2022屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)分類閱讀寫作訓(xùn)練之人與自然人與環(huán)境含答案與解析

2022屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)分類閱讀寫作訓(xùn)練之人與自然人與環(huán)境一、七選五（2021·福建莆田市·高二期末）InJapan,takingawalkinthewoodsor“forestbathing”istakenveryseriously.1．Thesecretisthatitdoesfarmorethanjustgivingyousomeexerciseandabitoffreshair.Therearesomeotherfantasticbenefits.2．Notsurprisingly,awalkinthewoodshasproventobemoreofanattractiveactivitytopeoplewhoareoverweightthananhourinagym.Doctorsarenowsuggestingthatwalkinginthewoodsisafarhealthierwayforfatpeopletoexercisethanwalkingindoors.Itcanalsogreatlyreduceyourbloodpressure.InJapan,researchershadonegroupofsubjectstakeawalkinawoodedareaandanothergroupinabuiltuparea.3．Theyfoundthesubjectsthathadtakenawalkinthewoodshadsignificantlylowerbloodpressurethanthosewhohadwalkedinanurbanarea.Justbeingneartreescanreducedepression.4．InonestudycarriedoutinLondon,itwasfoundthatpeoplewholivedneartotreeshadmuchbettermentalhealth.Researchersdiscoveredthat,themoretreesthatcouldbefoundinanylocation,thefewerthenumberofpeoplewhowerebeingprescribedantidepressants(抗抑郁藥).Walkinginthewoodshasalreadybeenshowntoimprovebrainpower.Thatiswhythereiscurrentlyatrendtositekindergartensinwoodedareas.Researchershavefoundthat,childrenwhoplayinwoodedareasdevelopbettercognitive(認(rèn)知的)skillsandarebetterequippedtobeabletoassessrisksanddangers.5．A．Ithelpsyourecoverfromillness.B．Itcanhelpoverweightpeopleloseweight.C．Thathasbeenproveninstudiesconductedinbigcities.D．WhathavetheJapanesediscoveredaboutwalkinginaforest?E.Thentheycomparedtheirbloodpressurewhentheyreturned.F.Whydoestheairinaforestcontainallkindsofbeneficialthings?G.Italso,ofcourse,giveschildrenabetterappreciationofthenaturalworld.二、閱讀理解A（2021·江蘇南京·高一期中）Sheepfarmerscanprofitbyplantingtreesandsellingcarboncredits,accordingtoanewstudy.ThereportbytheUniversityofSheffield,publishedinthejournalEnvironmentalResearch,suggeststhatfarmerswithmorethan60acresoflandcouldturnaprofitiftheirlandwerereturnedtoforestandtheyreceived￡3pertonofCO2captured.Thefarmerscouldthensellthecarbon‘credits’tocompanieslookingtooffset(抵消)theiremissions(排放物),suchasairlines.ThestudywasreleasedastheUKfarmingsectorpreparestomoveawayfromtheBasicPaymentSystemtothenewEnvironmentalLandManagementScheme(ELMS),whichfocusesonproducing‘publicgoods’,suchasrecoveringecosystems,flooddefensesandcarbonstorage.Carboncreditsarecurrentlybeingsoldfor￡15perton,apricethatcouldmakeanyforestsizeprofitable,accordingtothestudy.TheresearchalsosuggeststhatiftheUKincreaseditstreecoverfrom8%to12%,theamountofcarbonemissionscapturedbyforestswouldincreaseby10%.“SheepfarmingintheUKisnotprofitablewithoutsubsidies(補(bǔ)貼),butforestsdullsellcarboncreditscanbeeconomicallyworkable—soitmakessensefortheGovernmenttohelpfarmerstransition(過渡),”believesColinOsborne,theleadauthorofthestudy,“Intheend,thesecomedowntopoliticalquestionsofhowwewantourcountrysidetobeused,howwevaluelivestockproductionovertheglobalcostsofclimatebreakdownandhowtheGovernmentsupportsfarmersandruralcommunities.”However,criticssaythatthestudyisfartoosimplistic,withtheNationalSheepAssociation(NSA)sayinglandmanagementshouldn’tonlyfocusoncarbonemissions,buthastobemulti-functional.SpeakingtoFarmersGuardian,NSACEOPhilStockersaysit’s“reallyeasyforscientiststojustifytheplantingofforeststhroughacarboncalculation(計(jì)算),becauseitiseasytomeasurehowmuchcarbonisinatreeandthenapplyanoffsetvalue”.Mr.Stockernotesthatgrasslandcaneffectivelycapturecarbonandadds,“Iappreciatetreesasmuchasanyone,buttointroducepoliciestodestroygrasslandsbycreatingforestsisshort-sightedatbest.”6．Whatisthenewstudyabout?A．Forestsgivingwaytosheepfarming.B．UKsheepfarmerspreferringtoplanttrees.C．Sheepfarmerscontributinggreatlytoenvironmentalprotection.D．UKsheepfarmersgettingpaidforreplacingtheirgrasslandwithforest.7．WhatistheaimofthenewELMS?A．Tohelpsheepfarmersgetricherandricher.B．Tosupportthosesufferingfromnaturaldisasters.C．Tousethelandinanenvironmentally-friendlyway.D．Toencouragepeopletoplantmoretreesontheirland.8．WhatdoColinOsborne’swordsfocuson?A．TheroleoftheGovernment. B．Thefutureofsheepfarming.C．Thecostsofclimatebreakdown. D．Theproblemsofruralcommunities.9．WhichofthefollowingwouldPhilStockeragreewith?A．Itismeaningfultomeasurecarbonemissions.B．Itisunwisetoreplacegrasslandwithwoodland.C．Subsidizingfarmershelpsimprovesoilquality.D．Grasslandplaysamorevitalrolethanwoodland.B（2021·福建省連城縣第一中學(xué)）"Youareveryawarethatifsomethinggoeswrong,itgoesverywrongveryquickly,"saysJoanneJohnson,speakingnearThwaitesGlacier(冰川)inoneoftheremotestpartsofAntarctica.Atthetime,sheandthreecolleagueswerealone,morethan1600kilometresfromthenearestresearchstation.Strongwindshadpoundedthemandithadsnowedheavily.Onthebrightside,fortunately,itwasmild,at-5℃.Untilnow,fewerthan50peoplehavebeentothispartofWestAntarctica,lessthanhavebeentospace.Bytheendofthismonth,100willhavevisited.Thereasonissimple:Thwaitesnowisapotentialtimebomb.ThisvastglacierisaboutthesizeofGreatBritain.Whileithasbeenlesseningsincetheearly1990s,iceitlosthasalmostdoubledoverthepast20years.Itisfalling35billiontonnesayear.Onitsown,itscollapsewouldraiseseasbyaround65centimetres.Thatisworryingenoughinthecontextofthe19-cmriseinthewholeofthe20thcentury.ButthebiggerworryisthatthisglacierbuttressestheentireWestAntarcticicesheet.Thefearisthatitwillcauseawidercollapseoftheicesheet—enoughtoraiseseasbyadisastrous3.3metreswithinafewhundredyearsifThwaitesgoes.Scientistsforthefirsttimedrilledintotheice;placinginstrumentsintotheiceistheonlywaytomakeaccurateforecastsofhowsealevelwillriseinthefuture.Thisyear'sworkhasalreadyconfirmedtheirfearsthough—warmoceanwaterthatcirclesAntarcticaisflowingtothecoastandbecausetheseabedtipsdownwards,astheicemelts(融化)itwillexposeincreasinglymoreicetothatwater,meaningtheglaciercoulddisappearincreasinglyrapidly.JoanneJohnsonsaid,"WhathappensintheAntarcticdoesn'tstayintheAntarctic.Humanitycannotaffordtowait."10．WhywillmorepeoplevisitThwaites?A．TomeasureThwaites'size. B．TolocateThwaitesGlacier.C．ToexploreWestAntarctica. D．TolearnaboutThwaites'melting.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"buttresses"inparagraph3mean?A．Supports. B．Covers.C．Damages. D．Balances.12．What'sthepurposeofscientists'drillingintotheice?A．Tofindoutthepositionoficemelting.B．Topredicttheexactchangeofsealevel.C．Tocalculatethespeedofwatercircling.D．Topreventtheseabedfrommoving.13．WhatdoesJoanneJohnsonmeaninthelastparagraph?A．Antarcticisdestroyedbyoutsiders.B．Antarcticisthefocusoftheproblem.C．Thwaites'troublewillbecomeworldwide.D．HumansshouldbeblamedforThwaites'crisis.C（2021·上海市實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校高二期末）Therehas,inrecentyears,beenanoutpouringofinformationabouttheimpactofbuildingsonthenaturalenvironment.Informationwhichexplainsandpromotesgreenandsustainableconstructiondesignstrivestoconvinceothersofitseffectivenessandwarnsofthedangersofignoringtheissue.Seldomdothesedocumentsofferanyadvicetopractitioners,suchas(hosedesigningmechanicalandelectricalsystemsforabuilding,onhowtoutilizethisknowledgeonapracticallevel.Whilethetermsgreenandsustainablearcoftenconsideredsynonymous,inthattheybothsymbolizenature,greendoesnotincludeallthatismeantbysustainability.Someelementsofgreendesignmaybesustainabletoo,forexamplethosewhichreduceenergyusageandpollution,whileothers,suchasensuringinternalairquality,maybeconsideredgreendespitehavingnoinfluenceontheecologicalbalance.Althoughthereareagoodmanyadvocatesof'green'constructioninthearchitecturalindustry,thisisnotenoughtomakegreenconstructioncomeintobeing.Thedrivingforcebehindwhetherabuildingisconstructedwithminimalenvironmentalimpactlieswiththeownerofthebuilding;thatis,thepersonfinancingtheproject.Iftheownerconsidersgreendesignunimportant,orofsecondaryimportance,thenmorethanlikely,itwillnotbefactoredintothedesign.The81nmissioning(委托)processplaysakeyroleinensuringtheownergetsthebuildinghewants,intermsofdesign,costsandrisk.Atthepredesignstage,theowner'sobjectives,criteriaandthetypeofdesignimaginedarediscussedanddocumented.Thisgivesadesignteamasolidfoundationonwhichtheycanbuildtheirideas,andalsoprovidesaspecificstandardagainstwhichindividualelements,suchascosts,designandenvironmentalimpactcanbejudged.Insomecases,anownermaybeawareofthelatesttrendsinsustainablebuildingdesign.Hemayhavedoneresearchintoithimselforhemayhavebeeninformedofthemeritsofgreendesignthroughearlydiscussionwithprofessionals.However,firmsshouldnottakeitasreadthatsomeonecommissioningabuildingalreadyhasapreconceivedideaofhowgreenheintendsthestructuretobe.Indeed,thisinitialinteractionbetweenownerandfirmistheidealtimeforadesignertooutlineandpromotethewaysthatgreendesigncanmeettheclient'sobjectives,thusturningaprojectoriginallynotdestinedforgreendesignintoapotentialcandidate.14．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Explainingtoownerswhyignoringgreenissuesiscostlyanddangerous.B．Explainingtoprofessionalshowtheycaninfluenceclientstochoosegreenerdesigns.C．Explainingtoownerstheimportanceofgreenbuildingdesigninreducinglong-termdamage.D．Explainingtoprofessionalswhyitisimportanttofollowthecorrectprocedures.15．Theexamplesofgreenandsustainabledesignsgiveninparagraph2showthat________.A．designsmustbesustainableinorderforthemtobedescribedasgreen.B．forthepurposesofthispaper,thetermsgreenandsustainablehavethesamemeaning.C．somesustainabledesignsarcgreen,whileothersarenot.D．somedesignsaretermedgreen,eventhoughtheyarenotsustainable.16．Accordingtoparagraph3,thereasonforthelackofgreenbuildingsbeingdesignedisthat________.A．fewfirmshaveanyexperienceindesignandconstructingbuildingstoagreendesign.B．constructioncompaniesareunawareofthebenefitsofgreenandsustainabledesigns.C．firmsdonotgettodecidewhetherabuildingistobeconstructedsustainably.D．firmstendtoconvinceclientsthatotherfactorsaremoreimportantthansustainability.17．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthecommissioningprocess?A．Itisconductedbeforethebuildingisdesigned.B．Itisastagethatallclientsgothroughwhenconstructingabuilding.C．Itisastepinthedesignprocedureinwhichtheclientsgoalsarcidentified.D．Itprovidesthefirmwithameasureofhowwelltheydidtheirjob.三、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文（2021·福建寧德·）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Plastichaspollutedthecountrysideandbeen18．threattowildlifefordecades.Inthelastcenturyorso,environmentalistshaveurgedus19．(cut)theamountofplasticweuseorrecycletheplasticbags.However,withonlylessthan14percentofthetotalamountrecycled,peoplearestillstrugglingwithplasticpollutionglobally.Theremaybeasolution.Recentlyscientistshavemadeabiodegradable(可降解的)plastic,20．meansthebillionsofplasticbags,cups,straws,etc.thatwethrowawayeachdaycouldberecycled.21．(compare)withordinaryplastics,theycouldbreakdownas22．(natural)asorganicwaste.Theycoulddoitwithinafewweeks,23．(use)justheatandwater.Thenew,biodegradableplastichaspolyester-eatingenzymes(酶)insideit.Whentheseenzymesareexposed24．heatandwater,theyeatawayattheplasticandturnitinto“food”forthesoil.ProfessorTingXusaidupto98percentoftheplasticherteammadereducedintotinypieces.Shesaid:“Thestudygivesusa25．(believe)thatthiscontinuingproblemofsingle-useplasticscan26．(solve)inthenearfuture.”Sheadded:“Lookatallthewastedstuffwethrowaway—clothing,shoes,electronics....Wearetakingthingsfromtheearthata27．(fast)ratethanwecanreturnthem.”四、提綱類作文28．（2021·江西九江·高二期末）2021年世界地球日主題為“修復(fù)我們的地球”。請以“RestoreOurEarth”為題寫一篇演講稿。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：(1)說明“修復(fù)我們的地球”的重要性；(2)對“修復(fù)我們的地球”提出行動(dòng)建議。注意：(1)詞數(shù)100左右；(2)可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。RestoreOurEarth______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案一、七選五DBECG【大意】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在樹林里散步或進(jìn)行“森林浴”的諸多益處。1．根據(jù)上文“InJapan,takingawalkinthewoodsor“forestbathing”istakenveryseriously.(在日本，在樹林里散步或“森林浴”是非常嚴(yán)肅的事情)”和下文“Thesecretisthatitdoesfarmorethanjustgivingyousomeexerciseandabitoffreshair.(秘密是，它遠(yuǎn)不止給你一些鍛煉和一點(diǎn)新鮮空氣)”可知，此處起著承上啟下的作用，內(nèi)容與提問日本人在森林里行走時(shí)會(huì)有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)D“WhathavetheJapanesediscoveredaboutwalkinginaforest?(日本人在森林里行走時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？)”符合題意。故選D。2．根據(jù)下文“Notsurprisingly,awalkinthewoodshasproventobemoreofanattractiveactivitytopeoplewhoareoverweightthananhourinagym.(毫不奇怪，事實(shí)證明，對超重的人來說，在樹林里散步比在健身房待一個(gè)小時(shí)更有吸引力)”可知，此處是本段主旨句，具有概括性，內(nèi)容與在森林里行走可以幫助超重的人減肥有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)B“Itcanhelpoverweightpeopleloseweight.(它可以幫助超重的人減肥)”符合題意。故選B。3．根據(jù)上文“InJapan,researchershadonegroupofsubjectstakeawalkinawoodedareaandanothergroupinabuiltuparea.(在日本，研究人員讓一組受試者在樹林中散步，另一組受試者在高樓林立的地區(qū)散步)”和下文“Theyfoundthesubjectsthathadtakenawalkinthewoodshadsignificantlylowerbloodpressurethanthosewhohadwalkedinanurbanarea.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在樹林中散步的受試者的血壓明顯低于在城市散步的受試者)”可知，此處承上啟下，內(nèi)容與對比散步回來的兩組受試者的血壓有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)E“Thentheycomparedtheirbloodpressurewhentheyreturned.(當(dāng)他們回來的時(shí)候，他們比較了他們的血壓)”符合題意。故選E。4．根據(jù)下文“InonestudycarriedoutinLondon,itwasfoundthatpeoplewholivedneartotreeshadmuchbettermentalhealth.(在倫敦進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，住在樹附近的人心理健康狀況要好得多)”可知，此處內(nèi)容與大城市的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)，且C項(xiàng)中的instudiesconductedinbigcities和空后面的InonestudycarriedoutinLondon內(nèi)容相吻合，因此選項(xiàng)C“Thathasbeenproveninstudiesconductedinbigcities.(在大城市進(jìn)行的研究已經(jīng)證明了這一點(diǎn))”符合題意。故選C。5．根據(jù)上文“Researchershavefoundthat,childrenwhoplayinwoodedareasdevelopbettercognitive(認(rèn)知的)skillsandarebetterequippedtobeabletoassessrisksanddangers.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在樹林里玩耍的孩子發(fā)展出更好的認(rèn)知技能，也更有能力評估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和危險(xiǎn))”可知，此處與上文是并列關(guān)系，內(nèi)容與在樹林里玩耍對孩子的好處有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)G“Italso,ofcourse,giveschildrenabetterappreciationofthenaturalworld.(當(dāng)然，它也讓孩子們更好地欣賞自然世界)”符合題意。故選G。二、閱讀理解A篇：DDAB【大意】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了在英國采用破壞草地種植樹木來提高牧羊人收入及改善全球氣候變化的方式帶來的影響和作用。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段“Sheepfarmerscanprofitbyplantingtreesandsellingcarboncredits,accordingtoanewstudy.ThereportbytheUniversityofSheffield,publishedinthejournalEnvironmentalResearch,suggeststhatfarmerswithmorethan60acresoflandcouldturnaprofitiftheirlandwerereturnedtoforestandtheyreceived￡3pertonofCO2captured.”（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究，牧羊人可以通過種植樹木和銷售碳信用來獲利。謝菲爾德大學(xué)發(fā)表在環(huán)境研究雜志上的報(bào)告指出，如果擁有超過六十英畝土地的農(nóng)民，把他們的土地改為森林，每捕獲一頓二氧化碳就能獲利3英鎊）可知，這項(xiàng)研究主要表達(dá)的是，英國牧羊者用森林取代他們的草地而獲得報(bào)酬。故選擇D項(xiàng)。7．推理判斷題。由第二段“whichfocusesonproducing‘publicgoods’,suchasrecoveringecosystems,flooddefensesandcarbonstorage.Carboncreditsarecurrentlybeingsoldfor￡15perton,apricethatcouldmakeanyforestsizeprofitable,accordingtothestudy.TheresearchalsosuggeststhatiftheUKincreaseditstreecoverfrom8%to12%,theamountofcarbonemissionscapturedbyforestswouldincreaseby10%.”（它專注于生產(chǎn)公共產(chǎn)品，如，恢復(fù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，洪水防御和碳儲(chǔ)存。碳信用額度目前正以每噸15英鎊的價(jià)格出售。根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，這個(gè)價(jià)格可以使任何規(guī)模的森林都能盈利。研究還指出如果英國樹木的覆蓋率從8%提高到12%，森林捕獲的碳排放量將增加10%）可推知，ELMS的主要目的是鼓勵(lì)人們更多的種樹，故選擇D項(xiàng)。8．推理判斷題。由第三段“Intheend,thesecomedowntopoliticalquestionsofhowwewantourcountrysidetobeused,howwevaluelivestockproductionovertheglobalcostsofclimatebreakdownandhowtheGovernmentsupportsfarmersandruralcommunities.”（最后，這可以歸結(jié)為政治問題，即我們?nèi)绾卫梦覀兊霓r(nóng)村，如何重視牲畜生產(chǎn)而不是全球氣候變化成本之上，以及政府如何支持農(nóng)民和農(nóng)村社區(qū)）可推知，科林·奧斯本在著重強(qiáng)調(diào)政府在這其中起到的作用。故選擇A項(xiàng)。9．推理判斷題。由最后一段“Iappreciatetreesasmuchasanyone,buttointroducepoliciestodestroygrasslandsbycreatingforestsisshort-sightedatbest.”（我和任何人一樣重視樹木，但是推廣破壞草地來種植樹木的政策是短視的）可推知，菲爾·斯托克認(rèn)為破壞草地來種植樹木是不明智的。故選擇B項(xiàng)。B篇：DABC【大意】本文是說明文。文章介紹了南極冰川消融的嚴(yán)峻形勢，呼吁人類立即行動(dòng)。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Bytheendofthismonth,100willhavevisited.Thereasonissimple:Thwaitesnowisapotentialtimebomb”可知，將有更多的人前往思韋茨冰川，因?yàn)樗柬f茨冰川是一個(gè)潛在的定時(shí)炸彈；再結(jié)合第三段中的“Whileithasbeenlesseningsincetheearly1990s…enoughtoraiseseasbyadisastrous3.3metreswithinafewhundredyearsifThwaitesgoes”可知，在過去的20年里思韋茨冰川融化的速度幾乎翻倍，它的消融會(huì)使海平面上升，而且會(huì)導(dǎo)致南極西部冰原更廣范圍的坍塌，從而帶來更大的危險(xiǎn)。由此可推知，越來越多的人前往思韋茨冰川是為了了解它的融化情況。故選D項(xiàng)。11．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“Thefearisthatitwillcauseawidercollapseoftheicesheet—enoughtoraiseseasbyadisastrous3.3metreswithinafewhundredyearsifThwaitesgoes”可知，思韋茨冰川如果消融，會(huì)導(dǎo)致南極西部冰原更廣范圍的樹塌，這足以使海平面在幾百年里上升3.3米，由這種連鎖反應(yīng)可知，思韋茨冰川“支撐”著整個(gè)南極西部冰原，它的消融對南極西部冰原有災(zāi)難性的影響，support與畫線詞意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“placinginstrumentsintotheiceistheonlywaytomakeaccurateforecastsofhowsealevelwillriseinthefuture”可知，研究人員在冰上鉆孔是為了放設(shè)備進(jìn)去，從而能夠準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測未來海平面的上升情況。故選B項(xiàng)。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容可知，思韋茨冰川是一個(gè)潛在的定時(shí)炸彈，它的消融會(huì)帶來連鎖反應(yīng)，使南極西部冰原坍塌，海平面大幅上升，從而影響全球環(huán)境和人類的生存。因此JoanneJohnson說“發(fā)生在南極洲的事情不只影響南極洲，人類承擔(dān)不了繼續(xù)等待的后果”是指，思韋茨的問題是全球性問題，人類無法承受這種影響?！惫蔬xC項(xiàng)。C篇：BDCB【大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了綠色建筑的重要性以及向?qū)I(yè)人士解釋他們?nèi)绾斡绊懣蛻暨x擇更環(huán)保的設(shè)計(jì)。14．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Informationwhichexplainsandpromotesgreenandsustainableconstructiondesignstrivestoconvinceothersofitseffectivenessandwarnsofthedangersofignoringtheissue.（解釋和促進(jìn)綠色和可持續(xù)建筑設(shè)計(jì)的信息努力說服他人其有效性，并警告忽視這一問題的危險(xiǎn)。）”及全文可知，這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是向?qū)I(yè)人士解釋他們?nèi)绾斡绊懣蛻暨x擇更環(huán)保的設(shè)計(jì)。故選B。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Whilethetermsgreenandsustainablearcoftenconsideredsynonymous,inthattheybothsymbolizenature,greendoesnotincludeallthatismeantbysustainability.（“綠色”和“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”通常被認(rèn)為是同義的，因?yàn)樗鼈兌际亲匀坏南笳?，綠色并不包括可持續(xù)發(fā)展的所有含義。）”可推斷，第二段給出的綠色和可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)的例子表明，一些設(shè)計(jì)被稱為綠色，即使它們不是可持續(xù)的。故選D。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thedrivingforcebehindwhetherabuildingisconstructedwithminimalenvironmentalimpactlieswiththeownerofthebuilding;thatis,thepersonfinancingtheproject.（建筑對環(huán)境的影響是否最小，取決于建筑的所有者；也就是為項(xiàng)目提供資金的人。）”可知，缺乏綠色建筑設(shè)計(jì)的原因是公司不能決定建筑是否要可持續(xù)地建造。故選C。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Insomecases,anownermaybeawareofthelatesttrendsinsustainablebuildingdesign.（在某些情況下，業(yè)主可能了解可持續(xù)建筑設(shè)計(jì)的最新趨勢。）”可知，調(diào)試過程并不是所有客戶在建造建筑時(shí)都要經(jīng)歷的一個(gè)階段。故選B。三、語法填空18．a(chǎn)19．tocut20．which21．Compared22．naturally23．using24．to25．belief26．besolved27．faster【大意】這是一篇說明文。文章通過引入塑料污染帶來的危害，進(jìn)而談到解決塑料污染的解決方法。1.考查冠詞。句意：塑料污染了鄉(xiāng)村，幾十年來對野生動(dòng)物一直是一個(gè)威脅。threat“威脅”為可數(shù)名詞，此處泛指“一個(gè)威脅”，threat以輔音音素開頭，所以用不定冠詞a。故填a。2.考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：在上個(gè)世紀(jì)左右，環(huán)保主義者敦促我們減少塑料的使用量，或者回收塑料袋。短語：urgesb.todo.，意為“敦促某人做某事”，結(jié)合設(shè)空前urge，所以此處填動(dòng)詞不定式。故填tocut。3.考查定語從句。句意：最近，科學(xué)家們發(fā)明了一種生物可分解塑膠，這意