KS5U2024高考壓軸卷-英語（全國甲卷） 含解析

KS5U2024全國甲卷壓軸卷英語第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whendoestherainyseasonstart?A.InJanuary. B.InFebruary. C.InNovember.2.Howdoesthewoman’sfoodtaste?A.Salty. B.Hot. C.Sweet.3.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent. B.Fatheranddaughter. C.Schoolfriends.4.Whichroomhasthemanfinisheddecorating?A.Thebathroom. B.Thekitchen. C.Thelivingroom.5.Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?A.Adoctor. B.Acoach. C.Anathlete.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7兩個小題。6.WhatdoesMiyakowanttodo?A.Makeacall. B.Sendacard. C.Holdaparty.7.Whatisthemandoing?A.Makinganapology. B.Givinganexplanation. C.Sharinganexperience.聽下面一段對話，回答第8至第10三個小題。8.WhatdidDaviddolastnight?A.Heplayedvolleyball. B.Hewatchedtelevision. C.Hereadthenewspaper.9.WhattimewillthematchonSaturdayafternoonstart?A.At2:30. B.At3:00. C.At3:30.10.WhatwillLisadofirst?A.Talkwithhermom. B.GiveDavidacall. C.Takeapianolesson.聽下面一段對話，回答第11至第13三個小題。11.Wheredidthemanmostprobablylosehisphone?A.Inarestaurant. B.Attheworkplace. C.Ontheunderground.12.Whatwillthemandobeforefiveo’clock?A.Meetthewoman. B.Buyanewphone. C.Makeacalltothebank.13.Howdoesthemanfeelintheend?A.Surprised. B.Grateful. C.Doubtful.聽下面一段對話，回答第14至第16三個小題。14.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisoffice?A.Hisofficeisrichlydecorated.B.Hehasusedthisofficeforaweek.C.Hisofficespaceisspaciousenough.15.Whydoesthemanneedawebcameraforhiscomputer?A.Torecordhistripnextweek.B.Tocollectcost-effectivewebcameras.C.Tocommunicatewithoverseasscholars.16.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Howtochooseanofficechair.B.Howtoprepareforanonlinemeeting.C.HowtoimproveProfessorWhite’soffice.聽下面一段獨白，回答第17至第20四個小題。17.Whatdoesthespeakerfocuson?A.Whatcoursesthecollegeoffers.B.Whytoday’sstudentsneedexercise.C.Howtoday’sstudentsspendtheirmoney.18.WhatdoesSarahspendlessmoneyon?A.Transport. B.Food. C.Clothes.19.Wholovescycling?A.Colin. B.Jack. C.Sarah.20.HowdoesDianagethermoney?A.Bysellingalotofbooks.B.Byaskingherparentsforit.C.Bysellingclothesmadeonherown.\第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ABeaumontHospitalisproudofitsreputationnationallyandinternationallyasanacademicteachinghospitalprovidingexcellenceinpatientcare,medicaleducation,innovationandresearch.Ouraimistodeliverthehighestqualityofcaretoourpatients,excellenttrainingtoourstudentsandafriendlyandprofessionalenvironmentforourstaff.PositionSummaryTheChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO)isresponsiblefordrivingtheoverallstrategicdirection,operationsandperformanceofBeaumontHospital,anditsrelatedservicesandresources,withinpolicydirectionslaiddownbytheHospitalBoardandtheDepartmentofHealth/HSEtodelivereffectiveandefficientpatientcare.Thisisacrucialleadershiproleresponsiblefordrivingstrategicgrowthinitiativesandprovidingstrategicoversight,supportandclearleadershiptotheExecutiveManagementTeamwithinBeaumontHospital.TheHospitalisintheprocessofdevelopinganew5-YearStrategicPlan.ThesuccessfulcandidatewillcarryouttheagreedvisionforthefutureofBeaumontHospital,maintaintheHospital’scommitmenttodeliveringpatient-centredcaretothehigheststandardsofclinicalpractice,healthcareeducation,research,andinnovation,andpromoteanorganizationalculturethatisopento,andempowersinnovation,creativityandlearninginaclinicalsetting.InformalConfidentialinquiriesto:MsPaulinePhilipChair,BeaumontHospitalBoardTel:＋353(1)7974260InterestedcandidatesshouldapplybysendingtheirCVandcoverletterto:MrJohnPepper,HumanResourcesDepartmentBeaumontHospital,Dublin9IrelandEmail:hrdirector@beaumont.ieForamoredetailedjobdescriptionbrochurepleaseaccesswww.beaumont.ie/careersClosingdate:4thDecember2023.InterviewswillbeheldbeforetheendofDecember,2023.1.WhatistheCEOofBeaumontHospitalprimarilyinchargeof?A.Makinganew5-YearPlan. B.ManagingtheHospitalBoard.C.Guidingthestrategicdirection. D.Layingdownpolicydirections.2.Towhomcancandidatesmakecertaininquiries?A.MsPaulinePhilip. B.TheHRdirector. C.MrJohnPepper. D.TheChiefExecutiveOfficer.3.Inwhichsectionofanewspaperdoesthistextprobablyappear?A.CloudHospitalServices. B.MedicalGuidance.C.MedicalExpertColumn. D.CareerOpportunities.BInherlatestgardeningstory,JessicaDamianotellsofthegardenpestsanddiseasesshehasseeninherplants.Shesuggestsactingquicklywhendealingwiththeseissues,astheycanrapidlyspreadandcausesignificantdamagetoplanthealthandgrowth.Hermeasurealwaysbeginswiththegentlesttreatmentpossible.Sheonlyintensifieshertreatmentswhennecessary.Eventhen,shehasherlimits.Damianosaysshewouldratherloseaflowerorvegetableplantthanusestrongchemicals.Inthecaseofhertomatoplants,Damianocaughttheaphids,apest,early.Shewashedthemoffandremovedtheonesthatwouldnotcomeoffbyusingherfingersundermovingwater.Hadtheinvasionbeensevereorthewaterandfingerremovalmethodbeenineffective,shewouldhaveusedNeemoil.ThisorganicoilfromNeemtreeseeds,killsaphidsandissafeforplantsthatwillbeconsumed.However,shewouldapplyitaftersunsetwhenhelpfulinsectsarelessactive.Onthesameday,DamianoalsofoundscarletlilybeetlesonherAsiaticlilyplants.Theycoverthemselvesinwaste.Thismakesthemlessappealingtothosethatwouldwanttoeatthem.Butthecoatingalsoprotectsthemfromchemicals,makingthemdifficulttoremove.Tofightagainstthem,shephysicallytappedthebeetlesintoamixtureofwater,soap,vinegar,orhouseholdcleaners.Herrhododendron,afloweringplant,gotattackedbyapestcalledazaleabarkscalelastsummer.Whenshenoticedthereturnofthesewhiteinsectsthisyear,sheimmediatelyremovedtheinfestedleaves.Fortheremainingleaveswithafewpests,shewasabletoremovethembytouchingeachinsectwithsomerubbingalcohol.Byworkingearly,Damianoslowedorstoppedinfestationsthatcouldhavekilledherplants.Thesamewouldbetruefordiseases,manyofwhichalsorespondbettertoearlytreatments.4.WhatdoesJessicadowithgardenpestsinitially?A.Actquicklywithchemicals. B.Trytoremovethemmanually.C.Getridoftheplantswiththem. D.Allowthemtospreadnaturally.5.WhenwillJessicauseNeemoiltocontrolaphids?A.Theyappearonherplants. B.Shenoticessomesignsofthem.C.Helpfulinsectsdisappear. D.Hermanualmethoddoesn’twork.6.WhatisthepurposeofJessica’sstory?A.Toinformreadersabouttypesofgardenpestsanddiseases.B.Toencouragereaderstouseorganicmethodsforpestcontrol.C.Toshareherpersonalexperiencewithgardenpestsanddiseases.DTowarnreadersaboutthedangersofusingstrongchemicalsonplants.7.WhatcanbeinferredfromJessica’sgardeningpractice?A.Leavingthepestsunattendedhelpshergardenrecover.B.Removingallherplantstofightagainstpestsworksbest.C.Usingstrongchemicalsasearlyaspossiblefunctionsbest.D.Handlinggardenpestsanddiseasesearlyturnsouteffective.CIntheU.S.,arecenttrendshowsagrowingdemandfornaturalwine,whichattachesimportancetominimalprocessingandeco-friendliness.However,IWSRDrinksMarketAnalysisindicatesthatthesewinesstillmakeuplessthanonepercentofsalesin2021.Despiteageneraldeclineinwinebuyerssince2015,demandfornaturalwinesisontheriseatasignificantpace,assaidbyDrizly,anonlinealcoholdeliveryservice.Naturalwinestypicallyuseorganicgrapes,avoidingchemicalsforpestandweedcontrol.Traditionalmethodslikefoottreading(踩)aresometimesemployedforcrushinggrapes.Afterwards,thecrushedgrapesferment(發(fā)酵)naturally.Manufacturersdon’taddwater,yeastorothersubstances.Therearesomeexceptions.Somenaturalwinemakersaddextrasulfitesforpreservation.Othersclarifythewinetogetridofanysmallpiecethatcouldmakeitlookcloudy,resultingintheearthyanduniqueflavor.However,themarketfacesbarriersduetoalackofsetdefinitionsfornaturalwine,creatingconfusionandmarketingchallenges.AsProfessorAnitaOberholsterfromUCDavissuggests,defining“naturalwine”couldhelpitsgrowth.Yet,industryopinionsvaryonregulation:whilesomesupportofficialguidelines,others,likeJohnKellerofNeuCellars,worryabouthighercostsinvolvedwithcertification.CEOofVinovest,AnthonyZhangseesanotherproblem.Somewinecompaniesareprofitingusinglabelingcontentlikeimagerythatsuggeststheirwinemakingisnaturalwhentheyarenot.TheEuropeanUnionhastakenmeasurestostopthisbyrequiringwinessoldinitsmarketstolistallcontainedsubstances,startingDecember.It’sexpectedthattheU.S.maysoonadoptsimilarregulations,increasingtransparencyforconsumers.Withtheseadvancements,buyersmaysoonbeabletomakemoreinformedpurchases.8.Whydoesthedemandfornaturalwinegrow?A.Itsflavorisbetterthanotherwines’. B.Consumers’preferencehaschanged.C.Drizlyhasstarteditsonlinedelivery. D.Itsproductionprocessiseco-friendly.9.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mean?A.naturalflavors B.specialgrapes C.chemicalcompounds D.winecontainers10.What’sJohnKeller’sconcern?A.Decreaseddemandfornaturalwines. B.Thepotentialriseinproductioncosts.C.Changesinthetasteofnaturalwines. D.Lossofmodernwine-makingmethods.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.OldWaysofMakingWineGainNewFansB.MoreCompaniesAdmireNaturalElementsC.NewWaystoImproveNaturalWine’sFlavorD.MoreStrategiestoPromoteNaturalWineWellDAirpollutionremainsacriticalhealthriskintheEuropeanUnion,claimingover500,000livesin2021,withfindingssuggestingnearlyhalfofthesecouldhavebeenpreventedifpollutionwerereducedtolevelsrecommendedbyhealthexperts.DatafromtheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency(EEA)showthatofthesedeaths,253,000werelinkedtoexposuretofineparticulatematter(PM2.5)goingbeyondtheWorldHealthOrganization’s(WHO)guidelinelimitof5microgramspercubicmeter.Theseparticlesareespeciallydangerousastheycanpassintothebloodstreamandaffectvariousorgans.Nitrogendioxideandozonealsocontributedtothemortality(死亡頻率)statistics,associatedwith52,000and22,000deathsrespectively.TheEU’senvironmentcommissioner,VirginijusSinkevicius,underlinedthatairpollutionposesthetopenvironmentalhealthriskintheEU.Nevertheless,thereisevidenceofimprovement,withdeathsfromPM2.5decreasingby41%between2005and2021,andtheEUtargetsareductionof55%by2030.Inresponsetotheseconcerns,theWHO,whichupdateditsairqualityguidelinesin2021,warnsthatnolevelofairpollutioncanbeconsideredsafebuthassetupperlimitsforcertainpollutants.TheEuropeanParliamentvotetobringtheEU’sairqualitystandardsinlinewiththeWHObutdecidedtodelaydoingsountil2035.Sinkeviciussaidthatairqualityisindeedimprovingduetoeffectivecleanairpolicies.Beyonddeathcounts,theEEAalsoassessedairpollution’sbroaderimpactondiseasessuchasasthma,chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease,anddiabetes,stressingnotonlymortalitybutthequalityoflifeimpacts.EEAresearcherAlbertoGonzalezOrtizpointedtoseveredisabilitystatescausedbytheseconditions,worsenedbyairpollution.TheEEA’scomprehensiveapproachshowsthatwhilethefightagainstairpollutionhasseenprogress,immediateactionisstillcriticaltoreducepollutionandreduceitswidespreadeffectsonpublichealth.12.WhydoestheauthormentionspecificfiguresinParagraph1?A.TostresstheriskofPM2.5intheEU. B.Toillustratetheimpactofairpollution.C.Toprovetheimprovementinairpollution. D.ToshowtheguidelinesofEEAlosecontrol.13.WhatdidtheWHOdofortheconcerns?A.Itadjustedairqualitystandardsaccordingly.B.Itdidn’tperformthenewlimitsuntil2035.C.Itclaimedcurrentpollutionlevelswererelativelysafe.D.Itdecidedtochangetheguidelinescompletely.14HowdidSinkeviciusfeelabouttheairqualityinthetext?A.Concernedaboutitspolicies. B.Indifferentduetoitslevel.C.Uncertainaboutitsimpact. D.Optimisticaboutitsprogress.15.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?A.TheimpactofwisedecisionsonairpollutionintheEU.B.Thespecifichealthconditionsworsenedbyairpollution.C.Theprogressandchallengesindealingwithairpollution.D.TheroleoftheWHOinestablishingglobalhealthpolicies.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifyouunderstandthefableofthefrogintheboilingwater,itistimetolearnhowtoavoidbecomingthefrogandmakepositivechangessothatyoucansucceedandliveyourdreamlife.Hereareafewtipsyoucanfollow.____16____Youdon’twanttogothrougheverydaywithouthavingacleardirection.Thefirstthingyouwanttodotocreateabetterfutureistoidentifywhatkindoffutureyoudesire.Onceyouhaveacleardirection,youcanrunasfastasyoucantogetthere.Makeaplanandworkoniteveryday.Besidesknowingwhatyouwant,youneedtoalsoknowwhatyouneedtodotogetthere.____17____Everyoneofuswantstohaveabetterfuture,butmostpeopledon’tknowwhattodotogetthere.Thisiswhyhavingaplanisimportant.Onceyouhaveaplan,allyouneedtodoissticktoyourplanandtakemassiveaction.Takeconsistentaction.Identifyingyourgoalsandknowingyourplanisjustafoundationsteptoachievingthesuccessyouwant.Youalsoneedtotakeactionandworkonyourgoalsifyouwanttoachievethem.____18____Improveyourselfregularly.Justlikeyourphone,youupdateyourmobilephonefromtimetotimesothatthesoftwareisthelatest.____19____Constantlyupdateandimproveyourselfsothatyoucanperformatyourbest.Ifyouwanttobefinanciallyrich,youcan’tjustdonothingaboutyourfinances.____20____Youneedtolearnhowtomanageyourwealthtoo.Alwaysrememberthestoryofthefrogintheboilingwater.AndfollowthetipsIsharedaboutto“hedge”yourselfagainsttheimpactofgradualchanges.A.Createyourfuturetoday,nottomorrow.B.Youneedtotrack,plan,invest,andsave.C.Youneedtodothesametoyourself.D.Setagoalandneverturnasidealongtheway.E.Therefore,createanactionplanforyourgoal.F.Avoidingbeing“cooked”inanenvironmentmatters.G.Youcan’tthinkaboutyourdream,justprayingoverthere.第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Iwas11whenIleftLosAngelesforthefirsttime.Mymother,wantingto____21____myrecoveryfromflu,____22____ustoYosemiteNationalPark.It’smorethansevendecades,butIstillrememberourcar____23____fromthenearlymile-longWawonaTunnel(隧道)andseeingthefamouslandscape.IknewimmediatelyIwassomewhere____24____OnceIhadmyownfamily,Idrovemychildrento____25____nationalparksthemselves.Oneofthe____26____spotswasChaco,acanyon(峽谷)intheAmericanSouthwest.WithinChaco,wecouldexplorethe____27____ofanancientcivilizationthatexistedlongbeforeEuropeans____28____thiscontinent.Wewere____29____tothehistoryofthearea,wherewe’dlearnhowChaco’sfamousancientstructures_____30_____acrossthedesertlandscape,aplacetowhichmanycommunitiesstill_____31_____connectionstoday.Steppingonthesamepathsotherswalkedoverathousandyearsagotoreachthe_____32_____oftheirworld,youfeelyourconnectiontotheland.Sometimes,Iwonderwhatthey’dthinkiftheycouldlook_____33_____intimeandseehowwe’vetreatedthenaturalworld._____34_____,thelandscapesaroundChacohavelongbeen_____35_____foroilandgasdrillingthatwill_____36_____whatwasoncethecenterofanancientcivilization.Thisiswhythegovernment’srecentdecisiontoprotectitisso_____37_____.Ancientpeoplewouldtravellongtoreachthisculturalcenter,whichhasleftbehindmysteriesthatcontinueto_____38_____us.WhileIamthankfulChacoCanyonwillgetthe_____39_____itdeserves,wemustdobetterinpreservingthelands.Evenasan11-year-oldatYosemite,Iknew_____40_____Iwassomewherespecial,andIstillgetthatfeelingtothisdayeverytimeIvisitChacoCanyon.21.A.prove B.celebrate C.ensure D.speed22A.drove B.led C.rushed D.dragged23.A.suffering B.hiding C.emerging D.starting24.A.remote B.famous C.special D.mysterious25.A.preserve B.clean C.design D.experience26.A.favorite B.convenient C.crowded D.suitable27.A.landscape B.parks C.remains D.success28.A.madeuseof B.gotridof C.paidattentionto D.setfooton29.A.committed B.drawn C.accustomed D.assigned30.A.came B.got C.went D.spread31A.ignore B.imagine C.suspect D.maintain32.A.destination B.center C.edge D.top33.A.back B.around C.forward D.out34.A.Naturally B.Unfortunately C.Joyfully D.Accidentally35.A.targeted B.meant C.exchanged D.known36.A.restore B.discover C.shelter D.damage37.A.significant B.surprising C.effective D.apparent38.A.frighten B.amuse C.confuse D.disappoint39.A.reputation B.protection C.reward D.attention40.A.immediately B.gradually C.basically D.probably第II卷(50分)注意事項：用0.5毫米黑色筆跡的簽字筆將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。第三部分語言知識運用第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。KejuwasanessentialpartoftheChinesegovernmentadministrationfromitsfoundingintheSuiDynastyuntilitwasabolishedin1905.Itwasamethodtoelectthetalentedtothegovernment____41____(office)postsinancientChina.Examinationswereheldatfourlevels.Atthefirstthreelevels,candidates____42____(test)ontheirknowledgeoftheConfucianclassics,andtheirability____43____(compose)poemsongivensubjects.Atthefinallevel,alsocalledthepalaceexamination,candidatesneededtoshow____44____theyanalyzedcontemporarypoliticalproblems.IndividualswhosucceededinthisexamwereraisedtothelevelofJinshi.____45____successrateinKejuwaslow:onlyabouttwopercentintheTangDynasty.Manycandidatesexperienced____46____(repeat)failures,andsomecontinuedtakingexamsevenwhentheybecameold,gray-hairedmen.____47____(general),anymaleadult,regardlessofhiswealthorsocialstatus,couldbecomeahigh-rankingcivilservantthroughKeju.TherearemanyexamplesinChinesehistoryofthosewhomovedfromalowsocialstatustopolitical____48____(celebrity)throughsuccessinKeju.Kejuservedasamodel____49____thecivil-servicesystemsinotherAsianandWesterncountries,suchasKoreaandJapan.Inthelate19thcenturies,the_____50_____(admit)totheBritishcivilserviceadministrationdependedonsuccessinanexaminationinclassicalstudies.第四部分：寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分)51.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。Today,I’dliketoshareyousomethingaboutmysisterwhominspiresmealot.Shehasalwaysbeenmyrolemodelsduetoherdetermination.Mysister,currentlyincollegepursuingherdreamofbecomingadoctor,havefacednumerousobstaclesalongtheway.Therefore,neverdidsheletthesesetbacksdiscourageher.Instead,sheturneditintosteppingstonesforsuccess.Herdeterminationtoachievehergoalshastaughtmethegreatlyimportanceofnevergivingup.Additionally,mysister’sabilitytofindsolutionstoanyprobleminspiresmedeeply.Andherapproachtoovercomechallengeswithasmileremindsmeofthatapositivemindsetcanovercomeanydifficulty.Inconclusion,inspiringbyherstory,Iwilltrytofollowinherfootstepsandachievemyowndreamswiththesamelevelofdetermination.第二節(jié)書面表達(滿分25分)52.你校英語園地正在征集關(guān)于友誼的英語文章。請從下面兩個觀點中，選擇一個，寫一篇英語文章投稿。觀點如下：1.Themorefriendsyouhave,thehappieryou’llbe.2.Havingafewtruefriendsisenough.注意：1.字?jǐn)?shù)100詞左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________KS5U2024全國甲卷壓軸卷英語參考答案和解析第一部分聽力（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1～5：CBBAA 6～10：ABBCA 11～15：AABCC 16～20：CCBAC第二部分：閱讀理解第一節(jié)A【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了博蒙特醫(yī)院的崗位招募通知以及職位概要。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TheChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO)isresponsiblefordrivingtheoverallstrategicdirection,operationsandperformanceofBeaumontHospital,anditsrelatedservicesandresources,withinpolicydirectionslaiddownbytheHospitalBoardandtheDepartmentofHealth/HSEtodelivereffectiveandefficientpatientcare.”（首席執(zhí)行官（CEO）負責(zé)推動博蒙特醫(yī)院的整體戰(zhàn)略方向、運營和績效，以及在醫(yī)院董事會和衛(wèi)生部/HSE制定的政策指導(dǎo)下，為患者提供有效和高效的護理。）可知，博蒙特醫(yī)院的首席執(zhí)行官主要負責(zé)引導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)略方向。故選C項。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章下面的列單信息中“InformalConfidentialinquiriesto:MsPaulinePhilip,Chair,BeaumontHospitalBoard”（非正式保密詢問：PaulinePhilip女士，博蒙特醫(yī)院董事會主席）可知，候選人可以向PaulinePhilip女士詢問某些問題。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及PositionSummary（職位概要）和列單信息中“InterestedcandidatesshouldapplybysendingtheirCVandcoverletterto:MrJohnPepper,HumanResourcesDepartment”（有意者可將簡歷及求職信寄至：人力資源部的JohnPepper先生）可知，文章主要介紹了博蒙特醫(yī)院的崗位招募通知以及職位概要。由此可推知，這篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在報紙職業(yè)機會這個版面。故選D項。第一節(jié)B【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。短文分享了JessicaDamiano

對花園病蟲害的親身經(jīng)歷?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inthecaseofhertomatoplants,Damianocaughttheaphids,apest,early.”（在種植番茄的過程中，達米亞諾很早就捕獲了一種害蟲蚜蟲）和第三段“Hadtheinvasionbeensevereorthewaterandfingerremovalmethodbeenineffective,shewouldhaveusedNeemoil.”（如果入侵嚴(yán)重，或者水和手指去除方法無效，她會使用印楝油。）可知，Jessica最初對花園害蟲是手動清除。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Hadtheinvasionbeensevereorthewaterandfingerremovalmethodbeenineffective,shewouldhaveusedNeemoil.”（如果入侵嚴(yán)重，或者水和手指去除方法無效，她會使用印楝油。）可知，手動方法不起作用，會用印楝油清理蚜蟲。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Inherlatestgardeningstory,JessicaDamianotellsofthegardenpestsanddiseasesshehasseeninherplants.Shesuggestsactingquicklywhendealingwiththeseissues,astheycanrapidlyspreadandcausesignificantdamagetoplanthealthandgrowth.”（在她最新的園藝故事中，杰西卡·達米亞諾講述了她在花園植物中看到的害蟲和疾病。她建議在處理這些問題時迅速采取行動，因為它們可以迅速傳播并對植物健康和生長造成重大損害。）以及下文她對花園病蟲害的親身經(jīng)歷推知，作者的目的是分享她對花園病蟲害的親身經(jīng)歷。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Byworkingearly,Damianoslowedorstoppedinfestationsthatcouldhavekilledherplants. Thesamewouldbetruefordiseases,manyofwhichalsorespondbettertoearlytreatments.”（通過提早工作，達米亞諾減緩或阻止了可能導(dǎo)致植物死亡的蟲害。疾病也是如此，其中許多疾病對早期治療也有更好的反應(yīng)）可知，及早處理花園病蟲害是有效的。故選D項。第一節(jié)C【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，文章主要講述了最近的一個趨勢表明，對天然葡萄酒的需求越來越大，這也導(dǎo)致了一些市場出現(xiàn)假的天然葡萄酒，購買者需要明智地選擇?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“IntheU.S.,arecenttrendshowsagrowingdemandfornaturalwine,whichattachesimportancetominimalprocessingandeco-friendliness.(在美國，最近的一項趨勢表明，對天然葡萄酒的需求越來越大，這種葡萄酒重視最低限度的加工和生態(tài)友好。)”可知，對天然葡萄酒的需求增大是因為天然葡萄酒重視最低限度的加工和生態(tài)友好，故其生產(chǎn)過程是生態(tài)友好型的，故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞sulfites前文“Manufacturersdon’taddwater,yeastorothersubstances.Therearesomeexceptions.(制造商不添加水、酵母和其他物質(zhì)。也有一些例外。)”可知，前文提到也有例外的制造商會加?xùn)|西，且根據(jù)劃線詞后文“forpreservation(為了保存)”可知，添加的東西是為了葡萄酒的保存，故劃線詞與C項“化學(xué)成分”意思相近，制造商會添加化學(xué)成分從而更好地保存葡萄酒，故選C?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Yet,industryopinionsvaryonregulation:whilesomesupportofficialguidelines,others,likeJohnKellerofNeuCellars,worryabouthighercostsinvolvedwithcertification.(然而，關(guān)于監(jiān)管的看法各不相同：盡管一些人支持官方指導(dǎo)，但其他人，比如說NeuCellars的JohnKeller，擔(dān)心更高的認證成本。)”可知，擔(dān)心認證成本會變得更高，從而導(dǎo)致更高的生產(chǎn)成本，故選B。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“IntheU.S.,arecenttrendshowsagrowingdemandfornaturalwine,whichattachesimportancetominimalprocessingandeco-friendliness.(在美國，最近的一項趨勢表明，對天然葡萄酒的需求越來越大，這種葡萄酒重視最低限度的加工和生態(tài)友好。)”以及下文的講述可知，本文介紹了最近的一個趨勢表明，以傳統(tǒng)方式，天然制造出來的天然葡萄酒在美國的需求越來越大，故A項“傳統(tǒng)的制酒方式獲得了新的粉絲”符合文章標(biāo)題，故選A。第一節(jié)D【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了研究結(jié)果表明，降低污染可以預(yù)防因空氣污染而奪去的生命。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“AirpollutionremainsacriticalhealthriskintheEuropeanUnion,claimingover500,000livesin2021,withfindingssuggestingnearlyhalfofthesecouldhavebeenpreventedifpollutionwerereducedtolevelsrecommendedbyhealthexperts.DatafromtheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency(EEA)showthatofthesedeaths,253,000werelinkedtoexposuretofineparticulatematter(PM2.5)goingbeyondtheWorldHealthOrganization’s(WHO)guidelinelimitof5microgramspercubicmeter.Nitrogendioxideandozonealsocontributedtothemortality(死亡頻率)statistics,associatedwith52,000and22,000deathsrespectively.(空氣污染仍然是歐盟的一個關(guān)鍵健康風(fēng)險，2012年奪走了50多萬人的生命，研究結(jié)果表明，如果污染降至衛(wèi)生專家建議的水平，其中近一半是可以預(yù)防的。歐洲環(huán)境署的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在這些死亡病例中，25.3萬例與細顆粒物接觸有關(guān)，超過了世界衛(wèi)生組織每立方米5微克的限制。二氧化氮和臭氧也造成了死亡，分別有5.2萬人和2.2萬人死去。)”可知，這些數(shù)字都表明了空氣污染奪去了很多人的生命，故其證明了空氣污染帶來的影響，故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Inresponsetotheseconcerns,theWHO,whichupdateditsairqualityguidelinesin2021,warnsthatnolevelofairpollutioncanbeconsideredsafebuthassetupperlimitsforcertainpollutants.(為了回應(yīng)這些擔(dān)憂，世界衛(wèi)生組織在2021年更新了其空氣質(zhì)量指南，并警告說，任何空氣污染水平都不能認為是安全的，但對某些污染物設(shè)定了上限。)”可知，為了回應(yīng)這些擔(dān)憂，世界衛(wèi)生組織更新了空氣質(zhì)量指南，故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Sinkeviciussaidthatairqualityisindeedimprovingduetoeffectivecleanairpolicies.(Sinkevicius說道，因為有效的清潔空氣政策，空氣質(zhì)量的確在改善。)”可知，Sinkevicius認為有效的政策的確促使空氣質(zhì)量的改善，故他對空氣質(zhì)量是持有積極樂觀的態(tài)度，認為隨著政策的進行，空氣質(zhì)量會越來越好，故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)文章最后一段“TheEEA’scomprehensiveapproachshowsthatwhilethefightagai