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UNIT4
ScientistswhochangedtheworldSectionB
Grammarandusage核心詞匯教材原句p.48Heobservedthatthebacteriasurroundingthemouldweredead.
他觀察到霉菌周圍的細(xì)菌都死了。1surroundvt.包圍;圍繞 surround...with...用……包圍…… besurroundedby/with...被……包圍/環(huán)繞 surroundoneselfwith和……在一起,與……為伍Theyhavesurroundedthebuildingwiththepolice.他們派警察包圍了那棟房子。Thesmallislandwithbeautifulsceneryissurroundedby/withthesea.這個(gè)風(fēng)景秀麗的小島四面環(huán)海。Davidlikestosurroundhimselfwithyoungpeople.戴維喜歡和年輕人在一起?!驹~語積累】surroundingadj.附近的:thesurroundingarea周圍地區(qū)surroundingsn.環(huán)境(復(fù)數(shù)):workinpleasantsurroundings在愉快的環(huán)境中工作 題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法搭配單句語法填空(1)Theyliveinabeautifulvillage,withmanytreesandflowers
(surround)it.(2)
(surround)bythickbamboo,theancientcityhadn’tbeendiscovereduntilthe1960s.(3)Theyallwentouttolookforthelostchildinthe
(surround)villages.(4)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Someinsectstakeonthecolouroftheir
(surround)toprotectthemselves.surroundingSurroundedsurroundingsurroundings教材原句p.48Theresultsindicatedthatsomethingproducedbythemouldhadkilledthebacteria.結(jié)果表明,霉菌產(chǎn)生的某種物質(zhì)殺死了細(xì)菌。2indicatevt.指出;標(biāo)示;表明;暗示 indicatesth.tosb.向某人指出某事 indicatethat...表明/標(biāo)示…… indicate+wh-從句表明/指出/標(biāo)示……Hehasindicatedhiswillingnesstoteamupwithus.他已經(jīng)表明了與我們合作的意愿。Theresearchindicatesthatnothingcouldsubstituteforbreastmilk.研究表明,沒有東西能夠代替母乳。Heindicatedwheretheluggagewastogo.他指出行李擺放在哪里。搭配單句語法填空(1)Theblackcloudsaregathering,which
(indicate)thatitisgoingtorainsoon.(2)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Thereisagreatdealofevidence
(indicate)thatmusicactivitiesinvolvedifferentpartsofthebrain.完成句子(3)Aredskyatnightoften
(預(yù)兆天氣晴朗)thenextday.indicatesindicatingindicatesfineweather教材原句p.48OnemightthinkFlemingdiscoveredpenicillinbyaccident,butactuallythisisfarfromthetruth.有人可能會(huì)認(rèn)為弗萊明發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素是出于偶然,然而實(shí)際上,這遠(yuǎn)非事實(shí)。3accidentn.事故;偶然的事,意外的事 byaccident/bychance偶然,意外地(反:bydesign=onpurpose故意地) quite/completelybyaccident完全是偶然 whetherbyaccidentordesign不知是偶然還是有意安排 atrafficaccident交通事故 cutdownonaccident減少意外事故Hewaskilledinacaraccident.他死于車禍。Kenhadanaccidentatworkandhadtogotohospital.肯在工作中出了事故,不得不去醫(yī)院。Thediscoverywasahappyaccident.這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是個(gè)機(jī)緣巧合。【詞語積累】accidentaladj.意外的,偶然的 accidentallyadv.意外地;偶然地=bymistake
搭配完成句子(1)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Itshouldnotcause
(致命的交通事故).(2)Weshallneverknowwhetherthishappened
(是偶然還是有意安排).(3)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Thenewtrafficregulationswill
(減少意外的次數(shù)).單句語法填空(4)Helengotintoactingpurely
accident. (5)Thedamagecouldn’thavebeencaused
(accident).(6)Ididn’tthinkourmeetingwas
(accident)—hemusthaveknownIwouldbethere.deadlytrafficaccidentsbyaccidentordesigncutdownonthenumberofaccidentsbyaccidentallyaccidental教材原句p.48 Hewasintelligentandexperiencedenoughtonoticeitspotential...
他很聰明,經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富,足以注意到它的潛力……4intelligentadj.智能的;聰明的;有智力的intelligentsoftware/systems智能軟件/系統(tǒng)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]ahighlyintelligentstudent非常聰明的學(xué)生anintelligentquestion機(jī)智的問題Arethereintelligentbeingsonotherplanets?在其他行星上是否存在著有智力的生物?【詞語積累】intelligencen.智力;才智;智慧apersonofhigh/lowintelligence智力高/低的人 單句語法填空(1)She’seven
(intelligent)thanhersister.(2)Hebelievesthatallchildrenarebornwithequal
(intelligent).完成句子(3)Theboyis
(如此聰明以至于)hecansolvethemathematicalproblem.(4)Thesuccessfulpeoplearenotnecessarily
(非常聰明的人),butdiligentpeople.moreintelligentintelligencesointelligentthatthehighlyintelligentpeople教材原句p.48Fortunefavoursthepreparedmind.幸運(yùn)眷顧有準(zhǔn)備的人。5favourvt.&n.(1)vt.喜愛;偏袒;有利于Personally,Ifavourtravellingbybikewithacompanion.就我個(gè)人而言,我喜歡跟同伴騎自行車旅行。Chancesalwaysfavourthosewhomakeadequatepreparations.機(jī)會(huì)往往垂青那些有充分準(zhǔn)備的人。(2)n.[C]幫忙,恩惠;[U]贊同,支持;喜愛 dosb.afavour幫某人一個(gè)忙
asksb.afavour=askafavourofsb.請(qǐng)某人幫忙 infavourof支持,贊同
inone’sfavour對(duì)某人有利 beinfavour(withsb.)受(某人的)歡迎搭配Couldyoudomeafavourandtakethispileofbookstotheclassroom?你能幫個(gè)忙,把這摞書搬到教室去嗎?I’minfavourofabolishingthesystem.我贊成廢除這項(xiàng)制度。Theexchangerateisinourfavouratthemoment.目前匯率對(duì)我們有利。Thisoutgoingarchitectisinfavourwithhiscolleagues.這位外向的建筑師很受同事們的歡迎?!驹~語積累】favourableadj.贊成的,有利的,討人喜歡的完成句子(1)Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrother
(贊成)it.(2)Couldyou
(幫我個(gè)忙)andpickupSamfromschooltoday?(3)ItseemsthatTimis
(受……的喜歡)theboss.(4)Duncanhadhisheightandweight
(對(duì)他有利)duringthefight.(5)Mr.Smith
(偏袒他的養(yǎng)子)outofsympathy.單句語法填空(6)Thesearetherunningshoes
(favour)bymarathonrunners.(7)Farmerswillhaveagoodharvest,providedthattheweatheris
(favour).wasinfavourof
domeafavourinfavourwithinhisfavourfavourshisadoptedsonfavouredfavourable教材原句p.49Whenathunderstormapproached,thelightningwouldchargethekey.當(dāng)雷雨來臨,閃電就會(huì)給鑰匙充電。6chargev.&n.(1)v.給……充電;收費(fèi),要價(jià);指控,控告;指責(zé),譴責(zé) charge(sb.)somemoneyforsth.因某事而(向某人)收……費(fèi) chargesb.with(doing)sth.指控/指責(zé)某人(做)某事Howmuch/Whatdoyouchargefortherepairs?你收多少修理費(fèi)?Therestaurantcharged(me)$20fordinner.這家餐館收了(我)20美元的餐費(fèi)。Hewaschargedwithmurder.他被指控犯有謀殺罪。搭配(2)n.[U]主管,掌管;[C,U]費(fèi)用,收費(fèi);[C]指控,控告 takechargeof負(fù)責(zé),掌管(短語動(dòng)詞) inchargeof負(fù)責(zé),掌管(短語介詞) inthechargeof=inone’scharge由某人負(fù)責(zé)/掌管 freeofcharge免費(fèi)Thecompanywasbadlyorganizeduntilshetookchargeofit.這家公司一直管理很差,直到她掌管。Myuncleisinchargeofalocalhospital.=Alocalhospitalisinthechargeofmyuncle.我叔叔掌管一家當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院。Thereisachargeforusingtheswimmingpool.使用游泳池要收費(fèi)。Youcanplayfootballinthestadiumfreeofcharge.你們可以在體育場(chǎng)內(nèi)免費(fèi)踢足球。Heisfacingachargeofarmedrobbery.他面臨持械搶劫的指控。搭配寫出句中charge的詞性和含義(1)Thechargefortransportwillbeincreasedbecausethepriceofpetrolisgoingup.(2)Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.
(3)Thepolicechargedtheyoungmanwithcartheft.
用charge短語完成句子(4)Themanwhohad____________________(掌管)thecompany____________________(被指控)bribe-taking,becauseheacceptedalargeamountofmoneyfromadepartmentmanager____________________(負(fù)責(zé))themanufacturing.(5)ClassFiveis____________________(由……負(fù)責(zé))MissLi;thatistosay,MissLiis____________________(負(fù)責(zé))ClassFive.(6)Thewatchisworth20dollars.Youcangetit
(免費(fèi))ifyouarewillingtolendusahand.n.費(fèi)用v.收費(fèi)v.控告takenchargeofwaschargedwithinchargeofinthechargeofinchargeoffreeofcharge重點(diǎn)句式教材原句p.49Hemadesurethesilkribbonstayeddrysothattheelectricitywouldnotgothroughhisbody.他確保絲帶保持干燥,這樣電流就不會(huì)通過他的身體。1sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句(1)意為“為了,以便”,引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,相當(dāng)于inorderthat,從句中常有can/could,may/might,will/would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Heencouragedhissontomakefriendswiththosearoundhimsothathecouldadapttothenewsurroundingseasily.他鼓勵(lì)兒子跟周圍的人交朋友,這樣他就能很容易適應(yīng)新環(huán)境了。(2)意為“結(jié)果,因此”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,此時(shí)從句中通常沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Stephenwasexcellentinmanywayssothathegotthejob.史蒂芬在很多方面都很優(yōu)秀,因此他得到了這份工作?!颈容^】Heresignedhispostsothat/inorderthathecouldenjoyhisoldage.=Heresignedhispostsoasto/inordertoenjoyhisoldage.他辭去了工作,以便安享晚年。Inorderthathecouldenjoyhisoldage,heresignedhispost.=Inordertoenjoyhisoldage,heresignedhispost.為了安享晚年,他辭去了工作。 單句語法填空(1)Heputonhisglassesinorder
hecouldseeitclearly.(2)Inorder
(make)achange,youneedtodecidewhyit’simportant.完成句子(3)Ihadofferedtowatchmy3-year-olddaughter,Ramanda,
(以便)mywifecouldgooutwithafriend.(4)為了得到國(guó)內(nèi)外的信息,我們每天看《新聞聯(lián)播》。WewatchNewsBroadcasteveryday
informationathomeandabroad.=WewatchNewsBroadcasteveryday
wecangetinformationathomeandabroad.=
informationathomeandabroad,wewatchNewsBroadcasteveryday.thattomakesothatinordertoget/soastoget/togetinorderthat/sothatInordertoget/Toget教材原句p.49 Thenheattachedametalkeywheretheribbonandkitelinejoined.
然后他把一把金屬鑰匙系在帶子和風(fēng)箏線的連接處。2where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句(1)從屬連詞where表示“在(到)……的地方”。 Howcome?Ican’tfindmykey.Ijustleftitwhereithadbeen.怎么可能?我找不到鑰匙了。我剛把它放在原來的地方。Whereheoncefeltlikegivingup,henowhasthedeterminationtopushfurtherandkeepongoing.曾經(jīng)讓他感到想放棄的地方,現(xiàn)在他決心繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。(2)where在地點(diǎn)狀語從句中,除指地點(diǎn)外,還可指處境等。Hesaidhewashappywherehewas.他說他對(duì)自己的處境很滿意。【誤區(qū)警示】where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句要區(qū)別于where引導(dǎo)的定語從句,定語從句前面有先行詞。Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.(where引導(dǎo)定語從句)他們的孩子正處于能說單個(gè)單詞而不能說完整句子的階段。
單句語法填空(1)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]
thereissupplyanddemand,thereiscommerce.(2)Everythingwasplacedexactly
hewanteditforthegraduationceremony. 判斷從句類型并填空(3)Hetoldusthatheusedtolive
thereweremanymountainswithtreesandanimalsonthem.(4)Hetoldusthatheusedtoliveintheplace
thereweremanymountainswithtreesandanimalsonthem.完成句子(5)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]You’dbettermakeamark
(你埋箱子的地方);otherwise,youmayloseit.Wherewherewherewherewhereyouburythebox教材原句p.49...arguingthatifhehadreallydoneit,hewouldhavereceivedadeadlyelectricshock.……爭(zhēng)辯說,如果他真的這么做了,他會(huì)受到致命的電擊。3虛擬語氣在if條件句中的用法在if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中,謂語動(dòng)詞有以下三種形式:
if
條件句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去式(be用were)would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形與將來事實(shí)相反(1)過去式(be用were)(2)should+動(dòng)詞原形(3)wereto+動(dòng)詞原形would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去分詞would/could/might/should+have+過去分詞Iftheweatherhadbeenniceyesterday,wewouldhavegoneforapicnic.如果昨天天氣好的話,我們就去野餐了。(與過去事實(shí)相反)IfIhadtime,Iwouldgototheexhibitionofsculptureswithyou.如果有時(shí)間的話,我會(huì)和你一起去參觀雕塑展。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)IfIweretosolvetheproblem,Iwouldadoptadifferentapproach.要是我來解決這個(gè)問題,我會(huì)用一種不同的方法。(與將來事實(shí)相反)Iftheyshouldcometomorrow,theycouldmeettheartistintheflesh.他們?nèi)绻魈炷軄淼脑挘湍芤姷侥莻€(gè)畫家本人。(與將來事實(shí)相反)【誤區(qū)警示】虛擬條件句中謂語動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞時(shí),不管主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),一般都用were。 單句語法填空(1)We
(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.(2)Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI
(have)time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.(3)Ifyou
(come)earlier,youcouldhaveseenthelibrarianintheflesh.(4)Iftheweather
(be)finenow,wewouldhaveapicnic.完成句子(5)If
(沒有水),whatwouldhappen?(6)Ifshehadn’ttakenexerciseregularly,she
(無法保持健康).(7)Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe_______________________________________(住在那里),shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.wouldbehadhadcomeweretherewerenowatercouldn’thavekeptfitlived/weretolive/shouldlivethere教材原句p.49Whateverthetruth,F(xiàn)ranklindidmakecontributionstothestudiesofelectricity.無論真相如何,富蘭克林的確對(duì)電的研究做出了貢獻(xiàn)?!揪涫椒治觥縲hateverthetruth是讓步狀語從句,而且是省略形式,補(bǔ)充完整為whateverthetruthis。whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“無論什么”,相當(dāng)于nomatterwhat。4“疑問詞+-ever”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句Sherunsonaverageabout15mileseveryday,whateverthecircumstances,whatevertheweather.她堅(jiān)持每天平均跑15英里左右,不論什么情況,不論什么天氣。 【歸納拓展】(1)“疑問詞+-ever”類詞有whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever,wherever,whenever,however,它們可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,通??梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為“nomatter+疑問詞”。Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)happened,wemustkeepcalm.無論發(fā)生什么,我們都必須保持鎮(zhèn)定。Wherever(=Nomatterwhere)Igo,Ialwaysmeetinterestingpeople.無論我去哪里,總會(huì)遇見有趣的人。(2)whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,此時(shí)不能轉(zhuǎn)換為“nomatter+疑問詞”。Youcantakewhicheverbookyoulike.你可以拿你喜歡的任何一本書。I’lltakewhoeverwantstogo.誰想去我就帶誰去。
單句語法填空(1)
fairytaleyouprefer,Iwilltellyouaboutit.(2)[2018·天津卷]Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedto
winsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.完成句子(3)Weshallloveyou
(不管發(fā)生什么事),Diana.(4)
(不管你怎么努力嘗試),itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat. (5)
(無論她去哪里),therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.(6)Wepromise
(無論誰參加晚會(huì))achancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.(7)Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.
(無論你能做什么)helps.Whicheverwhoeverwhateverhappens/nomatterwhathappensHoweverhardyoutry/NomatterhowhardyoutryWherever/NomatterwhereshegoeswhoeverattendsthepartyWhateveryoucando單元語法動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語1動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語過去分詞在句中可作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語,但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語。(1)過去分詞作定語的位置①單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語,通常放在被修飾詞之前。Thegroundwascoveredwithfallenleaves.地上滿是落葉。Peopleshouldn’tbeexposedtopollutedwater.人們不應(yīng)該接觸被污染了的水。②過去分詞短語作定語,通常放在被修飾詞之后,它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。Iwasinstructedtocarryoutaplansupportedbymostpeople.=Iwasinstructedtocarryoutaplanwhichwassupportedbymostpeople.我被要求執(zhí)行一個(gè)多數(shù)人支持的計(jì)劃?!緦W(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】①有些單個(gè)的過去分詞,在習(xí)慣上往往放在被修飾詞之后。Thereislittletimeleft.Let’shurryup.剩余的時(shí)間不多了,我們抓緊吧。②過去分詞修飾代詞時(shí),應(yīng)放在被修飾詞之后。Heisoneofthoseinvited.他是那些被邀請(qǐng)的人之一。③有些過去分詞作定語,前置和后置的意義不同。試比較:inthegiventime在既定的時(shí)間內(nèi)withthewordsgiven用所給的單詞aconcernedlook關(guān)切的神情thepeopleconcerned有關(guān)人士Thisisausedcar.這是一輛二手汽車。Themethodusedisveryefficient.所用的這個(gè)方法很有效。(2)過去分詞作定語的意義不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語,只表示動(dòng)作已完成,不表示被動(dòng);及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語,表示被動(dòng)或完成。aretiredteacher退休教師
fallenleaves落葉therisensun升起的太陽 anhonouredguest一位受尊敬的客人deeplymovedpeople深受感動(dòng)的人們 thebrokenglass碎了的杯子thequestiondiscussedyesterday昨天討論的問題
【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別①現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義,過去分詞多表示被動(dòng)意義。Thewomanstandingbesidehimishissecretary.站在他旁邊的那個(gè)女人是他的秘書。(thewoman與stand之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)Sheshowedmethebookrecommendedbytheprofessor.她把教授推薦的書給我看了看。(thebook與recommend之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)②現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,而過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。thechangingworld正在發(fā)生變化的世界thechangedworld已經(jīng)變化了的世界單句語法填空(1)
(worry)abouttheirchildren’ssafety,the
(concern)parentstogetherwiththeteacherswentintothemountainsinsearchofthe
(lose)students.(2)The
(confuse)expressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasnotabletoworkoutthe
(confuse)problem.(3)Youcan’tacceptanopinion
(offer)toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.(4)Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofourwords
(use)indailyconversations.(5)[2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷]Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuries
(associate)withrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.(6)Theworkers
(injure)intheaccidentarebeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.(7)[2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷]Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricity__________(consume)intheUS.Worriedconcernedlostconfusedconfusingofferedusedassociatedinjuredconsumed完成句子(8)Thestudent
(穿白色衣服)ismydaughter.(9)TheOlympicGames
(明年舉行的)willbeagreatsuccess.(10)Thefirsttextbook
(為英語教學(xué)而編寫)asaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury. (11)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Pricesofdailygoods
(網(wǎng)上購(gòu)買)canbelowerthanstoreprices.dressedinwhitetobeheldnextyearwrittenforteachingEnglishboughtonline2動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語過去分詞(短語)作狀語,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況,其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。過去分詞(短語)在句中作狀語可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨等。(1)表示時(shí)間過去分詞(短語)作時(shí)間狀語,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。Askedabouthisimpressionoftheapartment,hemadenoanswer.=Whenhewasaskedabouthisimpressionoftheapartment,hemadenoanswer.當(dāng)被問到他對(duì)公寓的印象時(shí),他沒有回答。(2)表示原因過去分詞(短語)作原因狀語,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。Seriouslyinjured,hehadtobetakentothehospital.=Becausehewasseriouslyinjured,hehadtobetakentothehospital.由于他傷得很嚴(yán)重,只能把他送到醫(yī)院。[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.=Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.由于被這個(gè)故事深深地感動(dòng)了,孩子們開始哭了起來。(3)表示條件過去分詞(短語)作條件狀語,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。United,westand;divided,wefall.=Ifweareunited,westand;ifwearedivided,wefall.團(tuán)結(jié)則存,分裂則亡。(4)表示讓步過去分詞(短語)作讓步狀語,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。Rejectedmanytimes,hedidn’tloseheart.=Thoughhewasrejectedmanytimes,hedidn’tloseheart.雖然被拒絕了多次,他并沒有失去信心。(5)表示方式或伴隨過去分詞(短語)作方式或伴隨狀語,可以轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)并列句。Theboyslidoutofhisroom,followedbyhispetdog.=Theboyslidoutofhisroomandwasfollowedbyhispetdog.那個(gè)男孩溜出了房間,后面跟著他的寵物狗。 【誤區(qū)警示】(1)過去分詞(短語)作狀語,前面可以帶有相應(yīng)的連詞(詞組),如when,until,though,although,asif,asthough,if,unless等,表時(shí)間、讓步、方式、條件等。When(theyare)exposedtolight,potatoeswillturngreen.馬鈴薯在光的照射下會(huì)變綠。 (2)句子主語跟過去分詞(短語)之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,跟現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系。試比較:Caughtinaheavyrain,hewaslatefortheinterview.由于碰上了一場(chǎng)大雨,所以他面試遲到了。Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomestudentssweepingupthebitsofpaper.朝窗外望去,我看見一些學(xué)生正在清掃紙屑。(3)過去分詞(短語)作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語與句子的主語要一致。如果主語不一致,要在分詞前加上邏輯主語,構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.(×)Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.(√)小偷如果被抓,會(huì)受到警方的懲罰。Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.那個(gè)男孩跑進(jìn)教室,臉上全是汗。(hisface是動(dòng)詞cover的邏輯主語)
單句語法填空(1)
(guide)byanartist,thegirlmadegreatprogress.(2)
(press)fromhisparents,and
(realize)thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingcomputergames.(3)If
(heat),waterwillturnintovapour.(4)
(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.(5)[2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]
(surround)bygreentrees,thefarmislocatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool.(6)[2018·北京卷]Ordinarysoap,
(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.(7)[2016·北京卷]
(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.(8)
(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.GuidedPressedrealizingheatedAbsorbedSurroundedusedOrderedRaised完成句子(9)
(盡管被打敗了很多次),themandidn’tloseheart.(10)
(下決心買到音樂會(huì)的票),hedidn’tmindstandinginalongqueue.(11)Children,
(當(dāng)被他們的父母陪伴時(shí)),areallowedtoenterthestadium.(12)Theteacherwentintothelab,
(后面跟著他的學(xué)生).Thoughdefeatedmanytimes
Determinedtogetaticketoftheconcertwhenaccompaniedbytheirparentsfollowedbyhisstudents3動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語說明賓語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài),賓語與過去分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,即賓語是過去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。能夠接過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞主要有兩類:一類是感官動(dòng)詞,另一類是使役動(dòng)詞。過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的情況通常有以下幾種: (1)用在表示某種狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep,leave等的后面
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