2024年人教版高二英語講義（選擇性必第三冊）Unit 3 Environmental Protection：Period 2 Discovering Useful Structures-（學案）(原卷版)

選擇性必修第三冊Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionPeriod2DiscoveringUsefulStructures001預習導學002課堂探究一、直接引語和間接引語[合作探究1]Whatisthefeatureofthegroupofsentences?Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”(Para1)Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)1]Directspeech(直接引語)直接引述別人的話Indirectspeech(間接引語)用自己的話轉述他人的話[合作探究2]Lookatthesentencesanddiscussthedifferencesbetweeneachpair.(1)Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?”Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.(2)Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?”Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.(3)“Let’sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)2]引述別人的話有兩種方式：一種是使用引號引出他人的原話，這叫做直接引語；另一種是用自己的話把他人的話轉述出來，文中不需要引號，這叫做間接引語。[名師提醒]Johnsaid,“I’mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather.”約翰說：“我要和父親到倫敦去。”（引號內是直接引語）JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.約翰說，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語從句是間接引語）一般來說，直接引語和間接引語之間轉化要點包括時態(tài)變化、代詞變化、地點狀語變化、時間狀語變化、方向性動詞變化和語序變化等。二、直接引語變間接引語如何變人稱[合作探究3]Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker.”→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)3]“一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化?！岸S賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱，或被第二人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱?！暗谌朔Q不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化三、直接引語變間接引語如何變時態(tài)[合作探究4]Shesaid,“Ihavelostapen.”→ShesaidshehadlostapenShesaid,“Wehopeso.”→Shesaidtheyhopedso.Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.4.Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthe

sun

andthemoonmovesaroundtheearth”→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)4]直接引語在改為間接引語時，時態(tài)需要做相應的調整。通常是將賓語之中的時態(tài)往后推一個時態(tài)。時態(tài)變化規(guī)律一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時過去完成時不變，仍為過去完成時[名師提醒]在下列情況下直接引語時態(tài)不需要變：是客觀事實、科學真理、現(xiàn)在習慣的工作以及格言等內容時；直接引語是過去進行時，時態(tài)可以不變；有明確表示過去時間的狀語；沒有過去時形式的情態(tài)動詞（例：oughtto，must,need,hadbetter,）和已經是過去時的形式時，（例：could,should,would,might,usedto）；(5）如果直接引語中含有since,when,while引導的表示過去時間的狀語從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，只改變主句中的謂語動詞，從句的一般過去時則不變。四、直接引語變間接引語如何變狀語[合作探究5]Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)5]直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內在規(guī)則，時間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來”（例：now變?yōu)閠hen,yesterday變?yōu)閠hedaybefore）。地點狀語，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此”改為“彼”（例：this改為that）[名師提醒]指示代詞this–thatthese–those表示時間的詞now–thentoday–thatdaythisweek(month,etc.)–thatweek(month,etc.)yesterday–thedaybeforelastweek(month)–theweek(month)beforethreedays(ayear)ago–threedays(ayear)before表示地點的詞here–there動詞bring–takecome–go五、直接引語變間接引語如何變語序[合作探究6]“Iseverybodyhere?”Theteacherasked.→Theteacheraskedif/whethereverybodywasthere.[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)6]一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序。一般疑問句添加if/whether后使用陳述語序，特殊疑問句則在疑問詞后使用陳述語序。[名師提醒]語序變化規(guī)律連接詞語序陳述句that或省略不變一般疑問句引述動詞后加上if或whether陳述語序特殊疑問句連接詞不變陳述語序祈使句無連接詞不變總結直接引語變間接引語需注意：1.時態(tài)的變化2.人稱的變化3.指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化4.語序變化【學以致用1】將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語Herearesomestatementsandquestionsbychildrenwhoattendedscientificlectures.Guesswhotheyweretalkingtoandthenchangethesentencesintoindirectspeech.Diane“WhatmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual?”“WasittheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory?”Martha“Iwanttobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.”“I’mdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.”Bob“Whyisnuclearpowerasensitivetopic?”“Couldyouexplainhowthenucleardisasterhappened?”Laura“Howmanyanimalshavedisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting?”“Whatcanwedotohelpwildanimals?”Vincent“I’veneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.”“Willscientistsdiscovernewspeciesthere?”【學以致用2】句型轉換（直接引語變間接引語如何變人稱）（1）“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tom，”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthat_________wouldgoandsee_________againthatevening.（2）Hesaidtome，“Youarewrong.”→Hetoldmethat_________waswrong.（3）“Areyouasoldier?”heasked.→Heaskedif/whether_________wasasoldier.（4）Heasked，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff，John?”→HeaskedJohnwhere_________wasgoingtogetoff.【學以致用3】句型轉換（直接引語變間接引語如何變狀語）（1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow，John，”shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewould_________andhelpher________________.（2）“I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tim，”hesaid.→HetoldTimthathewouldgoandseehimagain__________________.（3）MrHarryasked，“John，haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday?”→MrHarryaskedJohnwhetherhehadpassedtheexam_________.（4）Theoldmansaid，“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith_________youngmen.（5）Shesaidtome，“Ilivedherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlived_________fiveyears_________【學以致用4】句型轉換（直接引語變間接引語如何變時態(tài)）（1）Theteachersaid，“YouaredoingOK.”→Theteachersaidthat__________________doingOK.（2）Hesaid，“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthat__________________anovel.（3）Hesaid，“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthat__________________gotheretohavealongholiday.（4）Theteachersaid，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”→Theteachersaidthatwherethere_________awill，there_________away.（5）Janesaid，“Mary，wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouonthebus?”→JaneaskedMarywhere__________________whenshemetheronthebus.【學以致用5】句型轉換（直接引語變間接引語如何變語序）（1）Hesaid，“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldme_________he_________hisbookinmyroom.（2）Shesaid，“DoyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementsonTV?”→Sheaskedme_________I_________watchingtheadvertisementsonTV.（3）“Wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad?”Billasked.→Billasked__________________theadsforjobsabroad.（4）“Whatareyoudoingnow?”Momasked.→Momasked__________________then.（5）Hesaid，“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.” →He_________again_________.（6）Hesaid，“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，boys.”→Hetoldtheboys_________somuchnoise.003隨堂小練Ⅰ單句語法填空1.Iaskedher

_______manyEnglishbooksshewouldread

thenextterm.2.Heaskedher

_______wasthematterwithher.3.Petersaidthatitwasafinedayandaskedme______(go)tothecountryforapicnicwithhim.4.HesaidColumbus

_______(discover)

Americain1492.5.Thepoliceman

warnedthechildren______(notplay)

footballinthemiddleofthestreet.6.Hesaysthathelikessingingand_______hewantstobeasinger.

7.Shesaidthattheirbus_________(arrive)in

five

minutes.8.Heaskedme_________Ihadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.9.Hesaidthatpractice________(make)perfect.10.ThemomentIgothome,mywifeaskedme__________Ihadbeentothehospital.Ⅱ句型轉換，將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語。1.Shesaidtome,“I’mstudyingEnglishthesedays.”→Shetoldme____________________________English_______days.2.“Shallwemeetatthetheatre?”hesaid.

→Hesuggested______________________atthetheatre.

→Hesuggestedour_________atthetheatre.3.Heasked,“Whichonedoyoulikebest？”→Heasked____________________________best.4.Thismorninghesaid,“I’mleavingforBeijingtomorrow.”→Thismorninghesaidthat_______________________forBeijing________.5.Hesaid,“Willyoudoit?”andIsaid,“Yes.”→Heasked____________________________itandIsaidthat_______________.6.

The

teacher

said,“Light

travelsmuch

faster

than

sound.”→The

teachersaid

______________

much

faster

than

sound．7.“Have

they

tasted

the

mixture?”he

asked.

→He

asked______________________________

the

mixture.

Ⅲ能力提升(用間接引語翻譯下列句子)1.小王說，他出生于1994年2月18日。Xiao

Wang

said

he

_______________.2.湯姆說昨天的這個時候他們正在進行一個會議。(hold)Tomsaidthatthey_______________thattimethedaybefore.3.他問瑪麗是否已被送進醫(yī)院。(send)Heasked_______________.4.這書已譯成多種語言。(translate)Thebook

_______________manylanguages.5.已經多次告訴你不要觸摸這些照片。(tell)You_______________thepictures.6.他說這些書將發(fā)給學生。(give)Hesaidthatthebooks

_______________tothestudents.7.有人建議她吃這種藥。(advise)Shewas_______________.8.他說他的第一位老師至少十年前就去世了。Hesaidhisfirstteacher_______________.9.到去年末，大約二百萬個漢字翻譯成了英語。____________,about2millionChinesecharacters_______________English

.10.警察發(fā)現(xiàn)該房已被非法闖入，很多東西失竊。(breakinto)Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_______________

andalotofthings_____________.004培優(yōu)提升一、單句語法填空1.Shesaidthattheirtrain____________(arrive)infiveminutes.2.Mymotheraskedme__________Ihadfinishedthehomework.3.TomtoldmethathewouldhelpmewithmyEnglish____nextday.4.Theteachertoldtheboysandgirlsthatthesun_____(rise)intheeast.5.Theoldmanaskedmybrotherwhathe________(do)therethedaybefore.