2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)選擇性必修第四冊(cè)（譯林版）UNIT 4 Grammar and usage教學(xué)課件

Unit4NevertoooldtolearnGrammarandusageAnalysisofcomplicatedsentencesThinkaboutthefollowingquestions.1.Haveyoueverknownvocationaleducation?2.Whatwillstudentsreceivingvocationaleducationlearn?3.Whatisyourattitudetowardsvocationaleducation?Lead-inExploringtherulesVocationaleducationgenerallypreparespeopletoworkinaspecificoccupationbyteachingtheoryintheclassroomandofferinghands-ontrainingintheworkplace.1.ReadthearticleonPage48andanswerthefollowingquestion.Whatisvocationaleducation?2.Findsimplesentences,compoundsentences,complexsentencesandcompound-complexsentencesinthetextandfillinthetableofPartA.Simplesentence1,2,Compoundsentence4,7Complexsentence3,5,6,8,9Compound-complexsentence10Exploringtherules3.Readandcomparethefollowingsentences.Accordingtoonevocationalschoolstudent,theyarenowencouragedto“l(fā)earnbydoing”and“l(fā)earnthroughtrialanderror”,andtheyfocusmoreonhowtocompleteanassignmentratherthanjustmemorizingwhatteacherssayinclass.(2)Accordingtoonevocationalschoolstudent,theyarenowencouragedto“l(fā)earnbydoing”and“l(fā)earnthroughtrialanderror”.Theyfocusmoreonhowtocompleteanassignmentratherthanjustmemorizingwhatteacherssayinclass.Exploringtherules4.WorkouttherulesonPage48.Asentenceinwhichbothcoordinationandsubordinationoccuriscalledacompound-complex

sentence.Identifyinglinkingwordsanddeterminingthefunctionsofclausesarehelpfulinanalysingcomplicatedsentences.Exploringtherules1.CouldyourewritethesentencesinB1onPage49usingcorrectlinkingwords?(1)Iwasaskedtowritea2,000-wordessay.Idecidedtofinishintwodays.IwouldhavetimetoreaditbeforeIhandeditin.(2)Patrickwasacollegestudent.Heworkedpart-timeinacompany.Hewantedtopayforhiscollegeeducation.ApplyingtherulesWhenIwasaskedtowritea2,000-wordessay,IdecidedtofinishintwodayssothatIwouldhavetimetoreaditbeforeIhandeditin.WhenPatrickwasacollegestudent,heworkedpart-timeinacompanybecausehewantedtopayforhiscollegeeducation.(3)Thevocationaleducationsystemoftencombinesclassroomlearningwithtrainingintheworkplace.Moststudentsgraduatenotonlywithaclearunderstandingoftheirtradebutalsowithworkexperience.Thevocationaleducationsystemoftencombinesclassroomlearningwithtrainingintheworkplace,asaresultofwhichmoststudentsgraduatenotonlywithaclearunderstandingoftheirtradebutalsowithworkexperience.ApplyingtherulesLeonwantedtobecomeanelectrician,(1)____likemanyyoungGermanstudents,hedecidednottogotouniversitybuttochooseavocationaltrainingcourseinstead.InGermany,(2)_________someonewantstobecomeanelectrician,aphotographerorahotelmanager,theywillprobablygothroughthevocationaleducationsystemwhichcombinestheoryintheclassroomwithpracticeintheworkplace.Leonchosetoworkatanelectricalcompany(3)_______hehadtospendthreedaysaweek.Healsohadtoattendschoolfor12hoursaweek.andwhether/ifwhereFinishB2onPage49,andthenanswerthefollowingquestion.ApplyingtherulesAtwork,Leonlearntabouthistrade,whichinvolvedmuchdrilling,andhekeptadetailedjournalofthenewskillsheacquired.Atschool,heattendedclassesrelevanttohischosenoccupation.Theseincludedlessons(4)_________focusedontopicslikeelectricalcircuits.Thecompanyandtheschooloperatedindependentlyofeachother(5)_______Leonhadtoshowhisgradestohismanageratwork.Overthecourseofhisstudies,Leonhadtopasstwoexams.Onewastohighlightanygapsinhisknowledge.TheotherwasthefinalexamLeonsattogainthenecessaryqualificationstobecomeanelectrician.Leongraduatedafterdemonstratingtheappropriatelevelofunderstandingandtechnicalcompetence,(6)_______henowanticipatesalongandhappycareerasanelectrician.that/whichbut/andand/soApplyingtherulesWhatdecisiondidLeonmakebeforebecominganelectrician?LikemanyyoungGermanstudents,Leondecidednottogotouniversitybuttochooseavocationaltrainingcourseinstead.ApplyingtherulesIngroupsofthree,onestudentstartsastoryonthetopicoflearningwithasimplesentence.Thesecondstudentaddsaclausetomakeacompoundorcomplexsentence.Thethirdstudentaddsanotherclausetomakeacompound-complexsentence.Taketurnstocontinuethestory.Applyingtherules(Sampleanswer)A:Ioftenvisitthelibrary.B:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary.C:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary,andIenjoygoingtobookshopstoo.A:Oneday,Imetanoldlady.B:Oneday,whenIwenttoabookshop,Imetanoldlady.C:Oneday,whenIwenttoabookshop,Imetanoldlady,andsomethingunexpectedhappened.ApplyingtherulesA:Iwasreadingabook.B:IwasreadingabookthatIfoundinteresting.C:IwasreadingabookthatIfoundinteresting,butthisoldladyaskedtohavealookatthebook.A:Igavetheoldladythebook.B:Igavetheoldladythebookandrealizedshehadafamiliarface.C:Igavetheoldladythebookandrealizedshehadafamiliarface,soIaskedifshelivedinmyneighbourhood.ApplyingtherulesA:Theoldladysmiledatme.B:Theoldladysmiledatmeandshegavemebackthebook.C:Theoldladysmiledatmeandshegavemebackthebookaftershehadaquicklook.A:Icontinuedreadingthebook.B:Icontinuedreadingthebook,butIcouldnotconcentrate.C:Icontinuedreadingthebook,butIcouldnotconcentratebecauseIfeltIknewwhotheoldladywas.ApplyingtherulesA:Ifinishedreading.B:ThemomentIfinishedreading,Iquicklycheckedthetitlepagefortheauthorinformation.C:ThemomentIfinishedreading,Iquicklycheckedthetitlepagefortheauthorinformation,andIgotagreatshock.A:Theauthorwastheoldlady.B:TheauthorwastheoldladyImetjustnow.C:TheauthorwastheoldladyImetjustnow,butImissedararechancetotalkwithher.Applyingtherules1.GothroughtheGrammarnotesonPages101–102.2.FinishPartConPage78.HomeworkGrammarandusage●復(fù)雜句分析（句子類型）●在英語(yǔ)中，句子可以分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和主從復(fù)合句（含并列主從復(fù)合句）。一簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句只含有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。?Mymother

is

ateacher.

我的媽媽是一名老師。

主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)?Time

flies.時(shí)光飛逝。主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)?He

asked

me

aquestion.他問(wèn)了我一個(gè)問(wèn)題。主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)?I

found

thebook

interesting.

我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書(shū)很有趣。主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)【誤區(qū)警示】

簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。簡(jiǎn)單句可以有兩個(gè)或更多的主語(yǔ)，也可以有兩個(gè)或更多的謂語(yǔ)，但是句子中的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只有一個(gè)。?Computersmeanalottohumanbeingsandarepaidmoreandmoreattentiontobypeople.

計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)人類意義重大，并越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注。（兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，一個(gè)主語(yǔ)）二并列句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成的句子稱作并列句。這些獨(dú)立分句處于平等的、互不依從的并列地位，常用連詞或分號(hào)連接。?（1）表示并列關(guān)系的連詞

常見(jiàn)的表示并列關(guān)系的連詞有：and，both...and...，notonly...but（also）...，neither...nor...等。?TheyarewatchingTVandtheothersarereading.

他們?cè)诳措娨?，其他人在讀書(shū)。?（2）表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞常見(jiàn)的表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞有：but，yet，whereas等。?Theyrushedtothehospital，buttheyweretoolate.

他們急忙趕往醫(yī)院，但太晚了。?Thecarisold，butitisingoodcondition.

這輛汽車舊了，但車況很好。?（3）表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞常見(jiàn)的表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞有：or，either...or...等。?Shallwegotothecinemaorstayathome?

我們是去看電影還是待在家里？

?

Eitherhecouldnotcomeorhedidnotwantto.

他要么是不能來(lái)，要么就是不想來(lái)。?（4）表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞常見(jiàn)的表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有：for，so等。?Heshookhishead，forhethoughtdifferently.

他搖搖頭，因?yàn)樗氲貌灰粯印?Thedoorwaslocked，sowecouldn’tgetin.

門(mén)上鎖了，所以我們進(jìn)不去。?（5）含并列連詞的特殊句式：

①祈使句+（，）+and/or+簡(jiǎn)單句；

②名詞短語(yǔ)+（，）+and+簡(jiǎn)單句。?Comehereontimetomorrowmorning，oryouwillmissagood

chance.

明天上午按時(shí)來(lái)，否則你會(huì)失去一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)。?Anotherfiveminutes，andI’llfinishthecomposition.

再給我五分鐘我就能完成作文?！菊`區(qū)警示】（1）通常，so不能與because

連用。（2）通常，but不與although

連用，但yet，still（副詞）可與although

連用。三主從復(fù)合句?（1）主從復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或者一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子。復(fù)合句中的主句和從句都具有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。主句是復(fù)合句的主體。從句需要由一個(gè)從屬連詞（如that/what/why/how/if等）引導(dǎo)，修飾說(shuō)明主句或主句中的某個(gè)詞和短語(yǔ)，不能獨(dú)立存在。從句可以分為三大類：定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句（包括主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）和狀語(yǔ)從句（包括時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、比較狀語(yǔ)從句）。?Thisistheroominwhichhelivedfiveyearsago.這就是他五年前居住的房間。（定語(yǔ)從句）?Thathewillcometothediscussioniscertain.他肯定會(huì)來(lái)參加討論的。（主語(yǔ)從句）?WhatIhavetoldyouisimportant.我告訴你的事很重要。（主語(yǔ)從句）?Iwanttoknowwhetheryoustillworkinthefactory.我想知道你是否還在這家工廠工作。（賓語(yǔ)從句）?Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishtheworkbytomorrow.問(wèn)題是我們是否能在明天之前完成這項(xiàng)工作。（表語(yǔ)從句）?Thenewsthathewonthegamewasincorrect.他贏得比賽的消息是不實(shí)的。（同位語(yǔ)從句）?Whenhereturns，I’lltellhimthenews.當(dāng)他回來(lái)時(shí)，我會(huì)告訴他這個(gè)消息。（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）?Bamboogrowsbestwheretheclimateisveryhot.竹子在氣候炎熱的地方長(zhǎng)勢(shì)最好。（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）?

Aslongaswedon’tloseheart，we’llfindawaytodealwiththe

problem.

只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法。（條件狀語(yǔ)從句）?We’lltrytofinishtheworkthoughweareshortofmoney.盡管我們資金短缺，我們還是會(huì)努力完成工作。（讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）?IhadtakenanearlybussothatIgotthereintime.

我乘了早班公共汽車，所以才及時(shí)到了那里。（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）【聯(lián)想拓展】其后常接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有：fact，fear，hope，idea，news，

suggestion，desire，thought，problem，possibility等。?（2）并列主從復(fù)合句英語(yǔ)中有些句子既包括并列分句，又含有從句，我們稱之為并列主從復(fù)合句。要準(zhǔn)確理解這種復(fù)雜的句子，需要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，弄清楚各分句以及主從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。如：?IaminterestedinrobotsandIbelievewecaninventbetterrobotsforthebenefitofpeople，solongaswecontinuetomakeefforts.我對(duì)機(jī)器人感興趣，我認(rèn)為只要我們持續(xù)努力，就可以為了人們的利益發(fā)明更好的機(jī)器人。Iaminterestedinrobots是分句一and

是并列連詞Ibelieve…是分句二wecaninvent…是Ibelieve的賓語(yǔ)從句solongas引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句Languagepoints1Itgenerallypreparespeopletoworkinaspecificoccupation...它通常使人們?yōu)樵谔囟ǖ穆殬I(yè)中工作做好準(zhǔn)備……occupationn.工作，職業(yè)；消遣；侵占，占領(lǐng)期；使用Pleasestateyourname，ageandoccupation.請(qǐng)寫(xiě)明你的姓名、年齡和職業(yè)?！就卣埂縪ccupyv.占用，占領(lǐng)；任職；使忙于（做某事）搭配 occupyoneselfwith/in從事/忙于/專心于beoccupiedwith/in忙于，專心于 HeoccupiedhimselfinlearningEnglish.他忙于學(xué)英語(yǔ)。Manypeopleinthisareaareoccupiedwithagriculture.在這個(gè)地區(qū)許多人從事農(nóng)業(yè)。單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Thestatesmanismuchoccupied

affairsofhisstate.（2）Youwillbeaskedtofillinaformwithdetailsofyourbirthand

（occupy）.（3）Somestudentswere

（occupy）withreviewingtheirlessons.withoccupationoccupied2...itcanqualifyapplicantstoworkinaparticulareld.……它能使求職者有資格在某一特定領(lǐng)域工作。qualifyvt.使合格；使具備資格vi.取得資格（或?qū)W歷），合格搭配 qualifyas取得……資格；作為……合格qualifysb.forsth.使某人具備……的資格qualifysb.todosth.使某人有資格做某事 HequalifiedasanEnglishteacherlastyear.去年他取得了當(dāng)一名英語(yǔ)教師的資格。Hisknowledgeandskillsqualifyhimforthejob.他的知識(shí)和技能使他有資格擔(dān)任這項(xiàng)工作?！就卣埂浚?）qualifiedadj.符合資格；有條件的Idon’tknowmuchaboutit，soIdon’tfeelqualifiedtocomment.關(guān)于此事我所知不多，所以我覺(jué)得沒(méi)資格評(píng)論。（2）qualificationn.資格；資歷；限定條件WeacceptedtheMinister’sproposalwithoutqualification.我們無(wú)條件地接受了部長(zhǎng)的建議?！驹~塊背誦】withoutqualification無(wú)條件地aqualificationcertificate資格證書(shū)academicqualifications學(xué)術(shù)資歷單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Mysonhopestoqualify

alawyer.（2）Hispastexperiencequalifiedhim

（handle）suchadelicatematter.（3）Yourscoresinthistermwillqualifyyou

thenextclass.astohandlefor（4）Theempiricalevidenceconsideredhereissubjecttomany

（qualify）.（5）Apersonwithnoappreciationofartandliteratureisnot

（qualify）forthejob.（6）Iwelcometheamendmenttothebill

qualification.qualificationsqualifiedwithout3...thosewithvocationalqualificationsoftenhavebetterprospectsofpromotionwithinthecompany.……那些有職業(yè)資格的人在公司里往往有更好的晉升前景。prospectn.成功的機(jī)會(huì)，前景；可能性；景色I(xiàn)seelittleprospectofimprovementinhiscondition.我看他的情況沒(méi)有什么改進(jìn)的希望。Greatchangesareinprospectinthisareaduetoforeigninvestment.因?yàn)橥赓Y的引進(jìn)，該地區(qū)可能會(huì)發(fā)生很大變化。Inprospectofincreaseindemand，weshouldworkatfullcapacity.預(yù)計(jì)需求會(huì)增加，我們應(yīng)該開(kāi)足馬力生產(chǎn)。【詞塊背誦】theprospectof...……的前景；……的展望；……的可能性inprospect（of）可以預(yù)料到；有希望；有可能單句語(yǔ)法填空：（1）Amajorchangeofthepoliticalclimateisnot

prospect.（2）Ithasgood

（prospect）onconditionthatthetwosidescooperatewillingly.完成句子（3）Farmersploughandsow

（有……希望）thecomingharvest.inprospectsinprospectof4...motorrepairisoneeldthatallowsforsuchcareerdevelopment.……汽車維修就是一個(gè)允許這種職業(yè)發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域。motoradj.機(jī)動(dòng)車的，汽車的n.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，馬達(dá)；汽車ThemotorindustryinChinadevelopsfast.中國(guó)汽車工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速。Hestartedthemotor.他啟動(dòng)了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)?！驹~塊背誦】amotorbike/cycle摩托車amotorcar汽車anelectricmotor電動(dòng)機(jī)完成句子（1）Thislawnmowerisdrivenbya____________________（小型電動(dòng)機(jī)）.（2）

（這輛汽車）hasbeenwithusforovertenyears.smallelectricmotorThemotorcar5...educationalinstitutionsandcompanieswillcontinuetoadvocatevocationaleducation...……教育機(jī)構(gòu)和公司將繼續(xù)倡導(dǎo)職業(yè)教育……institutionn.機(jī)構(gòu)；風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，制度Allthegovernmentinstitutionsarelocatedhere.政府的機(jī)構(gòu)都設(shè)在這里?！就卣埂縤nstitutionaladj.機(jī)構(gòu)的；慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的Someinstitutionalinvesto