TCAAA 105-2023“和×荷”F1生產(chǎn)雪花牛肉飼養(yǎng)技術(shù)規(guī)范

ICS65.020.30T/CAAA105—20232023-10-10發(fā)布2023-11中國畜牧業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)發(fā)布T/CAAA105—2023本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)定請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專利的責(zé)任。本文件由中國畜牧業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)提出并歸口。本文件起草單位：北京九州大地生物技術(shù)集團(tuán)股份有限公司、草原和牛投資有限公司、內(nèi)蒙古元牛繁育科技有限公司、內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)農(nóng)牧業(yè)科學(xué)院、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部食物與營養(yǎng)發(fā)展研究所、貴州現(xiàn)代生物科貴州省中潤肉牛投資經(jīng)營管理有限公司、山東和牛在行企業(yè)管理有限公司、大廠回族自治縣順澤肉類有——1T/CAAA105—2023"和×荷"F?生產(chǎn)雪花牛肉飼養(yǎng)技術(shù)規(guī)范本文件規(guī)定了“和×荷”F?牛場(chǎng)建設(shè)、飼料投入品、飼養(yǎng)管理、衛(wèi)生防疫和廢棄物處理的要求。本文件適用于“和×荷”F?生產(chǎn)雪花牛肉。2規(guī)范性引用文件僅該日期對(duì)應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。GB/T36195畜禽糞便無害化處理技術(shù)規(guī)范NY/T388畜禽場(chǎng)環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)NY/T471綠色食品飼料及飼料添加劑使用準(zhǔn)則NY/T473綠色食品畜禽衛(wèi)生防疫準(zhǔn)則NY/T682畜禽場(chǎng)場(chǎng)區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)規(guī)范NY5027無公害食品畜禽飲用水水質(zhì)NY/T5030無公害農(nóng)產(chǎn)品獸藥使用準(zhǔn)則NY5126無公害食品肉牛飼養(yǎng)獸醫(yī)防疫準(zhǔn)則3術(shù)語和定義下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。由純種和牛(父本)與荷斯坦牛(母本)雜交后生產(chǎn)的第一代牛。犢牛calf初生至6月齡的小牛。6月齡至9月齡，體重250kg～300kg的牛。9月齡開始肥育至28月齡以上且不大于30月齡出欄的牛。3.5肥育牛散養(yǎng)在小圍欄內(nèi)，采用自由采食、自由飲水、自由運(yùn)動(dòng)方式進(jìn)行的肥育技術(shù)。雪花牛肉highmarbledbeef牛肉的肌纖維內(nèi)均勻分布著白色脂肪，狀似雪花的牛肉。4牛場(chǎng)建設(shè)4.1設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)符合NY/T682的要求。4.2環(huán)境應(yīng)符合NY/T388的要求。5飼養(yǎng)投入品2T/CAAA105—20235.1飼料與添加劑品質(zhì)應(yīng)符合NY/T471的要求。5.2飲水水質(zhì)應(yīng)符合NY5027的要求。5.3疫苗應(yīng)符合NY5126的要求。5.4獸藥應(yīng)符合NY/T5030的要求。6飼養(yǎng)管理6.1犢牛6.1.1犢牛信息記錄犢牛信息記錄見表1。表1犢牛信息記錄表耳號(hào)性別出生體重出生日期毛色母牛號(hào)公牛號(hào)出生情況正常死胎畸形6.1.2營養(yǎng)需要6.1.3飼喂方案見附錄B的表B.1和表B.2。6.1.4去角采用藥物或去角器去角。出生后7日齡～20日齡進(jìn)行。6.1.5去勢(shì)公犢牛在5個(gè)月齡內(nèi)去勢(shì)。6.1.6體重監(jiān)測(cè)見附錄C。6.1.7分群2個(gè)月齡前，單獨(dú)飼養(yǎng)。2月齡后，根據(jù)出生時(shí)間、體重、體況分群飼養(yǎng)。6.2架子牛6.2.1分群從6月齡犢牛群中挑選體重、月齡達(dá)標(biāo)的健康牛，按性別(母牛、閹牛)分群，散欄飼養(yǎng)。6.2.2飼養(yǎng)密度3T/CAAA105—2023每頭不小于4m2。6.2.3營養(yǎng)需要6.2.4飼喂方案6.2.5體重監(jiān)測(cè)6.3肥育牛6.3.1分群6.3.2肥育期劃分6.3.2.1肥育前期：9月齡～13月齡。6.3.2.2肥育中期：14月齡～20月齡。6.3.2.3肥育后期：21月齡～出欄。6.3.3飼養(yǎng)密度各階段肥育牛的飼養(yǎng)密度見表2。表2肥育牛體重與對(duì)應(yīng)飼養(yǎng)密度體重飼養(yǎng)密度m2/頭250～3505.5～6.5351～4506.5～7.0451～5507.0～8.08.0～10.06.3.4飼喂通道采取過道式飼喂。過道寬度以送料車通過為宜，每頭牛料槽空間45cm～65cm。6.3.5飲水槽按8～10頭牛設(shè)置1個(gè)飲水槽，應(yīng)滿足自由飲水的要求。6.3.6牛體刷按8～10頭牛安裝1個(gè)全自動(dòng)牛體刷。6.3.7營養(yǎng)需要見附錄A的表A.3、表A.4和表A.5。6.3.8飼喂方案6.3.8.1全混合日糧飼喂，自由采食、飲水。6.3.8.2肥育后期通過降低日糧維生素A供給量或間歇飼喂方式控制維生素A供給量。6.3.8.3飼喂高精料時(shí)添加小蘇打、復(fù)合益生菌制劑、生物發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)物、中藥提取物等。具體飼喂方案見附錄B的表B.4。47.3.1驅(qū)蟲每年驅(qū)蟲2次，3月份～4月份第1次驅(qū)蟲，10月份～12月份第2次驅(qū)蟲。7.3.2保健7.4消毒8廢棄物處理5(資料性)“和×荷”F?肉牛營養(yǎng)需要量“和×荷”F?犢牛每日營養(yǎng)需要量見表A.1。體重日增重干物質(zhì)采食量粗蛋白質(zhì)總可消化養(yǎng)分代謝能鈣磷維生素Akg/dkg/dkg/dMcal/d0.630.722.9050.730.8270.770.8360.900.9774.47984176.012.024976.752.146.3894.72.414454.72.682.178.114.72.952.408.972.654322.002.982.268.392.528.362.792.368.562.649.564.082.904.304.432.328.394.752.619.442.894.662.954.986T/CAAA105—2023體重日增重干物質(zhì)采食量粗蛋白質(zhì)總可消化養(yǎng)分代謝能鈣磷維生素Akg/dkg/d%%Mcal/kg%%1000IU/kg0.6320.54.600.790.7323.64.552.050.960.7720.04.340.780.9023.34.340.7825.84.340.8721.00.5023.00.552.0224.60.592.142.980.890.422.410.462.680.492.9520.60.472.652.800.750.382.982.820.840.402.530.910.392.840.990.412.400.620.312.480.700.314.082.570.810.344.302.650.880.374.430.500.254.750.570.272.090.640.282.200.730.314.662.300.470.244.982.400.540.262.500.630.292.580.690.297T/CAAA105—2023體重日增重干物質(zhì)采食量粗蛋白g/d代謝蛋白賴氨酸蛋氨酸總可消化養(yǎng)分代謝能Mcal/d增重凈能Mcal/dg/d維生素A98T/CAAA105—2023表A.3“和×荷”F?架子牛和肥育牛的每日營養(yǎng)需要量(續(xù))體重日增重kg/d干物質(zhì)采食量(DMI) kg/d粗蛋白代謝蛋白賴氨酸蛋氨酸總可消化養(yǎng)分kg/d代謝能 Mcal/d增重凈能Mcal/dg/d維生素A0.608.856.6323.9927.68.0028.9727.645.99.2633.5327.648.89.8535.6727.60.609.186.9725.2329.70.809.9127.8929.78.4130.4329.742.09.0832.8629.70.609.4926.450.808.0729.218.8031.8541.09.4934.370.408.9329.86.8024.630.609.7827.620.808.4230.489.1833.22體重日增重kg/d干物質(zhì)采食量(DMI)kg/d粗蛋白代謝蛋白賴氨酸蛋氨酸總可消化養(yǎng)分(TDN)kg/d代謝能 Mcal/d增重凈能Mcal/dg/d維生素A0.400.520.162.300.850.420.232.130.804.820.620.202.410.940.570.270.710.222.530.700.336.040.790.252.640.810.360.404.600.490.152.340.880.390.222.300.800.580.182.450.970.500.256.330.660.212.570.600.286.960.730.232.680.690.320.600.520.162.440.950.410.232.226.680.590.182.550.490.250.660.212.670.560.278.070.720.222.790.640.309T/CAAA105—2023體重 日增重kg/d干物質(zhì)采食量kg/d粗蛋白代謝蛋白賴氨酸蛋氨酸總可消化養(yǎng)分(TDN) kg/d代謝能 Mcal/d增重凈能Mcal/dg/d維生素A0.606.290.500.162.480.980.380.222.360.560.182.590.440.232.038.160.620.192.710.510.268.830.680.212.830.560.274000.606.810.470.152.510.360.212.490.520.162.630.410.232.148.800.570.182.750.460.249.520.620.192.880.510.254500.600.440.142.550.320.212.628.450.490.152.680.380.212.269.390.530.172.800.420.222.030.570.182.920.460.240.600.420.132.590.330.212.758.940.460.142.720.360.212.379.930.490.152.840.390.212.130.530.162.960.420.220.608.130.400.132.630.320.252.879.400.430.142.760.340.222.480.460.142.880.370.212.240.470.152.950.380.212.150.608.500.390.122.670.310.252.999.820.410.132.800.330.222.590.430.132.930.110.340.212.340.440.142.990.350.212.250.608.850.370.122.710.310.250.390.122.840.310.232.700.410.132.970.320.212.440.410.130.330.212.340.609.180.360.112.750.300.250.809.910.360.112.810.300.242.990.370.122.880.300.242.810.380.122.950.300.232.660.609.490.350.112.790.300.250.800.350.112.850.290.240.350.112.920.290.242.920.360.112.990.290.232.760.408.930.330.102.760.310.280.609.780.330.102.830.290.270.800.330.102.890.290.260.340.112.960.280.25T/CAAA105—2023日糧粗料比%DM中性洗滌纖維%DM有效中性洗滌纖維%DM酸性洗滌纖維%DM淀粉%DM非纖維性碳水化合物%DM47～5547～52T/CAAA105—2023生后日齡d初乳L/d代乳粉開口料優(yōu)質(zhì)干草自由采食8h～12h0h～24h4～604～13— 40043～49注1:代乳粉溫度：夏季37℃±0.5℃,冬季38℃±0.5℃。注2:“—”無數(shù)據(jù)。月齡M公犢牛kg/d母犢牛kg/d苜蓿羊草犢牛料苜蓿羊草3456注：“—”無數(shù)據(jù)。月齡M公牛kg/d母牛kg/d架子牛料羊草青貯架子牛料羊草青貯789T/CAAA105—2023肥育期月齡/M9精補(bǔ)料kg/d4.04.5粗料kg/d青貯4.04.0————————————————————干草————————————稻草合計(jì)總計(jì)kg/d注：“—”無數(shù)據(jù)。T/CAAA105—2023(資料性)“和×荷”F?犢牛和架子牛的體重“和×荷”F?犢牛和架子牛的體重見表C.1。表C.1“和×荷”F?犢牛和架子牛的體重日齡d公牛母牛平均下限上限平均下限上限040.046.328.442.6744.147.048.843.446.866.740.961.468.461.749.