2020年高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)備戰(zhàn)202104-名詞和冠詞-專題訓(xùn)練

備戰(zhàn)2021高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題訓(xùn)練04名詞和冠詞一、單項選擇1.〔2021·泰州模擬〕Thepunishmentacriminaldeservesshouldbeinproportiontothe________oftheoffence.A.

gravity

B.

division

C.

analysis

D.

composition【答案】A【解析】句意：罪犯應(yīng)該受到的懲罰應(yīng)該與罪行的嚴重程度成比例。A：gravity“重力，嚴重性〞；B：division“分開，分配〞；C：analysis“分析〞；D：composition

“作文，組成〞。應(yīng)選A?！军c評】考查名詞辨析，區(qū)分gravity；division；nalysis和composition的含義。2.〔2021·如皋模擬〕Iagreewithwhatyousayin______,butdifferonpointsofdetail.A.

appearance

B.

conscience

C.

existence

D.

substance【答案】D【解析】句意：本質(zhì)上我同意你所說的話，但在細節(jié)上，我和你還是有些分歧。A：appearance“外貌，出現(xiàn)〞；B：conscience“良心〞；C：existence“存在〞；D：substance

“實質(zhì)，本質(zhì)〞。insubstance固定短語，“實質(zhì)上，根本上，事實上〞。應(yīng)選D?！军c評】考查名詞辨析，區(qū)分

appearance；

conscience；

existence和

substance的含義以及固定短語insubstance。3.〔2021·海安模擬〕Therehavebeenwidelydiffering________inthenewspapersabouttheexplosionofthechemicalworks.A.

revisions

B.

versions

C.

dimensions

D.

editions【答案】B【解析】句意：關(guān)于化工廠爆炸的報道，報紙上有許多不同的版本。A：revisions“校訂，復(fù)習(xí)〞；B：versions“版本〞；C：dimensions“規(guī)模，大小〞；D：editions“刊本〞。應(yīng)選B?！军c評】考查名詞辨析，區(qū)分

revision；

version；

dimension和

edition的含義。4.〔2021·江蘇〕Thehealthsecuritysystemsofmanycountriesareundergoingconsiderable______.A.

reservation

B.

transformation

C.

distinction

D.

submission【答案】B【解析】句意：許多國家的衛(wèi)生平安系統(tǒng)正在經(jīng)歷重大變革。A.reservation“預(yù)訂〞；B.transformation“改革，變革〞；C.distinction“區(qū)別〞；D.submission“提交〞。根據(jù)Thehealthsecuritysystems可知，此處指“衛(wèi)生平安系統(tǒng)的變革〞。應(yīng)選B?！军c評】考查名詞詞義辨析，區(qū)分

reservation；

transformation；

distinction和

submission的含義。5.〔2021高一下·大慶期中〕Allbadthingsmustcometo________end,________terribleanexperienceis.A.

the;whatever

B.

an;however

C.

/;how

D.

a;what【答案】B【解析】句意：所有的壞事都會結(jié)束，無論經(jīng)歷多么可怕。cometoanend固定短語，“結(jié)束〞；第二空引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，根據(jù)空后的形容詞terrible，可知用however，應(yīng)選B?！军c評】考查冠詞和狀語從句，此題涉及however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句以及固定短語cometoanend。二、單句填空1.(2021·廣東深圳中學(xué)月考)Withoutthepropertreatment,minor(injury)orburnscouldleadtomoresufferingandevenlossoflives.

【答案與解析】injuriesinjury為可數(shù)名詞,且形容詞minor前沒有不定冠詞,故用injury的復(fù)數(shù)形式injuries。2.(2021·山東青島模擬)TheywerethekindthatIdidnothaveinmy(collect)soIplacedthemcarefullyinmybag.

【答案與解析】collection形容詞性物主代詞后接名詞,故填collection。3.(2021·重慶永川診斷)Threemonthslater,Tomwasabletocommunicatehappilywithallhisclassmatesaboutregularthingslikehomeworkand(game).

【答案與解析】gamesgame為可數(shù)名詞,在本句中表示泛指,故用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。4.(2021·合肥一中質(zhì)量檢測)Forsustainabledevelopment,thegovernmenthasdecidedtogive(prefer)tothoseenergy-conservingandenvironment-friendlybusinessesinmanyaspects.

【答案與解析】preferencegivepreferenceto...“給……以優(yōu)惠〞,為固定搭配。5.(2021·江西紅色七校聯(lián)考)Asheapproachedthebridge,thesoundgotlouderandthenhesawpitifulsight.

【答案與解析】a設(shè)空處后的名詞sight作“景象;情景〞講時,為可數(shù)名詞,在本句中表泛指,故與不定冠詞連用。6.(2021·山東師大附中月考)Recentlywhenhetooklookathiscollectionofbooks,hediscoveredtheoldbookborrowed61yearsago.

【答案與解析】atakealookat為固定短語,意為“看一看〞。7.(2021·海南中學(xué)月考)Butaparentofanotherchildcameupwithevenbetteridea—gettingthewholeclasstolearnsignlanguagealongwithJohn.

【答案與解析】anidea為可數(shù)名詞,在句中表泛指,且even以元音音素開頭,故填an。8.(2021·蕪湖、馬鞍山質(zhì)檢)Mostseriously,relyingonsmartphonestomakefriendsdoesnotgiveussameadvantageasmakingnewfriendsintherealworld.

【答案與解析】the此處為固定搭配,thesame...as...意為“與……一樣的……〞。9.(2021·江西師大附中、鷹潭一中聯(lián)考)Foryourgenerationtoliveinbetterworld,thereissomuchmoreourgenerationcando.

【答案與解析】a此處指“一個更好的世界〞,“a+比擬級+名詞〞意為“一個更……的……〞。10.(2021·福建漳州質(zhì)檢)ZhangzhouCityhasgainedagood(repute)forhavingsuccessfullyhostedtheFlowerExpo.

【答案與解析】reputation由空前的冠詞a可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞單數(shù)形式,故填reputation。三、單句改錯1.(2021·福建南平質(zhì)檢)Oftenshebuyssometoyforhimtoplaywith,especiallyonhisbirthday.【答案與解析】toy→toyssome意為“一些〞,故將后面的可數(shù)名詞toy改為復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.(2021·銀川一中月考)Duringthenextfewdays,wevisitedtheworld-famoussight,suchastheGreatWall,theSummerPalace,andtheForbiddenCity,whichcontainalargenumberofprecioustreasures.【答案與解析】sight→sights根據(jù)suchastheGreatWall,theSummerPalace,andtheForbiddenCity可知,此處要將sight改為sights。3.(2021·河北邯鄲模擬)IntheSpringFestival,myfamilyandIwenttoBeijingandhaddifferentholiday.【答案與解析】different前加ahaveaholiday為固定短語,意為“度假〞。4.(2021·武漢外國語學(xué)校月考)IwaswalkingtoschoolthismorningwhenIcaughtasightofanoldwomanwithawalkingstic