2020年初中英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)人教新目標(biāo)第3篇中考題型集訓(xùn)閱讀理解7科技說明

閱讀理解(七)科技說明A[2019·泰安]Earlierthisyear,Chinaachievedanewmilestone(里程碑)inspaceresearch.OnJanuary3,2019,Chang’e-4becamethefirstlunarprobe(月球探測器)inhistorytosuccessfullylandonthefarsideofthemoon.TheEarth’sgravity(重力)slowsthemoon’srotation(自轉(zhuǎn)),matchingittothespeedofitsorbit(公轉(zhuǎn)).Therefore,thefarsideofthemoonisalmost“dark”andhasneverbeenseen.It’sthissenseoftheunknownthatmakesthefarsideofthemoonsuchaninterestingplaceforscientificandspaceresearch.Beingblownbysolar(太陽的)winds,thefarsidemayhavethespecialminerals(礦物質(zhì)).Forthisreason,Chang’e-4willstudytheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceandanymineralfoundbythespacecraft.Chang’e-4isalsocarryingflowerseeds,potatoesandsilkwormeggstoseewhetherlifeispossibleonthemoon.Ifitis,thenthemoonwillbecomeapossiblechoiceforspacetravelinthefuture.However,researchofthe“dark”sideisn’teasy.Asthesideisblocked(阻斷)offfromus,radionoisecomingoffEarthisalsoblocked.ThisiswhyChina’srelaysatellite(中繼衛(wèi)星)QueqiaowassentupinMay,2018.ThankstoQueqiao,thecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandChang’e-4hasbeenwellsolved.Powersupply(電源供應(yīng))isalsoachallengetothetask.Chang’e-4getsenergyfromthesunthroughitssolarpanels.Asweknow,alunardayhasthelengthof28Earthdays.AfterChang’e-4wassentuponDecember8,2018,ittooktheprobeover20daystoorbitthemoontobeinapositiontobeabletolandinmoondaylightanduseitssolarpanels.Luckily,everythinggoeswell.Chang’e-4hasworkedonthe“dark”sideforover5months.Ithassentbackmanyphotosofthefarsideofthemoonandhasbeenusedtocarryoutsomescientificexperiments.TheNewYorkTimesusedtheword“groundbreaking”topraisethetaskandwrotethat“itwillofferhelptothehistoryanddevelopmentofthemoon.”1.WhenwasChang’e-4sentup?()A.InMay,2018.B.OnDecember8,2018.C.OnJanuary3,2018.D.Thepassagedoesn’ttellus.2.ThemaintasksofChang’e-4don’tinclude.()

A.studyingiflifeispossibleonthemoonB.studyingtheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceC.studyingthecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandotherprobesD.researchinganymineralfoundbythespacecraft3.Themeaningoftheunderlinedword“groundbreaking”inthelastparagraphistheclosestto“”.()

A.harmful B.unpredictableC.risky D.pioneering4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?()A.Chang’e-4hassentbackmanyphotosofthefarsideofthemoon.B.Alunardayhasthelengthof28Earthdays.C.China’srelaysatelliteQueqiaowassentupinordertoofferpowertoprobes.D.Chang’e-4isthefirstlunarprobeinhistorythathassuccessfullylandedonthe“dark”sideofthemoon.B[2019·綿陽]Chinesecompaniesleadinglobal5Gpatentapplications(專利應(yīng)用)withHuaweitakingthecrown,accordingtoareportbyIPlytics,anauthorizedpatentdatacompany.ThreecompaniesfromChinawereincludedinthetop10listof5GStandards-EssentialPatents(SEPs)familyowners.Huaweirankedfirst.ZETCorp.andChinaAcademyofTelecommunicationsTechnology(CATT)grabbedfifthandninthplaces,respectively.

Chinesecompaniestoppedthelistformost5GSEPsapplicationsincommunicationsystemsbytheendofApril2019,accountingfor34percentoftheworld’stotal.ChinesetechgiantHuaweihastakenaleadingrolebyowning15percentofSEPs,accordingtothereportWhoIsLeadingthe5GPatentRace?5GSEPsarepatentsthatanycompanywillhavetousewhencarryingout5Gtechnologyandnoonecanavoidthem.Differentfrom3Gand4Gtechnologies,5Gtechnologywillinfluencevariousindustriesandencouragetheappearanceofmanynewproducts,servicesandindustries.Theautomotivesectorwillmostlikelybeoneofthefirstindustriestodependon5G,whichwillconnectvehiclestoothervehicles,roadsides,trafficlights,buildingsandtheInternet,accordingtothereport.“Itis5Gthatisgoingtobeahugejumpforwardforcommunicationsystemsbecauseonlywith5G’shigherbandwidthcananumberofapplicationsbemoreadvanced(尖端的)andusedbymostconsumers,”saidNicolePeng,seniordirectorofthemarketresearchcompanyCanalys.As5Gtechnologyhascombinedvariousindustriesandtechnologies,thenumberof5GSEPsrosetomorethan60,000globallybytheendofApril2019,thereportsaid.1.Whatdoes“takingthecrown”probablymeaninParagraph1?()A.becomingthenextkingB.finishingthetaskbetterC.beinginthefirstplaceD.wearingthehatoftheking2.WhichonewasNOTonthetop10listof5GSEPs?()A.Canalys. B.Huawei.C.ZETCorp. D.CATT.3.Whatisthemainideaofthefirsttwoparagraphs?()A.Nocompaniescanavoid5GSEPs.B.IPlyticsisanimportantdatacompany.C.Chinesecompaniesleadthe5Gpatentrace.D.Chinaowned34%oftheworld’s5GSEPsapplications.4.WhatdoesNicolePengthinkof5G?()A.Variousindustrieswillbehelpfulfor5Galot.B.Manyapplicationswillmake5Gmoreadvanced.C.5Gwillbeusedbymanymostadvancedconsumers.D.5Gwillmakegreatprogressincommunicationsystems.5.Whatcanyougetoutofthepassage?()A.5Gwillbefirstusedbytheindustryoftheautomotivesector.B.Variousindustriesandfarmingwillbemostlyinfluencedby5G.C.5Gwillmotivatemanynewproducts,services,andindustriestoappear.D.Morethan6thousand5GSEPshadbeenusedbytheendofApril2019.C[2020·原創(chuàng)]Inordertomakedriverskeeptheirhandsonthewheelandtheireyesontheroad,anewJapanesesmartphoneappoffersfreecoffeetodriverswhodon’tchecktheirphonesforatleast100kilometers.Inthelast3years,therehavebeen443,691trafficaccidentsinatownofJapan,and50,101deathshappenedbecauseofusingsmartphoneswhiledriving.SoaJapanesecompanyinventedanewappwhichcouldgivedriverssomerewardsiftheydidn’tchecktheirphoneswhiledriving.Bydoingthis,itcangreatlyreducethenumberoftrafficaccidents.Toyota(豐田)MotorCorporation,KomedaCo.LtdandKDDICorporationhaveworkedtogethertocreatethisdrivingapp.Itusesthephone’sgyro(陀螺儀)sensortosensethetilt(傾斜)ofthecars.AnditcanuseGPStofigureoutthenumberofkilometersadriverhastraveledwiththesmartphonefacingdown.

Whentheappfindsthatthesmartphonehasnotbeenusedforatleast100kilometers,itwillrewardthedriverwithacupoficedcoffee.Therewardcanbeearnedforevery100kilometerswithoutcheckingthephone.Toyotasaysthatthisisthefirstsmartphoneappthatcanhelpsolvetheproblemsofdrivingsafety.ThisapphasbeenusedsinceSeptember20th,2016,anditisavailableforbothiOSandAndroidsystems.Uptonow,ithasonlyworkedinJapan.1.LotsoftrafficaccidentshavehappenedinJapanbecausethedriverswhiledriving.()

A.drinkcoffee B.talkwithothersC.listentomusic D.usetheirsmartphones2.Thesmartphoneappismadeto.()

A.rewardthedrivers B.makesuretrafficsafetyC.checkthedrivingspeed D.improveairpollution3.“”hasthesamemeaningastheunderlinedwords“figureout”.()

A.Findout B.WorkoutC.Tryout D.Giveout4.Thedrivercangetasarewardifhedriveswithoutusinghissmartphoneforatleast100kilometers.()

A.aboxofbeer B.aglassofmilkC.abottleofwater D.acupoficedcoffee5.WhichisWRONGaboutthenewappaccordingtothepassage?()A.ThesmartphoneappcanbeusedonlyinJapanforever.B.Thesmartphoneappcansensethetiltofthecars.C.Threecompaniesworkedtogethertocreatethisdrivingapp.D.iOSandAndroidsystemscanusethesmartphoneapp.【參考答案】A[主旨大意]本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道,講述為了探索月球,中國發(fā)射了嫦娥四號月球探測器以及該探測器的相關(guān)信息。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句中的“AfterChang’e-4wassentuponDecember8,2018…”可知,嫦娥四號是在2018年12月8日發(fā)射的。故選B。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Forthisreason,Chang’e-4willstudytheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceandanymineralfoundbythespacecraft.Chang’e-4isalsocarryingflowerseeds,potatoesandsilkwormeggstoseewhetherlifeispossibleonthemoon.”可知,嫦娥四號的任務(wù)包括選項(xiàng)A、B、D中的內(nèi)容,不包括選項(xiàng)C中的內(nèi)容。故選C。3.D詞義猜測題。最后一段講的是《紐約時報(bào)》高度評價(jià)了本次發(fā)射行動,它給月球的歷史和發(fā)展提供了幫助,故畫線單詞的意思應(yīng)是“開創(chuàng)性的”,故選D。4.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段的內(nèi)容可知,嫦娥四號已經(jīng)發(fā)回了很多月球背面的照片,選項(xiàng)A正確;根據(jù)第五段第三句“Asweknow,alunardayhasthelengthof28Earthdays.”可知,選項(xiàng)B正確;根據(jù)第四段最后兩句“ThisiswhyChina’srelaysatelliteQueqiaowassentupinMay,2018.ThankstoQueqiao,thecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandChang’e-4hasbeenwellsolved.”可知,發(fā)射鵲橋中繼衛(wèi)星是為了解決地球與探測器之間的通訊問題而不是能源問題,選項(xiàng)C說法錯誤;根據(jù)第一段第二句“OnJanuary3,2019,Chang’e-4becamethefirstlunarprobeinhistorytosuccessfullylandonthefarsideofthemoon.”可知選項(xiàng)D正確。故選C。B[主旨大意]本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了5G技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀以及未來應(yīng)用的前景。1.C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段,尤其是倒數(shù)第二句“Huaweirankedfirst.”可知,此處是“處在第一位”之意。故選C。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ThreecompaniesfromChinawereincludedinthetop10listof5GStandards-EssentialPatents(SEPs)familyowners.Huaweirankedfirst.ZETCorp.andChinaAcademyofTelecommunicationsTechnology(CATT)grabbedfifthandninthplaces,respectively.”可知,B、C、D三項(xiàng)均在列,由此可排除A項(xiàng)。故選A。3.C段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ThreecompaniesfromChinawereincludedinthetop10listof5GStandards-EssentialPatents(SEPs)familyowners.Huaweirankedfirst…”和第二段中的“Chinesecompaniestoppedthelistformost5GSEPsapplicationsincommunicationsystemsbytheendofApril2019,accountingfor34percentoftheworld’stotal.ChinesetechgiantHuaweihastakenaleadingrolebyowning15percentofSEPs…”可知,中國公司在5G專利技術(shù)方面處于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。故選C。4.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Itis5Gthatisgoingtobeahugejumpforwardforcommunicationsystems…”可知,5G技術(shù)將會在信息交流方面取得很大進(jìn)步。故選D。5.C主旨大意題。根