湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市師大附中2025屆高三上學(xué)期第二次月考英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

湖南師大附中2025屆高三月考試卷(二)英語(yǔ)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheVirginIslandsNationalParkisatropical(熱帶的)paradiseontheislandofSt.John,whichcoversmorethanhalfofthesmallisland.ItissurroundedbytheAtlanticOceantothenorthandtheCaribbeanSeatothesouth,wheretheclimateiswarmallyear.Theisland'swhitesandbeachesandclearblueseasareconsideredtobeamongthemostbeautifulintheCaribbean,gainingreputationandpopularityamongvisitorsacrosstheworld.HowthenationalparkwasformedLaurenceRockefellerwasanAmericanmillionaire,businessmanandconservationist.HevisitedSt.Johninthe1950s.Hequicklyfellinlovewiththeisland'sclean,purebeauty.Hefirstpurchasedasmallresortthere,CaneelBay.Healsopurchasedmorethan2,000hectaresoftheislandanddonatedittothegovernment.ThatdonationcreatedtheU.S.VirginIslandsNationalPark.ItwasofficiallyopenedasanationalparkonDecember1,1956.HowtogettotheparkTheonlywaytoreachtheparkisbyboat.Somepeoplearriveontheirownsailboats.Otherscomeinonlargecruiseships.VisitorsalsoarriveonwatertaxisfromtheislandofSt.Thomas.WhattodoattheparkFromthetropicalhillstothebluewaters,therearemanythingstodoattheVirginIslandsNationalPark.Visitorsenjoyfishing,camping,sailing,scubadiving,snorkeling(浮潛),andbirdwatching.Ofallofthepark'sbeaches,TrunkBayBeachissaidtobethemoststriking.Belowtheclearbluewaterisa200-metersnorkelingpath.HawksnestBeachisalsoapopularplaceforsnorkeling.NeartheshorearethreesmallreefsofElkhornCoral.TheElkhornCoralgetsitsnamefromitsshape.Thereeflookssimilartothehugehorns(角)ofananimalcalledelk.Itisaveryrarekindofreef.Scientistssayitisindangerofbecomingextinct.TheVirginIslandsNationalParkisoftencalledAmerica'sparadise.ItprotectsSt.John'spristinenature,andpreservestherecordofhumanhistoryintheCaribbean.Don'thesitate!Comehereandputyourselfintheparadise!1.WhatismostlikelyattractivetotouristswhentheyvisittheVirginIslandsNationalPark?A.Itstropicalclimate. B.Itslocation.C.Itsbeautifulscenery. D.Itsactivity.2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheVirginIslandsNationalPark?A.Ananimalcalledelkisatriskofbecomingdyingout.B.Visitorscanchooseanymeansoftransportationtogettothepark.C.Laurence'sdonationgreatlycontributedtothefoundationofthepark.D.Thereisa200-metersnorkelingpathbeneaththewateroftheHawksnestBeach.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Aspeechscript. B.Atravelbrochure.C.Anacademicessay. D.Ageographicjournal.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了美國(guó)維爾京群島國(guó)家公園的概況、怎么去這個(gè)公園、以及在這個(gè)公園可以做一些什么?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theisland’swhitesandbeachesandclearblueseasareconsideredtobeamongthemostbeautifulintheCaribbean,gainingreputationandpopularityamongvisitorsacrosstheworld.(島上的白色沙灘和清澈的藍(lán)色海洋被認(rèn)為是加勒比海最美麗的海灘之一，在世界各地的游客中贏得了聲譽(yù)和歡迎。)”可知，游客們最有可能被它的美麗景色吸引。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Healsopurchasedmorethan2,000hectaresoftheislandanddonatedittothegovernment.ThatdonationcreatedtheU.S.VirginIslandsNationalPark.(他還購(gòu)買2000多公頃的土地并捐贈(zèng)給了政府。這筆捐贈(zèng)創(chuàng)建了美國(guó)維爾京群島國(guó)家公園。)”可知，是他的這筆捐款促成了維爾京群島國(guó)家公園的建立。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Don’thesitate!Comehereandputyourselfintheparadise!(不要猶豫！來(lái)，置身于天堂！)”以及小標(biāo)題“Howtogettothepark”和“Whattodoatthepark”可知，此文摘自于旅游手冊(cè)。故選B。BBoeing’sStarlinerspacecraftlandedinaNewMexicodesertlateonFriday,monthsafteritsoriginaldeparturedateandwithoutthetwoastronautsitcarriedwhenitlaunchedinearlyJune.TheNasaastronautsSuniWilliamsandButchWilmoreshouldhaveflowntheStarlinerbacktoEarthinJuneaweekafterlaunchinginit.Butthruster(推進(jìn)器)failuresandhelium(氦氣)leaksmarredtheirride.Instead,theywillremainattheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)fortherestoftheyearandwillreturninFebruaryaboardtheSpaceXDragonspacecraft.NasaultimatelydecideditwastooriskytoreturnWilliamsandWilmoreontheStarliner.Sothecapsulecontainstheiremptyseatsandbluespacesuitsalongwithsomeoldstationequipment.AfterNasa’sspaceshuttleswereretiredmorethanadecadeago,NasahiredBoeingandSpaceXfororbital(軌道的)taxiservice.Boeingranintosomanyproblemsonitsfirsttestflightwithnooneonboardin2019thatithadtorepeatit.The2022do-overuncoveredevenmoreflawsandtherepairbilltopped$1.5bn.TheStarlinerfinallyblastedintospaceon5JunefromFlorida’sCapeCanaveralSpaceForceStationafterunsuccessfullauncheson6Mayand1June.Onthefirstlaunchattempt,aproblemwasfoundwithavalve(閥門(mén))onthesecondstage,orupperportion,oftherocket.Onthesecond,acomputertrippedanautomaticholdjustthreeminutesand50secondsfromliftoff.Thatwaslaterattributedtoasinglegroundpowersupplyfaultwithinoneofthelaunchcontrolcomputers.Evenafteritsuccessfullylaunched,heliumleakscontinuedtotroublethespacecraft.AstheStarlinerapproachedtheISS,twoleaksweredetectedbutNasadeterminedthespacecraftremainedstable.Whatstartedasaneight-daymissiondraggedonforthreemonthsaftertheleaksandfaultythrustersraisedsafetyconcerns.However,NasaandBoeingofficialsinsistedthattheastronautswerenottrappedandthatthetechnicaldifficultiesdidnotthreatenthemission.“We’llcomehomewhenwe’reready,”SteveStich,Nasa’scommercialcrewprogrammanager,saidinthepressconferenceinJuly.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“marred”inparagraph2mean?A.Underwent. B.Stimulated.C.Facilitated. D.Blocked.5.WhatdoweknowaboutBoeing’sspacecraftlaunches?A.Theywerefilledwithdelaysandsetbacks. B.Starliner’sinitiallaunchwentsmoothly.C.The2019mannedspaceflightwasafailure D.Reasonsoftheproblemswerestillunidentified.6.Whydidn’tthetwoastronautscomebacktoEarthontime?A.Becausetheprojectwentovertheoriginalbudget. B.Becausetheywerebothinserioushealthconditions.C.BecauseitwasdangeroustotaketheStarlinerthen. D.BecauseNasaofficialsfailedtoreachanagreement.7.Whatcanbeimpliedaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A.Thetwoastronautswouldcomebacksoon.B.Officialsconsideredthesituationwithincontrol.C.Nasaofficialswerepessimisticandpressed.D.Themissionwouldbecompletedin3months.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要講述美國(guó)波音公司的載人飛船“星際客機(jī)”搭載兩名美國(guó)宇航員發(fā)射升空，因技術(shù)故障導(dǎo)致宇航員無(wú)法如期返回?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“TheNasaastronautsSuniWilliamsandButchWilmoreshouldhaveflowntheStarlinerbacktoEarthinJune,aweekafterlaunchinginit.utthruster(推進(jìn)器)failuresandhelium(氦氣)leaks…(美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的宇航員SuniWilliams和ButchWilmore本應(yīng)在6月，即發(fā)射一周后，駕駛“星際客機(jī)”返回地球。但是推進(jìn)器故障和氦氣泄漏……)”和下文“Instead,theywillremainattheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)fortherestoftheyearandwillreturninFebruaryaboardtheSpaceXDragonspacecraft.(相反，他們將在今年剩下的時(shí)間里留在國(guó)際空間站(ISS)，并將于2月份乘坐SpaceX的“龍”飛船返回)”可知，因推進(jìn)器故障和氦氣泄漏，宇航員不能按原計(jì)劃返回，只能暫時(shí)待在國(guó)際空間站，故此處指技術(shù)故障阻礙了旅程，marred意為“阻礙”，故選D。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“TheStarlinerfinallyblastedintospaceon5JunefromFlorida’sCapeCanaveralSpaceForceStationafterunsuccessfullauncheson6Mayand1June.Onthefirstlaunchattempt,aproblemwasfoundwithavalve(閥門(mén))onthesecondstage,orupperportion,oftherocket.Onthesecond,acomputertrippedanautomaticholdjustthreeminutesand50secondsfromliftoff.Thatwaslaterattributedtoasinglegroundpowersupplyfaultwithinoneofthelaunchcontrolcomputers.(在5月6日和6月1日兩次發(fā)射失敗后，“星際客機(jī)”終于于6月5日從佛羅里達(dá)州卡納維拉爾角空間站發(fā)射升空。在第一次發(fā)射中，在火箭的第二級(jí)或上部的閥門(mén)上發(fā)現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題。第二次發(fā)射時(shí)，計(jì)算機(jī)在發(fā)射前3分50秒觸發(fā)了一次自動(dòng)保持。這后來(lái)被歸因于一個(gè)發(fā)射控制計(jì)算機(jī)的單一地面電源故障)”可知，波音的載人飛行任務(wù)歷經(jīng)波折，充滿了延期和挫折。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“NasaultimatelydecideditwastooriskytoreturnWilliamsandWilmoreontheStarliner.(美國(guó)宇航局最終決定讓W(xué)illiams和Wilmore乘坐星際客機(jī)返回太冒險(xiǎn)了。)”可知，宇航員沒(méi)有順利返程是因?yàn)橛詈骄肿罱K確定如果宇宙飛船帶他們一起返回太冒險(xiǎn)了，故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“...Nasadeterminedthespacecraftremainedstable(美國(guó)宇航局確定飛船保持穩(wěn)定)”和最后一段中“However,NasaandBoeingofficialsinsistedthattheastronautswerenottrappedandthatthetechnicaldifficultiesdidnotthreatenthemission.(然而，美國(guó)宇航局和波音公司的官員堅(jiān)稱，宇航員沒(méi)有被困，技術(shù)上的困難不會(huì)威脅到任務(wù))”可知，官員認(rèn)為目前情況可控，故選B。CActorAliciaSilverstoneworriedfansonsocialmediarecently.WhileonatriptoEngland,shepostedaTikTokvideoofherselftastingakindofpoisonousberriesshefoundalongasidewalk.Silverstone,whoappearedinthe1995movieClueless,saidshethoughtthefruitwasatomato.Butwhenshebitintoitandfoundthatithadanunusualtaste,sherealizedthatitwasnotthecommonfood.Plantexpert,JessicaDamiano,recentlywroteaboutpoisonousplantsthatlooklikecommonfoodsfortheAssociatedPress.ShesaidthefruitthatlookedlikeatomatoappearstohavebeenaJerusalemcherry.Oftensoldasahouseplant,allpartsoftheJerusalemcherryarepoisonous.TheAmericanSocietyforthePreventionofCrueltytoAnimalssaystheplantisnotonlyharmfultohumansbutalsotodogs,catsandhorses.Eatinglargeamountscanbedeadly.Silverstonewasluckybecauseshedidnotswallowtheberries.Shewasalsoluckybecausetheberrieswerereddishorange,whichmeanttheywereripe.WhileallpartsoftheJerusalemcherryarepoisonous,theplant’sunripeberriescanbeespeciallydangerous.Theycancauseproblemswiththecentralnervousandgastrointestinal(腸胃的)systems.TheJerusalemcherryisnottheonlytoxicplantthatlookslikeasafeone.ThepoisonousCarolinahorsenettlefruitalsolookslikeatomato.Itisalsoknownasdevil’spotatotoaddtotheconfusion.TheVirginiacreeperfruitalsolookslikeblueberries,anditcanbedeadlyifeaten.Wildparsniphasflowerslikeacarrotandleaveslikeparsley(歐芹).Simplytouchingitcancauseaskinproblem.Creepingbuttercuplookslikeflat-leafparsley.Itcancauseseverestomachpain,vomiting(嘔吐)andheartproblems.AndCanadianmoonseedcanbeconfusedwithwildgrape.However,itstasteissobitterthatyouwouldlikelyspititoutbeforeswallowingit.Thisisagoodthingbecauseeatingitcanleadtodeath.Ifyouthinkyouhaveswallowedatoxicplantbymistake,contactapoisoncontrolcenterinyourareaoryourdoctorimmediately.Thereisadditionalinformationonthewebsite.Damianoadvisesusingcommonsensewithplantsyoufindinthewild.Ifyouarenotcompletelysurethatsomethingisfood,donoteatit.8.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Topresenttheauthor’sargument.B.Tointroducethetopicofthearticle.C.Toraisethepublic’sattentionofwildplants.D.Topopularizetheknowledgeofmedicalscience.9.WhywasSilverstonethoughttobefortunate?A.Theberriesshehadabitewereripe.B.Shefoundthefruitsheatewasatomato.C.Shehadagoodknowledgeofwildplants.D.Theamountoftheberriessheconsumedwaslarge.10.Accordingtothedescription,whatplantscanbemostharmfultopeople?A.Carolinahorsenettleandwildparsnip.B.Virginiacreeperandcreepingbuttercup.C.WildparsnipandCanadianmoonseed.D.CanadianmoonseedandVirginiacreeper.11.Whatmaybethesuitablemeasureifsomeonemistakenlyswallowsapoisonousplant?A.Spittingitoutasquicklyaspossible.B.Makinganappointmentwiththeirdoctor.C.Gettingintouchwiththelocalauthorityinstantly.D.SearchingfortherelevantinformationontheInternet.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了誤食有毒植物的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及可能混淆的植物?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ActorAliciaSilverstoneworriedfansonsocialmediarecently.WhileonatriptoEngland,shepostedaTikTokvideoofherselftastingakindofpoisonousberriesshefoundalongasidewalk.Silverstone,whoappearedinthe1995movieClueless,saidshethoughtthefruitwasatomato.Butwhenshebitintoitandfoundthatithadanunusualtaste,sherealizedthatitwasnotthecommonfood.(演員艾麗西亞·西爾弗斯通最近在社交媒體上讓粉絲們感到擔(dān)憂。在英國(guó)旅行期間，她發(fā)布了一段TikTok視頻，視頻中她品嘗了在人行道上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種有毒漿果。Silverstone曾出演1995年的電影《獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷》，她說(shuō)她認(rèn)為這種水果是番茄。但當(dāng)她咬了一口，發(fā)現(xiàn)它有一種不同尋常的味道時(shí)，她意識(shí)到這不是普通的食物)”以及第二段“Plantexpert,JessicaDamiano,recentlywroteaboutpoisonousplantsthatlooklikecommonfoodsfortheAssociatedPress.ShesaidthefruitthatlookedlikeatomatoappearstohavebeenaJerusalemcherry.(植物專家JessicaDamiano最近為美聯(lián)社寫(xiě)了一篇關(guān)于看起來(lái)像普通食物的有毒植物的文章。她說(shuō)，看起來(lái)像番茄的水果似乎是耶路撒冷櫻桃)”可推知，第一段介紹了Silverstone與毒莓的事件，旨在引入文章主題，即談?wù)撚卸局参锱c看似無(wú)害植物的相似性。故選B。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Silverstonewasluckybecauseshedidnotswallowtheberries.Shewasalsoluckybecausetheberrieswerereddishorange,whichmeanttheywereripe.WhileallpartsoftheJerusalemcherryarepoisonous,theplant’sunripeberriescanbeespeciallydangerous.(Silverstone很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)樗龥](méi)有吞下那些漿果。她也很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)槟切{果是紅橙色的，這意味著它們已經(jīng)成熟了。雖然夾竹桃的所有部分都有毒，但這種植物的未成熟漿果尤其危險(xiǎn))”可知，Silverstone幸運(yùn)是因?yàn)闈{果已經(jīng)成熟，所以毒性就變小了。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“ThepoisonousCarolinahorsenettlefruitalsolookslikeatomato.Itisalsoknownasdevil’spotatotoaddtotheconfusion.TheVirginiacreeperfruitalsolookslikeblueberries,anditcanbedeadlyifeaten.Wildparsniphasflowerslikeacarrotandleaveslikeparsley(歐芹).Simplytouchingitcancauseaskinproblem.Creepingbuttercuplookslikeflat-leafparsley.Itcancauseseverestomachpain,vomiting(嘔吐)andheartproblems.AndCanadianmoonseedcanbeconfusedwithwildgrape.However,itstasteissobitterthatyouwouldlikelyspititoutbeforeswallowingit.Thisisagoodthingbecauseeatingitcanleadtodeath.(有毒的卡羅萊納馬鈴薯茄果實(shí)看起來(lái)像番茄。它也被稱作魔鬼土豆，增加了辨認(rèn)的難度。弗吉尼亞爬山虎的果實(shí)看起來(lái)像藍(lán)莓，如果食用的話可能是致命的。野生歐防風(fēng)有像胡蘿卜的花和像歐芹的葉子。僅僅是接觸它就會(huì)引起皮膚問(wèn)題。匍匐黃水仙看起來(lái)像扁葉歐芹。它會(huì)引起劇烈的胃痛、嘔吐和心臟問(wèn)題。加拿大月籽藤容易被誤認(rèn)為是野生葡萄。然而，它的味道非常苦，你會(huì)在吞咽之前把它吐出來(lái)。這是件好事，因?yàn)槭秤盟鼤?huì)導(dǎo)致死亡)”可知，弗吉尼亞爬山虎和加拿大月籽藤都有可能致命。由此可推知，這兩種植物會(huì)對(duì)人類造成最大的傷害。故選D?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ifyouthinkyouhaveswallowedatoxicplantbymistake,contactapoisoncontrolcenterinyourareaoryourdoctorimmediately.Thereisadditionalinformationonthewebsite(如果你認(rèn)為自己誤吞了有毒植物，請(qǐng)立即聯(lián)系你所在地區(qū)的毒物控制中心或醫(yī)生。網(wǎng)站上有更多信息)”可知，如果有人誤吞有毒植物，最適合的措施是立即聯(lián)系當(dāng)?shù)貦?quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)。故選C。DSuperhumanartificialintelligencehasplayedaroleinourlife.Whenitcomestoplayinggameslikechess,orsolvingdifficultscientificchallengeslikepredictingproteinstructures,computersarewellaheadofhumans.Butwehaveonesuperpowertheyaren’tclosetomastering:mindreading.Weareblessedwithamysteriousabilitytoreasonthegoals,desiresandbeliefsofothers,acrucialskillthatmeanswecananticipateotherpeople’sactionsandtheconsequencesofourown.IfAIsaretobecometrulyusefulineverydaylife—tocooperateeffectivelywithusortounderstandthatachildmightrunintotheroadafterabouncingball—wehavetogivethemthisgiftthatevolutionhasgivenustoreadotherpeople'sminds.Inpsychology,theabilitytoinferanother’smentalstateisreferredtoastheoryofmind.Inhumans,thiscapacitydevelopsataveryyoungage.Howtoreproducethecapabilityinmachinesisfarfromclear,though.Oneofthemainchallengesiscontext.Forinstance,ifsomeoneaskswhetheryouaregoingforarunandyoureply“it’sraining”,theycanquicklyconcludetheanswerisno.Butthisrequireshugeamountsofbackgroundknowledgeaboutrunning,weatherandhumanpreferences.Besides,whetherhumansorAI,thetheoryofmindissupposedtoemergenaturallyfromone’sownlearningprocess.BuildingpriorknowledgeintoAImakesitreliantonourimperfectunderstandingoftheoryofmind.Inaddition,AImaybecapableofdevelopingapproacheswecouldneverimagine.Therecanbemanyformsoftheoryofmindthatwedon’tknowaboutsimplybecauseweliveinahumanbodythathascertaintypesofsensesandacertainabilitytothink.ButwemightstillwantAItohaveamorehuman-likeformoftheoryofmind.Humanscanclearlyexplaintheirgoalstoeachotherusingcommonlanguageandideas.WhilelettingAIformthetheoryofmindintheirlearningprocessislikelytoleadtodevelopingmorepowerfulAI,plainlybuildinginsharedwaystorepresentknowledgemaybecrucialforhumanstotrustandcommunicatewithAI.Itisimportanttoremember,though,thatthepursuitofmachineswiththeoryofmindisaboutmorethanjustbuildingmoreusefulrobots.ItisalsoasteppingstoneonthepathtowardsadeepergoalforAIandroboticsresearch:buildingtrulyself-awaremachines.Whetherwewillevergetthereremainstobeseen.Butalongthewaythinkingaboutotherpeopleandotheragents,weareonthepathtolearningtothinkaboutourselves.12.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcontextscanAIunderstandwell?A.Whenaskedwhereanobjectis,anaughtykidpointsinthewrongdirection.B.Whenateacherasksforaboy’shomework,heanswers“mydogateit”.C.Whenyouaretreatedwithahotpotfordinner,youreply“asorethroat”.D.Whenamomtellsherkidmilkisgoodforhealth,thekiddrinksitup.13.Whichstatementwilltheauthoragreewithmostabouttheoryofmind?A.Humans’theoryofmindisfarfromperfect.B.HumanslimitAI’stheoryofmindtoanextent.C.AI’stheoryofminddevelopmenthasbeentotallydecoded.D.SharedformsoftheoryofmindresultinmorepowerfulAI.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtrulyself-awaremachines?A.Ambiguous B.Conservative.C.Skeptical. D.Approving.15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AI’sTheoryofMindWillDefineOurFutureB.AIwithItsOwnTheoryofMindIsExpectedC.AI’sTheoryofMind—aBlessingorSufferingtoHumansD.TheoryofMindBridgestheGapBetweenHumansandAI【答案】12.D13.B14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了AI在心智理論發(fā)展中的挑戰(zhàn)及其對(duì)人類溝通信任的影響?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Weareblessedwithamysteriousabilitytoreasonthegoals,desiresandbeliefsofothers,acrucialskillthatmeanswecananticipateotherpeople’sactionsandtheconsequencesofourown.IfAIsaretobecometrulyusefulineverydaylife—tocooperateeffectivelywithusortounderstandthatachildmightrunintotheroadafterabouncingball—wehavetogivethemthisgiftthatevolutionhasgivenustoreadotherpeople’sminds.(我們擁有著一種神秘的能力，可以推理出他人的目標(biāo)、欲望和信念，這是一種至關(guān)重要的技能，使我們能夠預(yù)判他人的行動(dòng)以及我們自身行為的后果。如果要讓人工智能在日常生活中真正發(fā)揮作用——與我們有效協(xié)作，或是理解孩子可能會(huì)因?yàn)樽芬粋€(gè)彈跳的球而跑到馬路上——我們必須賦予它們這種通過(guò)進(jìn)化賜予我們的、解讀他人想法的能力)”可知，AI不具備人類推理出他人的目標(biāo)、欲望和信念的能力。由此可推知，“當(dāng)媽媽告訴孩子牛奶對(duì)健康有益時(shí)，孩子就把它喝光了”不涉及推理，AI可以輕松理解。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“BuildingpriorknowledgeintoAImakesitreliantonourimperfectunderstandingoftheoryofmind.Inaddition,AImaybecapableofdevelopingapproacheswecouldneverimagine.Therecanbemanyformsoftheoryofmindthatwedon’tknowaboutsimplybecauseweliveinahumanbodythathascertaintypesofsensesandacertainabilitytothink.(將先驗(yàn)知識(shí)植入人工智能會(huì)使它依賴于我們對(duì)心智理論這種不完美的理解。此外，人工智能或許能夠發(fā)展出我們完全無(wú)法想象的方法?？赡艽嬖谠S多形式的心智理論，而我們之所以不了解它們，僅僅是因?yàn)槲覀兩鵀槿?，具有特定類型的感官和特定的思考能?”可知，人類在一定程度上限制了AI的思維理論，作者最有可能同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“ButwemightstillwantAItohaveamorehuman-likeformoftheoryofmind.(但我們可能仍然希望人工智能有一種更像人類的心理理論形式)”以及最后一段的“ItisalsoasteppingstoneonthepathtowardsadeepergoalforAIandroboticsresearch:buildingtrulyself-awaremachines.Whetherwewillevergetthereremainstobeseen.Butalongthewaythinkingaboutotherpeopleandotheragents,weareonthepathtolearningtothinkaboutourselves.(這也是通往人工智能和機(jī)器人研究更深目標(biāo)的墊腳石：建造真正具備自我意識(shí)的機(jī)器。我們是否能夠最終達(dá)到這一目標(biāo)還有待觀察。但在這一過(guò)程中，通過(guò)思考其他人和其他主體，我們正走在學(xué)會(huì)反思自我的道路上)”可推知，作者支持開(kāi)發(fā)具有心智理論的AI，期待建造真正有自我意識(shí)的機(jī)器。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Superhumanartificialintelligencehasplayedaroleinourlife.Whenitcomestoplayinggameslikechess,orsolvingdifficultscientificchallengeslikepredictingproteinstructures,computersarewellaheadofhumans.Butwehaveonesuperpowertheyaren'tclosetomastering:mindreading.(超人級(jí)別的人工智能已經(jīng)在我們的生活中發(fā)揮了作用。無(wú)論是下棋游戲，還是解決像預(yù)測(cè)蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)這樣復(fù)雜的科學(xué)挑戰(zhàn)，計(jì)算機(jī)的表現(xiàn)都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了人類。但我們擁有一種它們尚未接近掌握的超能力：讀心術(shù))”以及最后一段的“ItisalsoasteppingstoneonthepathtowardsadeepergoalforAIandroboticsresearch:buildingtrulyself-awaremachines.Whetherwewillevergetthereremainstobeseen.Butalongthewaythinkingaboutotherpeopleandotheragents,weareonthepathtolearningtothinkaboutourselves.(這也是通往人工智能和機(jī)器人研究更深目標(biāo)的墊腳石：建造真正具備自我意識(shí)的機(jī)器。我們是否能夠最終達(dá)到這一目標(biāo)還有待觀察。但在這一過(guò)程中，通過(guò)思考其他人和其他主體，我們正走在學(xué)會(huì)反思自我的道路上)可知，文章主要探討了超人人工智能雖在特定任務(wù)上超越人類，但在“讀心術(shù)”（理解他人意圖）方面仍顯不足，強(qiáng)調(diào)了為AI賦予類似人類的“心智理論”能力的重要性及其挑戰(zhàn)。所以“人工智能有望擁有自己的心智理論”適合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ensuringthatyourhomeisasenergy-efficientasitcanpossiblybeisessential.Takethestepslistedbelow,andyou'llbelivinginanenergy-efficienthomeinnotime.____16____Tostopitinitstracks,youmustinvestinhavingyourhouseinsulated(隔熱).Takingsuchactionmaydemandsomecostinadvance,butitwillbesuretosaveyouoverf100ayearwhenitcomestoyourenergybills.Theoldboilers(鍋爐)arenotasenergy-efficientastheverylatestmodelsinthisfield.____17____Byinvestinginatopofthelineboiler,you'llnodoubttapintoanumberofsavings.What'smore,makingthiskindofinvestmentwillalsobesuretoloweryourhome'scarbonemissions.Onlywhenyouknowhowmuchenergyyouusecanyoutakeactiontobelesswastefulandmoreresourcefulinthisinstance.____18____Toassistyouintakingonthisextremelyimportantchallengeyoumightwanttoconsiderfittinganenergymonitorinyourhome.____19____Butifyou'relucky,yourelectricityproviderwillgiveyouoneforfree.Thismonitorwillprovideyouandyourfamilywithconstantupdatesontheamountofenergyyouareusingonaday-to-daybasis.Withjustafewyearstogountilclimatechangealtersearthforever,nowisthetimeforyoutoplayyourpartinprotectingtheplanetthatyoulivein.____20____A.Generally,thistypeofdevicewillcostbetweenf25andf40.B.Itmeansyoushouldtrytokeeptrackofenergyconsumption.C.Theinvestmentdemandedinthiscaseisofgreatsignificance.D.Byputtingtheaboveadviceintopractice,you'llbegreensoon.E.Takingsuchactionwillhelpyouadjusttoclimatechangebetter.F.Mostofyourhome'swastedenergywillescapethroughyourroof.G.Itmightbehightimetoupdateyoursifyouhaven'tdonesoforyears【答案】16.F17.G18.B19.A20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講怎樣讓家變得更加節(jié)能?！?6題詳解】由下文“Tostopitinitstracks,youmustinvestinhavingyourhouseinsulated(隔熱的).(為了在它的路徑上阻止它，你必須投資讓房子隔熱)”可知，這里指需要阻止房?jī)?nèi)熱量外流。F項(xiàng)Mostofyourhome’swastedenergywillescapethroughyourroof.(你家里浪費(fèi)的大部分能源都會(huì)從屋頂逃逸出去)符合語(yǔ)境，下文it指代選項(xiàng)中的wastedenergy。故選F項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】由上文“Theoldboilers(鍋爐)arenotasenergy-efficientastheverylatestmodelsinthisfield.(在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，舊鍋爐的能效不如最新型號(hào))”可知，舊鍋爐更耗能，G項(xiàng)Itmightbehightimetoupdateyoursifyouhaven’tdonesoforyears.(如果你已經(jīng)多年沒(méi)有更新自己的鍋爐，現(xiàn)在可能是時(shí)候了)符合語(yǔ)境，其中foryears與上文old對(duì)應(yīng)，yours代指前文Theoldboilers，所以本句有承上作用。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】由上文“Onlywhenyouknowhowmuchenergyyouusecanyoutakeactiontobelesswastefulandmoreresourcefulinthisinstance.(只有當(dāng)你知道自己消耗了多少能量時(shí)，你才能采取行動(dòng)，減少浪費(fèi)，在這種情況下更加隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的。)”可知，這里講要了解自己用了多少能量。B項(xiàng)Itmeansyoushouldtrytokeeptrackofenergyconsumption.(這意味著你應(yīng)該努力跟蹤能源消耗情況)符合語(yǔ)境，其中keeptrackofenergyconsumption與上文knowhowmuchenergyyouuse對(duì)應(yīng)。有承上作用。故選B項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】由下文“Butifyou’relucky,yourelectricityproviderwillgiveyouoneforfree.Thismonitorwillprovideyouandyourfamilywithconstantupdatesontheamountofenergyyouareusingonaday-to-daybasis.(但如果你幸運(yùn)的話，你的電力供應(yīng)商會(huì)免費(fèi)給你一臺(tái)。這款監(jiān)控器將為你和你的家人提供日常能源消耗量的持續(xù)更新)”推知，空處指出監(jiān)控的價(jià)格不是特別便宜，但如果運(yùn)氣好的話，電力供應(yīng)商會(huì)免費(fèi)提供。A項(xiàng)Generally,thistypeofdevicewillcostbetween￡25and￡40.(一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這種設(shè)備的價(jià)格在25到40英鎊之間)符合語(yǔ)境，其中￡25and￡40與下文forfree對(duì)應(yīng)，都在講花費(fèi)在這設(shè)備上錢的問(wèn)題，所以本句有啟下作用。故選A項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】由上文“Withjusttwelveyears(nowsevenyears)togountilclimatechangealtersearthforever,nowisthetimeforyoutoplayyourpartinprotectingtheplanetthatyoulivein.(離氣候變化永遠(yuǎn)改變地球只有12年(現(xiàn)在是7年)了，現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候讓你為保護(hù)你所居住的星球發(fā)揮你的作用了)”可知，作者號(hào)召讀者保護(hù)地球，D項(xiàng)Byputtingtheaboveadviceintopractice,you’llbegreensoon.(把以上建議付諸實(shí)踐，你很快就會(huì)變得更環(huán)保)符合語(yǔ)境，其中theaboveadvice指上面的建議，對(duì)上文有總結(jié)作用。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Notlongintomycareerinjournalism,IrealizedIwasinneedofsomeslow,____21____adventure.Thekindoffunthatrequiredlittleplanning,zerostressandalotoftime.Thekindoftimeyouoftendidn'tgetina____22____.Andthat'swhenI____23____asecret.Washington,D.C.,thecitywhereIlive,isfullofhiddenfossils.Inmyoverstimulatedlife,Ibeganto____24____fossils.Manyofthelocalsitesarewithin80milessouthofthecapitalalongthePotomacRiver,sofossilhunting____25____removesmefromthecity.Itisavisualgame,requiring____26____andfocus.Spottingrecognizableshapesinthewildislikethinkingoverabroken____27____inthesediment(沉積物).Isitatooth,aboneorashell?I'mlookingforthe____28____endpieces.Thankfully,my____29____phoneserviceintheseplacesholdsbacktherestoftheworldwhileI'mfindinganotherone.AndIknowthefossilsaren'tdemandingmy_______30_______attentionbecausetheyhavenothingbuttime.Once,Itookabottle-cap-sizedtrilobite(三葉蟲(chóng))fossilintothenewsroomandplaceditwithinmysight.ItwassomethingIwantedto_______31_______throughouttheday.Turningoverthatpieceofrockisawayto_______32_______meoutsideforamomentandtoatimebeforehumansarrivedand_______33_______citiesontopofthoselands.Thinkingaboutgeologicaltimemakesmefeelbriefandremarkable,likethelittletrilobite.Myworriedmind_________34_________.Irealizealotofstressfuldetailsdon'tmatter.My_______35_______shifts.MaybeIdon'tneedtotakethatphonecallrightthisminute.21.A.dangerous B.low-risk C.historical D.romantic22.A.house B.car C.newsroom D.school23.A.revealed B.hid C.guarded D.discovered24.A.seek B.search C.purchase D.modify25.A.gradually B.physically C.eventually D.typically26.A.patience B.strength C.training D.courage27.A.dream B.image C.resource D.puzzle28.A.obvious B.expensive C.rare D.impressive29.A.precious B.conventional C.poor D.clear30.A.scholarly B.public C.extra D.immediate31.A.avoid B.notice C.introduce D.display32.A.touch B.hold C.seize D.transport33.A.built B.explored C.conquered D.found34.A.takesoff B.settlesdown C.goesblank D.runsout35.A.standpoint B.question C.standard D.task【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.A27.D28.C29.C30.D31.B32.D33.A34.B35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述作者尋找化石時(shí)發(fā)生的事情以及作者的心理變化?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在我的新聞職業(yè)生涯開(kāi)始不久，我意識(shí)到我需要一些緩慢、低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的冒險(xiǎn)。A.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；B.low-risk低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的；C.historical歷史的；D.romantic浪漫的。根據(jù)上文中的“

slow”，可知，探尋化石之旅重要的是讓作者的內(nèi)心得到平靜，所以需要低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的冒險(xiǎn)。故選B。22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那種你經(jīng)常不在新聞編輯