外科護理緒論課件

外科護理緒論外科學緒論

外科護理緒論一、現(xiàn)代外科學的發(fā)展

DevelopmentofModernSurgery解剖學AnatomyJohnHunter(1728-1793),thefatherofexperimentalsurgeryandasuperbanatomistandteacher.外科護理緒論麻醉AnesthesiaWillamt.G.Morton(1819-1868),aBostondentistwhosesuccessfuldemonstrationofetheranesthesiaonOctober16,1846,attheMassachusettsGneeralHospitalwasalandmarkinthehistoryofsurgery外科護理緒論3.抗菌術(shù)AntisepsisJosephLister(1827-1912),theoriginatorofantisepticsurgery外科護理緒論輸血BloodtransfusionRichardLewisohn(1875-1961),asurgeonattheMountSinaiHospital,introducedthemoderntechniqueofbloodtransfusion,developedfromhisdiscoveryofamethodofpreventingcoagulationofthebloodoutsidethebody.KarlLandsteiner(1868-1943),

oneofthefirstscientiststostudythephysicalprocessesofimmunity.Heisbestknownforhisidentificationandcharacterizationofthehumanbloodgroups,A,B,andO.外科護理緒論TheodorKocher(1841-1917),professorofsurgeryattheUniversityofBerneandpioneerinthedevelopmentofsurgeryofthethyoid.HereceivedtheNobelPrizein1909.TheodorBillroth(1829-1894),professorattheUniversityofViennaandpioneerabdominalsurgeon,Billrothwasoneofthemostinfluentialteachersofhistime.Innovators&PioneersinSurgery外科護理緒論JohnH.Gibbon(1903-1973),pioneercardiothoracicsurgeonwhodevelopedextracorporealcirculation.AlexisCarrel(1873-1944),anexperimentalsurgeoninterestedinwoundhealing,tissueculture,organtransplantation,andbloodvesselanastomosis.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizein1912.外科護理緒論傅培彬

(1912-1989),

瑞金醫(yī)院外科創(chuàng)始人外科護理緒論1954二尖瓣分離Commissurotomyofmitralstenosis1958大面積灼傷SevereBurn1963斷肢再植Replantationofcutlimb1977肝移植The1stcaseofLivertransplantation1978心臟移植The1stcaseofHearttransplantation1990s-二醫(yī)外科全面發(fā)展灼傷外科、消化外科、膽胰外科

Burnsurg,DigestiveS.,P.Biliary口腔外科、整形外科、小兒心臟外科

StomatologicalS.PlasticS.PediatricCardioS.TheroleofSSMUinthedevelopmentofsurgeryinChina外科護理緒論二、外科學范疇

CategoryofSurgery外科疾病分類

ClassificationofSurgicalDiseases1)損傷

Trauma —mechanicalthermal chemical electrical……2)感染

Infection3)腫瘤

NeoplasiaBenign,Malignant4)畸形

Anatomicalabnormalities Congenital,Acquired外科護理緒論5)內(nèi)分泌功能失調(diào)

Metabolic&Hormonaldisorder6)梗塞與缺血

Infarction&Ischamia7)其它

Others

梗阻 Obstruction

寄生蟲病 Parasitediseases

靜脈曲張 Veinvaricose外科護理緒論2.外科專業(yè)發(fā)展

DevelopmentofSurgicalSpecialties工作對象和性質(zhì) 實驗外科EexperimentalSurgery

臨床外科ClinicalSurgery外科護理緒論2)人體解剖系統(tǒng) 骨科 Arthrosteopedicsurgery

頜面外科 Dentofacialsurgery

心胸外科 Cardiothoracicsurgery

泌尿外科 Urologicsurgery

神經(jīng)外科 Neurosurgery

普通外科 Generalsurgery (腹部外科) Abdominalsurgery外科護理緒論3)性病性質(zhì)

腫瘤外科 Neoplasticsurgery

急癥外科 Emergencysurgery

創(chuàng)傷外科 Traumasurgery

燒傷外科 Burnsurgery4)手術(shù)方式 整復外科 Plasticsurgery

顯微外科 Microsurgery

移植外科 Transplantation

微創(chuàng)外科 Minimallyinvasivesurgery外科護理緒論5)年齡 小兒外科 PediatricSurgery

成人外科 AdultSurgery6)專業(yè) 婦科 Gynecology

耳鼻喉科 Otolaryngology

眼科 Ophthalmology外科護理緒論3.外科總論與各論

GeneralSurgery&SpecialSurgery

外科學總論 GeneralSurgery

各臨床外科共同的專業(yè)基礎 基礎醫(yī)學與臨床外科學的橋梁

外科學各論 SpecialSurgery

論述各系統(tǒng)、各臟器外科疾病的病因、病理、診斷與治療外科護理緒論●外科分子生物學

Surgicalmolecularbiology●外科免疫學

Surgicalimmunology●無菌術(shù)

Aseptictechnique●外科水、電解質(zhì)和酸堿平衡

Fluidandelectrolytemanagement andacid-basebalance●輸血

Bloodtransfusion外科護理緒論●外科休克 Surgicalshock●外科營養(yǎng) Surgicalnutrition●多器官功能障礙綜合征

Multipleorgandysfunctionsyndrome,MODS●麻醉 Anesthesia●外科重癥監(jiān)測治療

Surgicalintensivecare外科護理緒論●心肺腦復蘇

Brain-cardiopulmonaryResuscitation●疼痛治療

Painmanagement&Analgesia●圍手術(shù)期處理

Paraoperativemanagement●門診外科 Outpatientsurgery●外科感染 Surgicalinfection●腫瘤 Neoplasma外科護理緒論●創(chuàng)傷 Trauma●燒傷與冷傷 Burns&Coldinjury●顯微外科 Microsurgery●器官移植 Organtransplantation●組織工程 Tissueengineering●腔鏡外科 Laparoscopic&thorascopicsurgery●內(nèi)鏡外科 Endoscopicsurgery●外科介入治療 Surgicalinterventiontreatment外科護理緒論三、如何學習外科

Howtolearnsurgery●外科醫(yī)師的職業(yè)道德 MoralCharacter●理論聯(lián)系實踐 TheoryandPractice●外科基礎 Basictheory Basicknowledge Basictechnique外科護理緒論Spunkoftiger—膽大形象化的要求

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