2024年人教版高二英語(yǔ)講義（選擇性必第三冊(cè)）Unit 3 Environmental Protection：Period 1 Reading and Thinking（學(xué)案）（解析版）

選擇性必修第三冊(cè)Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionPeriod1ReadingandThinking001預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)Ⅰ單詞認(rèn)讀關(guān)(先填后記誦)一、基礎(chǔ)詞匯記其形1.

____________

vt.

&

n.

排放；釋放；發(fā)布2.

____________

vt.

維持；遭受；承受住3.

____________

adj.

可持續(xù)的；合理利用的4.

____________

adj.

全部的；所有的；詳盡的5.

____________

adv.

遍及全球地

adj.

世界各地的；影響全世界的6.

____________

n.

趨勢(shì)；趨向；動(dòng)向7.

____________

adv.

頻繁地；經(jīng)常8.

____________

n.

政策；方針；原則9.

____________

vt.

限制；限定；束縛10.

________

vi.

&

vt.

改革；（使）改正；改造

n.

改革；變革；改良11.

____________

adj.

適度的；中等的；溫和的

vi.

&

vt.

緩和；使適中12.

____________

vt.

&

vi.

提交；呈遞；屈服13.

____________

adj.

每年的；一年的

n.

年刊；年鑒14.

____________

adj.

敏感的；善解人意的；靈敏的1.

release

vt.

&

n.

排放；釋放；發(fā)布2.

sustain

vt.

維持；遭受；承受住3.

sustainable

adj.

可持續(xù)的；合理利用的4.

comprehensive

adj.

全部的；所有的；詳盡的5.

worldwide

adv.

遍及全球地

adj.

世界各地的；影響全世界的6.

trend

n.

趨勢(shì)；趨向；動(dòng)向7.

frequently

adv.

頻繁地；經(jīng)常8.

policy

n.

政策；方針；原則9.

restrict

vt.

限制；限定；束縛10.

reform

vi.

&

vt.

改革；（使）改正；改造

n.

改革；變革；改良11.

moderate

adj.

適度的；中等的；溫和的

vi.&vt.

緩和；使適中12.

submit

vt.

&

vi.

提交；呈遞；屈服13.

annual

adj.

每年的；一年的

n.

年刊；年鑒14.

sensitive

adj.

敏感的；善解人意的；靈敏的二、核心詞匯記中變1.starvevi.&vt.(使)挨餓；餓死→____________n.餓死→____________adj.極餓的2.habitableadj.適合居住的→____________adj.不適宜居住的3.sustainvt.維持；遭受；承受住→____________adj.可持續(xù)的；合理利用的→____________n.持續(xù)性；能維持性4.frequentadj.頻繁的；時(shí)常發(fā)生的v.常去，常到→____________adv.頻繁地；經(jīng)?！鷂___________n.頻率；頻繁5.restrictvt.限制；限定；束縛→____________n.限制規(guī)定；限制法規(guī)；約束→____________adj.受限制的6.harmonyn.協(xié)調(diào)；和睦；融洽→____________adj.和諧的7.moderateadj.適度的；中等的；溫和的vi.&vt.緩和；使適中→____________n.適度；適中；合理8.submitvt.&vi.提交；呈遞；屈服→____________n.提交(物)；呈遞(書(shū))；屈服9.annualadj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鑒→____________adv.每年地10.smogn.煙霧(煙與霧混合的空氣污染物)→____________adj.煙霧彌漫的11.originn.起源；源頭；起因→____________adj.最初的；原始的→____________adv.最初；起初→____________vi.&vt.起源；發(fā)源；創(chuàng)立1.starvevi.&vt.(使)挨餓；餓死→starvationn.餓死→starvingadj.極餓的2.habitableadj.適合居住的→inhabitableadj.不適宜居住的3.sustainvt.維持；遭受；承受住→sustainableadj.可持續(xù)的；合理利用的→sustainabilityn.持續(xù)性；能維持性4.frequentadj.頻繁的；時(shí)常發(fā)生的v.常去，常到→frequentlyadv.頻繁地；經(jīng)?！鷉requencyn.頻率；頻繁5.restrictvt.限制；限定；束縛→restrictionn.限制規(guī)定；限制法規(guī)；約束→restrictedadj.受限制的6.harmonyn.協(xié)調(diào)；和睦；融洽→harmoniousadj.和諧的7.moderateadj.適度的；中等的；溫和的vi.&vt.緩和；使適中→moderationn.適度；適中；合理8.submitvt.&vi.提交；呈遞；屈服→submissionn.提交(物)；呈遞(書(shū))；屈服9.annualadj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鑒→annuallyadv.每年地10.smogn.煙霧(煙與霧混合的空氣污染物)→smoggyadj.煙霧彌漫的11.originn.起源；源頭；起因→originaladj.最初的；原始的→originallyadv.最初；起初→originatevi.&vt.起源；發(fā)源；創(chuàng)立三、閱讀詞匯識(shí)其義1.

graph

____________________2.

emission

____________________3.

melt

____________________4.

starve

____________________5.

seal

____________________6.

ecology

____________________7.

methane

____________________8.

carbon

____________________9.

dioxide

____________________10.

carbondioxide

____________________11.

habitable

____________________12.

fossil

____________________13.

fuel

____________________14.

fossilfuel

____________________15.

broadcast

____________________16.

footprint

____________________17.

restriction

____________________18.

seize ____________________19.

basin

____________________20.

penguin

____________________21.

undergo

____________________22.

implement ____________________23.

harmonious

____________________24.

tropical

____________________25.

chaos

____________________26.

onbehalfof

____________________27.

nuclear

____________________28.

jungle

____________________29.

smog

____________________30.

originate ____________________1.

graph

n.

圖；圖表；曲線圖2.

emission

n.

排放物；散發(fā)物；排放3.

melt

vi.

&

vt.

（使）融化；熔化；軟化4.

starve

vi.

&

vt.

（使）挨餓；餓死5.

seal

n.

海豹6.

ecology

n.

生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)7.

methane

n.

甲烷；沼氣8.

carbon

n.

碳9.

dioxide

n.

二氧化物10.

carbondioxide

二氧化碳11.

habitable

adj.

適合居住的12.

fossil

n.

化石13.

fuel

n.

燃料；刺激性言行14.

fossilfuel

化石燃料（如煤或石油）15.

broadcast

vt.

&

vi.

播送；廣播；傳播

n.

廣播節(jié)目；電視節(jié)目16.

footprint

n.

足跡；（某物所占的）空間量；面積17.

restriction

n.

限制規(guī)定；限制法規(guī)；約束18.

seize

vt.

抓?。粖Z??；控制19.

basin

n.

流域；盆地；盆20.

penguin

n.

企鵝21.

undergo

vt.

經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受（變化、不快等）22.

implement

vt.

使生效；貫徹；執(zhí)行23.

harmonious

adj.

和諧的24.

tropical

adj.

熱帶的；來(lái)自熱帶的25.

chaos

n.

混亂；雜亂；紊亂26.

onbehalfof

代表（代替）某人27.

nuclear

adj.

原子能的；核能的；原子核的28.

jungle

n.

（熱帶）叢林；密林29.

smog

n.

煙霧（煙與霧混合的空氣污染物）30.

originate

vi.&vt.

起源；發(fā)源；創(chuàng)立Ⅱ語(yǔ)塊記誦關(guān)(先填后記誦)1 ____________________正在融化的冰2 ____________________為……提供依據(jù)/證據(jù)3 ____________________急劇變化4 ____________________皮包骨5 ____________________吸收熱量6 ____________________維系生命7 ____________________大量的8 ____________________化石燃料9 ____________________付出巨大的代價(jià)10 ____________________持久的變化11 ____________________制定政策12 ____________________抓住機(jī)會(huì)13 ____________________規(guī)劃；安排14 ____________________因果1 meltingice 正在融化的冰2 provideevidenceof 為……提供依據(jù)/證據(jù)3 adramaticchange 急劇變化4 skinandbones 皮包骨5 traptheheat 吸收熱量6 sustainlife 維系生命7 hugeamountsof 大量的8 fossilfuels 化石燃料9 payahighprice 付出巨大的代價(jià)10 long-lastingchanges 持久的變化11 makepolicies 制定政策12 seizetheopportunity 抓住機(jī)會(huì)13 mapout 規(guī)劃；安排14 causeandeffect 因果Ⅲ.佳句賞析關(guān)(先賞后譯)1.ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，地球正變得越來(lái)越溫暖。2.Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore,soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.專(zhuān)家稱(chēng)，氣候變化導(dǎo)致的海冰面降低意味著北極熊無(wú)法像以前那樣捕食海豹，于是它只能長(zhǎng)途跋涉去尋找食物。002語(yǔ)篇理解Step1Pre-reading1.What’shappeninginthevideo?Whereisit?2.Whatcausesthisphenomenon?Answer:1.ThevideoshowedusGlaciermelting,wecanseealargepieceoficebreakingoffalargeglacier.ItislikelytobeintheArcticorAntarcticaorsomewherenearby.2.Globalwarmingcausesit.TherisingtemperatureoftheEarthistheprimaryreasonglaciershavestartedtomeltmore,andthisclimatechangecanbedirectlytiedbacktohumanactivity.Step2While-readingTask1:Fastreading1.Lookatthetitleandgraphofthepassage,Whatkindofreadingpassageisit?Howdoyouknow?2.Whatisthegraphabout?Whatinformationcanyougetfromit?3.Findthekeysentenceofeachparagraphandsummarizethemainideaofeachpart.Task2:Readfordetails1.ReadPara1-2andanswerthequestions:Whathappenedtothepolarbearinthephoto?Whydidthewriterwriteaboutit?Whatevidenceofclimatechangecanyoufindinthesetwoparagraphs?Findthecauseandeffectthatcanshowhowclimatechangehasinfluencedthepolarbear’slife?2.ReadPara3andfindinformationabout“greenhouseeffect”.3.ReadPara4andsortoutthetextinformationrelationship.4.ReadPara5andanswerthequestions:Howcanindividualsreduce“carbonfootprint”?Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthistext?答案：Task1.1.Expositorytext(說(shuō)明文)Becauseintheexpositorytext,theauthorssometimesusesomegraphsordiagramsintheiressaysinordertoconvincetheirreaders.Thesegraphsanddiagramsoftencomefromscientificresearchreportsandotherreliableresources.2.ThegraphshowsthechangeintheGlobalSurfaceTemperaturebetween1920and2016.Itshowsthetemperatureanomaly(反?，F(xiàn)象),whichshowshowmuchthetemperaturehasrisenabovewhatitwouldusuallybeatabaselevel.3.Task21.Para.1-2Thepolarbearinthephotodiedofstarvation.Thewriterwroteaboutitbecauseitshowedoneoftheeffectsofrisingtemperaturesduetoclimatechange.Awarmingoceanandatmospherealongwithmeltingiceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidenceofadramaticchangeintheglobalclimate.2.Para.33.Para.44.Para.5Weasindividualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”byrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.Theauthor’spurposeistoinformthereadersandinspirethemtodowhatevertheycantodealwiththisproblem.Step3Post-reading1.Doyouthinkclimatechangeistheresultofhumanactivity?Giveyourreasons.2.Whodoyouthinkshouldtakeresponsibilityfordealingwithclimatechange?Whatcanwedo?1.Idothinkthatclimatechangeistheresultofhumanactivitiesbecausethemajorityofscientistsalsothinkso,andalsobecauseglobaltemperatureshavefollowedtheriseinglobalemissionsandpopulation.2.Ithinkweallneedtotakeresponsibilityfordealingwithit.Individualscanchangetheirbehaviourandtrytoreducetheircarbonfootprint,whilecompaniesandgovernmentscandothesameonthelargerscale.Step4HomeworkSearchforsomerulesandregulationssetupbythegovernmentandexplainthecoreideaasmuchaspossiblenextperiod.003語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)Part1核心詞匯1.starvevi.&vt.(使)挨餓；餓死→starvationn.饑餓；餓死→starvingadj.極餓的【用法歸納】starvetodeath餓死bestarvingforsth渴望某物bestarvingtodosth渴望做某事dieof/fromstarvation餓死【學(xué)以致用】單句語(yǔ)法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Whatshockedthescientistswasthatmanysealsdiedfrom__________(starve)becausetheycouldn’tfindenoughfoodtoeat.②I__________________studyEnglishwell，becausemasteringEnglishmeanswecanseetheworldthroughanewwindow.我渴望學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，因?yàn)檎莆沼⒄Z(yǔ)意味著我們可以通過(guò)一個(gè)新窗口看世界。答案starvation,amstarvingto2.seizevt.抓住；奪??；控制；理解【用法歸納】seizesbbythearm抓住某人的胳膊seizeachance/anopportunity抓住機(jī)會(huì)表情感的名詞＋seizesb＝sbbeseizedwith/by＋表情感的名詞，表示“某人感到……”【學(xué)以致用】猜測(cè)詞義/補(bǔ)全句子①Janewasquicktoseizethemeaningofwhattheteachersaidatthemeeting.vt._________②Giventhatyoudon’tgetalongwellwithoralEnglish，___________________________________________________________________.(建議信)鑒于你口語(yǔ)不好，我強(qiáng)烈建議你抓住每個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。③ThemomentIsawmyfather’scloudyface，____________________________________________________.我一看到父親陰云密布的臉，就感到恐懼。答案理解,Istronglysuggestthatyou(should)seizeeverychancetospeakEnglish,panicseizedme/Iwasseizedwith/bypanic3.submitvt.&vi.提交；呈遞；屈服→submissionn.提交(物)；呈遞(書(shū))；屈服【用法歸納】submitsthtosb將某物提交給某人submit(oneself)to屈從于……【學(xué)以致用】單句語(yǔ)法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①I(mǎi)nspiteofchallengesandhardshipsinmydailylife，Ideclinetosubmit________them.②And_______________________________________________Englishcorner@126.combeforeMay30，2023.記得在2023年5月30日前將你的論文提交到Englishcorner@126.com。答案to,remembertosubmityouressay(s)to4.onbehalfofsb代表(代替)某人【用法歸納】onone’sbehalf代表某人representsb代表某人standfor代表，象征【學(xué)以致用】一句多譯代表學(xué)生會(huì)，我寫(xiě)信邀請(qǐng)您下周三下午3點(diǎn)到5點(diǎn)給我們做講座。(邀請(qǐng)信)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案→OnbehalfoftheStudentUnion，I’mwritingtoinviteyoutogiveusalecturefrom3：00pmto5：00pmnextWednesday.→RepresentingtheStudentUnion，I’mwritingtoinviteyoutogiveusalecturefrom3：00pmto5：00pmnextWednesday.Part2核心句型ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，地球正變得越來(lái)越溫暖。The“natural”greenhouseeffectreferstothefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth’ssurfaceasshort-waveradiation.“天然”溫室效應(yīng)指的是來(lái)自太陽(yáng)的熱量以短波輻射的形式進(jìn)入大氣層，使地表變暖。【句式分析】同位語(yǔ)從句：大多由從屬連詞_____引導(dǎo),常常跟在order,report,wish,decision,suggestion,belief,doubt,fact,hope,message,news等抽象名詞的____，一般用來(lái)解釋或說(shuō)明這些名詞的具體含義或內(nèi)容?！緦W(xué)以致用】Theyexpressedthehope_______theywouldcomeovertoChinasoon.Wordhascome_______someAmericanguestswillcometoourcollegeforavisitnextweek.Hecan’tanswerthequestion_______hegotthemoneyfromhishomeyesterday.Doyouhaveanyidea_______isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?Theproblem________weshouldhavethemeetinginthehallnowmustbedecidedatonce.that,后面that.that,how,what,whetherAwarmingoceanandatmospherealongwithmeltingiceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidenceofadramaticchangeintheglobalclimate.海洋和大氣變暖，以及冰層融化、海平面上升，都為全球氣候急劇變化提供了依據(jù)?！揪涫椒治觥縜longwith連接前后兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和________那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致，即“就遠(yuǎn)原則”。【學(xué)以致用】Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_________(offer)tothenationasagift.Allbutone_____(be)herejustnow.WeChat,aswellasDingTalk,__________(play)animportantpartindailycommunicationnowadays.前面的isoffered,were,playingAnexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.一位長(zhǎng)期研究北極熊的專(zhuān)家說(shuō)，從尸體的姿勢(shì)看，這只像是餓死的?！揪涫椒治觥縄amreallysorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Hewasbelievedtohavebeenareporter.Iexpecttohavereadthebookbytheweekend.Imeanttohavecalledyoulastnight.動(dòng)詞不定式完成時(shí)Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore,soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.專(zhuān)家稱(chēng)，氣候變化導(dǎo)致的海冰面降低意味著北極熊無(wú)法像以前那樣捕食海豹，于是它只能長(zhǎng)途跋涉去尋找食物?！揪涫椒治觥縞ausedbyclimatechange在句中作____________?！緦W(xué)以致用】Pricesofdailygoods__________(buy)throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanall-expense-______(pay)vacationtoChina.Thedisco,digitallyrecordedinthestudio,________(sound)fantasticatthepartynow.后置定語(yǔ)bought,paid,soundsGreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide,trapsomeoftheheat,keepingEarth’sclimatewarmandhabitable.大氣層中甲烷、二氧化碳等溫室氣體吸收了部分熱量，從而使地球保持氣候溫暖、適宜居住。【句式分析】v-ing短語(yǔ)在句子中作__________?！緦W(xué)以致用】___________(consider)thereasonsmentionedabove,weshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestoprotectourenvironment.Theleaderstayedupallnight,_________(think)ofwhattodothenextday.____________________(notreceive)herreply,hedecidedtosendanothere-mailtoher.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)Considering,thinking,NothavingreceivedThereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide,notonlycausingseriousdamage,butalsocostinghumanlives.確鑿、全面的證據(jù)表明，溫度上升導(dǎo)致全球極端天氣和自然災(zāi)害增多，不僅造成嚴(yán)重破壞，而且使人喪命?！揪涫椒治觥縖構(gòu)詞法]“-wide”表示“……范圍內(nèi)的（地）”statewide_________________countrywide_______________industrywide_______________全州范圍內(nèi)的（地），全國(guó)性的，全行業(yè)的004隨堂小練Part1動(dòng)詞的形式變化和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1.Onlywhenwepracticespeaking，reading，andwritingEnglish_________(frequent)canitbeupgradedtoahigherlevel.2.Withthemoderatemeasures，wewouldbuilda_________(harmony)societyinthefuture.3.Weasindividualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”by_________(restrict)theamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.4.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceourcountry_________(reform)in1978.5.Itwasbuilt_________(origin)toprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)6.Itwaswrittenin1946，sincewhentheeducationsystem_________(undergo)greatchanges.7.Toourshock，manychildreninunderdevelopedregionsdieof_________(starve).8.Haveyousubmittedyourproposals？Dokeepinmindthatthefinaldateforthe_________(submit)isMay15.【答案】1.frequently2.harmonious3.restricting4.reformed5.originally6.hasundergone7.starvation8.submissionPart2課文語(yǔ)法填空CLIMATECHANGEREQUIRESTHEWORLD’SATTENTIONWehaveknownaboutclimatechange__________decades.Thereislittledoubt__________Earthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph).Awarmingoceanandatmospherealongwithmeltingiceand__________(rise)sealevelsprovideevidenceofa__________(drama)changeintheglobalclimate.In2013,alotofpeoplewereshockedbyanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearthat__________(find)onNorway’sArcticislandofSvalbard.Accordingtothescientistswhofounditsdeadbody,all__________remainedofthepolarbearwas“skinandbones”.Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaid__________fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappeared__________(starve)anddied.Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevels__________(cause)byclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore,soithadtotravel__________(great)distancesinordertofindfood.This__________(alarm)caseshowedhowtheincreaseintemperaturehadanimpactonEarth’secology.Thenwhatiscausingtheincreaseintheglobalaveragesurfacetemperature?Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”__________hastwocommonmeanings:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”greenhouseeffect.The“natural”greenhouseeffectrefers__________thefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth’ssurfaceasshort-waveradiation.Theheat__________(release)backintospaceatlongerwavelengths.Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere,suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide,trapsomeoftheheat,keepingEarth’sclimatewarmand__________(habit).__________thisprocess,Earthcouldnotsustainlife.However,the“man-made”greenhouseeffecthasnowbecomeabigproblem.Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels,moreheatenergy__________(trap)intheatmosphereandcausesEarth’ssurfacetemperature__________(rise)quickly.Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidence__________theriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide,notonlycausingseriousdamage,butalso__________(cost)humanlives.Climatescientistshavewarnedthat__________wedonottakeappropriateactions,thiswarmingtrendwillprobablycontinueandtherewillbeahigherprice__________(pay).Infact,newsreportsarefrequentlybroadcastaboutextremerainstormsandheatwavescausingdeathsand__________(economy)losses.Continuedgreenhousegasemissionswillresultin__________(far)warmingandlong-lastingchangestotheglobalclimate.Thisrequirestheattentionofpeopleallovertheworld.Governmentsneedtoconsider__________(make)policiesandtakingappropriateactionsandmeasurestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.We__________individualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”byrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.Itisour__________(responsible)toseizeeveryopportunity__________(educate)everyoneaboutglobalwarming,alongwithitscausesandimpacts,becausethisisthemostseriousissue__________(affect)allofusonthisplanet.Sowhatwillyoudotohelp?【答案】for,that,rising,dramatic,wasfound,that,that,tohavestarved,caused,greater,alarming,that/which,to,isreleased,habitable,Without,istrapped,torise,that,costing,if,topay,economic,further,making,as,responsibility,toeducate,affecting005培優(yōu)提升一、完形填空Globalsurfacetemperatureslastmonthwere2.25degreeswarmerthanthe20thcenturyaverageof60.1degrees,breakingpreviousrecords,fromAugust2016,bymorethanhalfadegree,accordingtoNOAAresearchers.“Thattomeisareallyhuge1fromonerecordtothenext,”saidEllenBartow,aphysicalscientistwithNOAA’sNationalCentersforEnvironmentalInformation.Thereport2whatmillionsofpeoplehaveexperiencedinrecentmonths,includingrecord-breakingheatwavesthathavetouchedalmosteverycorneroftheglobe.Asia,Africa,NorthAmericaandSouthAmericahadtheirwarmestAugustonrecord,asdidtheArctic,EuropeandOceania—aregionthat3Australia—hadtheirsecond-warmestAugustonrecord,thereportsaid.Itwasn’tjustthelandthat4:Augustsetarecordforthehighestmonthlyseasurfacetemperatureabnormally—1.85degreesaboveaverage.Thewarmingoceans5shrinkingseaice,withAntarcticaexperiencingitsfourthcontinuousmonthwiththe6seaiceextentonrecord.Globally,seaiceextentinAugustwasabout550,000squaremileslessthanthepreviousrecordlow,setinAugust2019.“We’veseenunheard-ofwarmthintheglobalocean,andthat’sdefinitelyalarmingbecauseitseffects7beyondjustthescopeoftheocean,”Bartow-Gilliessaid.“Notonlyareyou8marinehabitats,butyouareaffectingstormcreation,you’recreatingmoreinstabilityinsomeareas,andyou’recreatingfloodingeventsinotherareas.There’sawholehostof9thatcomealongwiththesewarmeroceansurfacetemperaturesthatwe’reseeing.”Infact,thereportcomesafteraseriesofseverenatural10thatspantheglobe.Thisweek,aMediterraneanstormcausedseriousfloodinginLibya,killingmorethan11,000people.InCanada,wildfiresburnedthroughmorethan42millionacresofforeststhissummer,andseveralarestillburning.11globalwarmingwasnotthesingularcauseofanyofthesedisasters,heatingoftheEarthcontinuesto12thelikelihoodofextremeweathereventsandwildfireworldwide.“Thescientificevidenceis13—wewillcontinuetoseemoreclimaterecordsandmoreintenseandfrequentextremeweathereventsimpactingsocietyandecosystems,untilwestop14greenhousegases,”readastatementfromSamanthaBurgess,deputydirectoroftheEuropeanUnion’sCopernicusClimateChangeService,whichalso15thatthissummerwasthehottestonrecord.1．A．distance B．jump C．travel D．flight2．A．confirms B．emerges C．quotes D．a(chǎn)rgues3．A．holds B．touches C．surrounds D．includes4．A．boiled B．cooled C．stricken D．disappeared5．A．contributedto B．sufferedfrom C．resultedfrom D．devotedto6．A．slowest B．lowest C．highest D．fastest7．A．enlarge B．discharge C．extend D．undertake8．A．creating B．saving C．remaining D．disturbing9．A．issues B．debates C．events D．proposals10．A．floods B．disasters C．storms D．earthquakes11．A．Though B．Because C．Unless D．When12．A．damage B．destroy C．decrease D．increase13．A．irresistible B．unchangeable C．inaccessible D．unbearable14．A．conveying B．releasing C．relieving D．dismissing15．A．predicted B．expected C．doubted D．determined答案1．B2．A3．D4．A5．A6．B7．C8．D9．A10．B11．A12．D13．A14．B15．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局的研究人員表示，上個(gè)月全球表面溫度比20世紀(jì)的平均溫度60.1度高出2.25度，打破了自2016年8月以來(lái)的記錄，高出了半度以上。同時(shí)，文章也講述了全球氣溫升高帶來(lái)的一系列問(wèn)題。1．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，這是從一個(gè)記錄到下一個(gè)記錄的巨大飛躍，”NOAA國(guó)家環(huán)境信息中心的物理科學(xué)家埃倫·巴托(EllenBartow)說(shuō)。A.distance距離；B.jump飛躍；C.travel旅游；D.flight飛行。根據(jù)上文“breakingpreviousrecords,fromAugust2016.bymorethanhalfadegree,accordingtoNOAAresearchers.”可知此處指的是從一個(gè)記錄到下一個(gè)記錄的巨大飛躍。故選B項(xiàng)。2．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：該報(bào)告證實(shí)了近幾個(gè)月來(lái)數(shù)百萬(wàn)人所經(jīng)歷的事情，包括幾乎觸及全球每個(gè)角落的創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的熱浪。A.confirms證實(shí)；B.emerges出現(xiàn)；C.quotes引用；D.argues爭(zhēng)論。根據(jù)下文“whatmillionsofpeoplehaveexperiencedinrecentmonths,includingrecord-breakingheatwavesthathavetouchedalmosteverycorneroftheglobe.”可知，該報(bào)告證實(shí)了這些情況。故選A項(xiàng)。3．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：報(bào)告稱(chēng)，亞洲、非洲、北美和南美經(jīng)歷了有記錄以來(lái)最熱的8月，北極、歐洲和大洋洲(包括澳大利亞在內(nèi)的地區(qū))也經(jīng)歷了有記錄以來(lái)第二熱的8月。A.holds握著；舉起；B.touches觸摸；C.surrounds圍繞；D.includes包括。根據(jù)上文“aregion”以及下文“Australia-hadtheirsecond-warmestAugustonrecord”可知，此處應(yīng)表示包括澳大利亞在內(nèi)的地區(qū)也經(jīng)歷了有記錄以來(lái)第二熱的8月。故選D項(xiàng)。4．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：高溫炙烤的不僅僅是陸地：8月份創(chuàng)下了月度海洋表面溫度異常最高的記錄——比平均溫度高1.85度。A.boiled沸騰、高溫炙烤；B.cooled冷卻；C.stricken打擊；D.disappeared消失。根據(jù)上文“Asia,Africa,NorthAmericaandSouthAmericahadtheirwarmestAugustonrecord,asdidtheArctic,EuropeandOceania—aregionthat____3____Australia—hadtheirsecond-warmestAugustonrecord,thereportsaid.”以及下文“Augustsetarecordforthehighestmonthlyseasurfacetemperatureabnormally”可知，高溫炙烤的不僅僅是陸地，海洋溫度也異常的高。故選A項(xiàng)。5．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：海洋變暖導(dǎo)致海冰萎縮，南極洲海冰面積連續(xù)第四個(gè)月處于有記錄以來(lái)的最低水平。Acontributedto導(dǎo)致；B.sufferedfrom遭受；C.resultedfrom由……引起；D.devotedto致力于。根據(jù)上文“Thewarmingoceans”以及下文“shrinkingseaice”可知此處指的是海洋變暖導(dǎo)致海冰面積連續(xù)第四個(gè)月萎縮。故選A項(xiàng)。6．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：海洋變暖導(dǎo)致海冰萎縮，南極洲海冰面積連續(xù)第四個(gè)月處于有記錄以來(lái)的最低水平。A.slowest最慢的；B.lowest最低的；C.highest最高的；D.fastest最快的。根據(jù)上文“withAntarcticaexperiencingitsfourthcontinuousmonth”以及下文的“seaiceextentonrecord.”可知此處指的是南極海冰面積達(dá)到了歷史最低水平。故選B項(xiàng)。7．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Bartow-Gillies說(shuō)：“我們?cè)谌蚝Ｑ笾锌吹搅饲八从械臏嘏?，這絕對(duì)是令人擔(dān)憂的，因?yàn)樗挠绊懗隽撕Ｑ蟮姆秶??！盇.enlarge擴(kuò)大；B.discharge釋放；解雇；C.extend擴(kuò)展；延伸；D.undertake承擔(dān)。根據(jù)下文“beyondjustthescopeoftheocean”可知，前所未有的溫暖的影響超出了海洋的范圍。extendbeyond“超出，超越”。故選C項(xiàng)。8．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：你不僅擾亂了海洋棲息地，還影響了風(fēng)暴的產(chǎn)生，在一些地區(qū)造成了更多的不穩(wěn)定，在其他地區(qū)造成了洪水事件。Acreating創(chuàng)造；B.saving節(jié)省；C.remaining仍舊；D.disturbing干擾。根據(jù)下文“marinehabitats,you’recreatingmoreinstabilityinsomeareas,andyou’recreatingfloodingeventsinotherareas.”可知此處指的是前所未有的溫暖，不僅擾亂了海洋棲息地，還影響了風(fēng)暴的產(chǎn)生。故選D項(xiàng)。9．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們所看到的海洋表面溫度升高帶來(lái)了一系列問(wèn)題。A.issues問(wèn)題；B.debates爭(zhēng)論；C.events事件；D.proposals建議。根據(jù)上文“Notonlyareyou____8____marinehabitats,butyou’reaffectingstormcreation,you’recreatingmoreinstabilityinsomeareas,andyou’recreatingfloodingeventsinotherareas.”以及下文“thesewarmeroceansurfacetemperaturesthatwe’reseeing”可知，我們所看到的海洋表面溫度升高帶來(lái)了一系列問(wèn)題。故選A項(xiàng)。10．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，該報(bào)告是在全球范圍內(nèi)一系列嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害之后發(fā)布的。A.floods洪水；B.disasters災(zāi)難；C.storms暴風(fēng)；D.earthquakes地震。根據(jù)下文“Thisweek,aMediterraneanstormcausedseriousfloodinginLibya,killingmorethan11,000people.InCanada,wildfiresburnedthroughmorethan42millionacresofforeststhissummer,andseveralarestillburning.”以及“globalwarmingwasnotthesingularcauseofanyofthesedisasters,”可知，此處指的是全球范圍內(nèi)一系列嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害。故選B項(xiàng)。11．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然全球變暖不是造成這些災(zāi)害的唯一原因，但地球變暖繼續(xù)增加世界范圍內(nèi)極端天氣事件和野火發(fā)生的可能性。A.Though雖然；B.Because因?yàn)?；C.Unless除非；D.When當(dāng)……時(shí)候。根據(jù)下文“globalwarmingwasnotthesingularcauseofanyofthesedisasters”以及“thelikelihoodofextremeweathereventsandwildfireworldwide.”可知此處上下文的語(yǔ)意為讓步轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用表示讓步轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞though。故選A項(xiàng)。12．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然全球變暖不是造成這些災(zāi)害的唯一原因，但地球變暖繼續(xù)增加世界范圍內(nèi)極端天氣事件和野火發(fā)生的可能性。A.damage傷害；B.destroy破壞；C.decrease減少；D.increase增加。根據(jù)下文“thelikelihoodofextremeweathereventsandwildfireworldwide.”可知全球變暖會(huì)繼續(xù)增加世界范圍內(nèi)極端天氣事件和野火發(fā)生的可能性。故選D項(xiàng)。13．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：科學(xué)證據(jù)是不可抗拒的。A.irresistible不可抗拒的；B.unchangeable無(wú)法改變的；C.inaccessible難到達(dá)的；D.unbearable無(wú)法忍受的。根據(jù)下文“wewillcontinuetoseemoreclimaterecordsandmoreintenseandfrequentextremeweatherevents”可知，此處指的是我們將繼續(xù)看到更多的氣候記錄和更強(qiáng)烈、更頻繁的極端天氣事件，因此科學(xué)證據(jù)是不可抗拒的。故選A項(xiàng)。14．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們將繼續(xù)看到更多的氣候記錄和更強(qiáng)烈、更頻繁的極端天氣事件影響社會(huì)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，直到我們停止釋放溫室氣體。A.conveying傳達(dá)；B.releasing釋放；C.relieving減輕；D.dismissing解雇。根據(jù)上文“wewillcontinuetoseemoreclimaterecordsandmoreintenseandfrequentextremeweathereventsimpactingsocietyandecosystems,untilwestop”以及下文“greenhousegases”可知此處指的是直到我們停止釋放溫室氣體，這些情況才有可能有所改觀。故選B項(xiàng)。15．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：該中心也確定今年夏天是有記錄以來(lái)最熱的。Apredicted預(yù)計(jì)；B.expected期待；C.doubted懷疑；D.determined確定。根據(jù)下文“thissummerwasthehottestonrecord”以及空前的“also”可知，該中心也確定今年夏天是有記錄以來(lái)最熱的。故選D項(xiàng)。一、語(yǔ)法填空1.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Nature’sLungsWeknowthattreesarenature’spurifier(凈化器):Theyabsorbcarbonemissions(碳排放)andreleaseoxygen.Buttheir16

(able)todothatchangesastheyage.AccordingtoNewsweek,trees17

areatleast20yearsoldcanabsorbcarbonbetterthanyoungeronesandolderones.AndarecentstudybyresearchersfromSouthKorea’sForestResearchInstitute18

(find)exactlyhowmuchcarbonthateach25-year-oldcherrytreecanabsorb:20pounds(9.1kilograms)eachyear.Accordingtothestudy,thereare19

(current)about1.5millioncherrytreesinSouthKorea,whichmeanstheycantakeinasmuchas13,650tonsofcarboneachyear.Thismaysoundlikealot,20

it’sonlytheannualemissionsof6,000cars.Andit’spretty21

(shock)ifyouthinkaboutit:Theannualemissionsofasingle-carrequires250maturecherrytreestoabsorb22

carbon.Yet,plantingtreesisstillconsideredthemosteffectiveway23

(reduce)globalwarming,accordingto