexpensivecomputerisnecessary.

C.Catsplayanimportantroleinprivacyprotection.

D.Buildinganaccuratedatasetthroughkeystrokesisnoteasy.

15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Ascarydangerisontheway.

B.Anewformofhackingtroublesus.

C.AIcantransformthedigitalworldinabigway.

D.AIcandiscoverpasswordsbylisteningtoyoutype.

【答案】12.D13.B14.D15.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究表明，人工智能能夠通過按鍵竊取你

的密碼。

【12題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thefirststepforthisattacktoworkisbyrecordingthekeystrokesonsomeone's

keyboard.Thisisneededtotrainthealgorithm（計(jì)算程序）.Whilethiscouldbedonefromthelaptop'smicrophone,

itcouldequallybeachievedbyplacingasmartphonenearthecomputer.Bypressing36keysonamodemMacBook

Pro25timeseachandrecordingthesoundsproduced,theresearchersgainedafullsetoftrainingdata.This

informationisturnedintowaveformstoshowidentifiabledifferencesbetweeneachkey.Withthisinformationin

hand,theycouldthenbuildamachine-learningmodeltounderstandwhichofthesewaveformslinesupwithwhich

key.（這種攻擊的第一步是記錄某人鍵盤上的按鍵。這是訓(xùn)練計(jì)算程序所需要的。雖然這可以通過筆記本電腦

的麥克風(fēng)來實(shí)現(xiàn)，但同樣可以通過在電腦附近放置智能手機(jī)來實(shí)現(xiàn)。研究人員通過在MacBookPro上按36

個鍵，每個鍵按25次，并記錄下產(chǎn)生的聲音，獲得了一整套訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)。這些信息被轉(zhuǎn)換成波形，以顯示每

個鍵之間可識別的差異。有了這些信息，他們就可以建立一個機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)模型，以了解哪些波形與哪個鍵對

齊。）”可知，第三段主要介紹了黑客如何從目標(biāo)電腦中獲取數(shù)據(jù)的。故選D。

【13題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上一句"Ifyougetenoughdata,amodelcanbebuiltprettyeasily（如果你有足夠的

數(shù)據(jù)，就可以很容易地建立一個模型。）"以及"Ifitworksononekeyboard（如果它能在一個鍵盤上工作）”

可推測，劃線單詞“it”指的是上文提到的模型。故選B。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段""Agoodsampleofdataisneededforittowork,sothischangesifyou'reusing

aDell,aMacBookoranexternalkeyboard.Also,factorschange.Somepeopletypeloaderandharder,ormy

keyboardsfullofeathairsothatimpactsthingsslightly",saysBuckley.（Buckley說，“為了讓它有效，需要良

好的樣本數(shù)據(jù)，因此，如果你使用的是戴爾、MacBook或外接鍵盤，情況就會有所不同。止匕外，還有其他

因素。有些人打字更快或更慢，或者我的鍵盤上滿是食物殘?jiān)皖^發(fā)，這些都會對結(jié)果產(chǎn)生輕微影響。“）”

可知，Buckley認(rèn)為通過按鍵聲來建立一個準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)據(jù)集并不容易。他提到，為了模型有效工作，需要良好

的樣本數(shù)據(jù)，而且不同鍵盤和打字方式會影響模型的準(zhǔn)確性。因此，通過按鍵聲來竊取筆記本電腦上的數(shù)據(jù)

并不是一件容易的事情，需要克服很多挑戰(zhàn)和不確定性。故選D。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段"Allthehardworkthatyou'vespentmakingstrongpasswords,combiningpet

nameswithnumbers,symbolsandbirthdatescouldallsoonbefornothingasanewartificialintelligence（AI）model

achievesa95%accuracyofunderstandingkeystrokes（按鍵）.（你花在制作強(qiáng)密碼、將寵物名字與數(shù)字、符號和

生日結(jié)合在一起的所有辛苦工作，很快就會化為烏有，因?yàn)橐环N新的人工智能（AI）模型可以達(dá)到95%的理解

按鍵的準(zhǔn)確率。）”以及第二段"Atleastthat'stheextremeviewofateamofBritishresearchers.Usingadeep

learningmodel,theywereabletostealdatafromalaptop'skeyboardusingamicrophonetounderstandwhatisbeing

typed.This,intheory,wouldallowhackerswhowereabletogainaccesstoyourlaptoptoobtainwhatisbeingtyped

includingmessagesandpasswords.（至少這是一組英國研究人員的極端觀點(diǎn)。通過使用深度學(xué)習(xí)模型，他們能

夠通過麥克風(fēng)從筆記本電腦的鍵盤上竊取數(shù)據(jù)，以了解輸入的內(nèi)容。從理論上講，這將使黑客能夠進(jìn)入你的

筆記本電腦，獲得你輸入的內(nèi)容，包括信息和密碼。）”可知，文章主要講述的人工智能能夠讀取鍵盤按鍵

聲音，從而獲得你的密碼。故選D。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)。

Ego（自我意識）candestroyambitionandsuccess.Itcanpreventusfromknowingourselvesandholdus

back.16Soitdisappearsfromthefrontofyourmind.

Feelingsofsuperiority（優(yōu)越感）aredestructive.Relationships,whetherpersonalorprofessional,caneasilybe

ruinedifyouconsideryourselfsuperior.Youwillsoondistanceyourselffromothersifyouadoptanattitudeof

superiority.17

Theurgetowineveryconflictandtoalwaysberightisextremelyunwise.Winningunimportantbattleswill

preventyoufromsteppingbackandassessingtheconsequencesofyouractions.Youwillnotbeabletotakeacool,

calmoverview.18Thiswillholdyoubackwhenyouneedthehelpandco-operationofotherstoachieve

yourgoals.

19Ontheroadtosuccessandafulfillingliferememberthatyouwillhaveenoughforyourneeds

ateverystage.Theconstantpushtogetmorecanbeexhaustingandwillaffectyourabilitytomakeprogress.Do

notgiveintoyourego'sneedformoreandwecanleadasimplerlife.

Gettingridofyourego,therefore,issomethingthatyoucanachievebyshiftingyourapproachtolife.

20Thenyouwillfindthatyounowfacelessofastruggle.Withoutyouregomakingdemandsofyou,

youwillbecomeamorepleasant,accessible,andeasy-goingcharacterwithanenviablereputation.

A.Weshouldrespecteveryone'slifestyle.

B.Learntobesatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.

C.Ifsnecessarytounderstandthedamageitdoestous.

D.Lifeismuchlessenjoyablewhenyouareanoutsider.

E.Thetricktotheproblemistoquietenthevoiceofego.

F.Weshouldleadalessdemandinglife,withlesspressureonourselves.

G.Theneedtobealwaysrightleadstounpopularityandothers'negativeviewofyou.

【答案】16.E17.D18.C19.B20.F

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章作者通過討論自我意識對雄心壯志和成功的影響，以及如何擺脫自我意識

的束縛，提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)空后“Soitdisappearsfromthefrontofyourmind.（所以它從你的腦海中消失了。）“可推斷，空處指的是

讓自我意識消失的方法。選項(xiàng)E"Thetricktotheproblemistoquietenthevoiceofego.（解決這個問題的訣竅

是讓自我的聲音安靜下來。）”與下文內(nèi)容相一致，指的是讓自我的聲音安靜下來，這樣自我意識就會從腦

海中消失。故選E。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)空前"Youwillsoondistanceyourselffromothersifyouadoptanattitudeofsuperiority.（如果你采取優(yōu)越感

的態(tài)度，你很快就會與別人疏遠(yuǎn)。）”可知，優(yōu)越感會讓別人疏遠(yuǎn)你。選項(xiàng)D"Lifeismuchlessenjoyablewhen

youareanoutsider.（當(dāng)你是一個局外人時(shí)，生活就不那么愉快了。）“自然延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指的是當(dāng)別人疏遠(yuǎn)

你的時(shí)候，生活就不愉快了。故選D。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)空前的“Theurgetowineveryconflictandtoalwaysberightisextremelyunwise.Winningunimportant

battleswillpreventyoufromsteppingbackandassessingtheconsequencesofyouractions.Youwillnotbeableto

takeacool,calmoverview.）；想要贏得每一場沖突、總是正確的沖動是極其不明智的。贏得不重要的戰(zhàn)斗會阻

止你退后一步，評估你行為的后果。你將無法冷靜地看待問題。）”可知，想要一直贏，一直正確的沖動是

有害的。選項(xiàng)C"It'snecessarytounderstandthedamageitdoestous.（有必要了解它對我們造成的損害）”是上

文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，指出我們應(yīng)該了解這種沖動不利于我們的自身發(fā)展。故選C。

【19題詳解】

空處為段首句，為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文“Ontheroadtosuccessandafulfillinglife,rememberthatyouwill

haveenoughforyourneedsateverystage.Theconstantpushtogetmorecanbeexhaustingandwillaffectyour

abilitytomakeprogress.Donotgiveintoyourego'sneedformoreandwecanleadasimpler在通往成功和

充實(shí)人生的道路上，請記住，在每個階段你都會有足夠的錢來滿足你的需要。不斷地追求更多會讓你筋疲力

盡，也會影響你取得進(jìn)步的能力。不要屈服于自我對更多的需求，我們可以過更簡單的生活。）”可知，本

段講述的是不要總是不知滿足，我們可以過簡單的生活。選項(xiàng)BuLearntobesatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.（^

會滿足于你所擁有的。）”與本段內(nèi)容相符。故選B。

[20題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Gettingridofyourego,therefore,issomethingthatyoucanachievebyshiftingyourapproachtolife.（因

此，你可以通過改變你的生活方式來擺脫自我。）”可知，我們可以通過改變生活方式來擺脫自我意識。選

項(xiàng)F“Weshouldleadalessdemandinglife,withlesspressureonourselves.（我們應(yīng)該過一種要求少一些的生活，

給自己少一些壓力。）”與空前內(nèi)容相一致，指的是改變我們的生活方式，從而擺脫自我意識。故選F。

第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最

佳選項(xiàng)。

Caring17-year-old,LaurenSchroeder,wasinspiredtohelpbringhealthyfoodtoneedyfamiliesinher

community.Whenshewasjust14,shevolunteeredatalocal21tohelpfillboxesforpeopleinneedwith

cannedandpackagedfood.Shefeltsomethingwasmissing:freshvegetables.4tIthoughtitwouldbegreatto

22that,“LaurentoldtheWashingtonPostabouthermotivationtogrowand23homegrown

produce.

This24teenthentoldherparentsofherdesiretostartagardenontheirfamilyfarm.Ini