2024年中考英語專項復(fù)習(xí)：冠詞講義

冠詞

冠詞分為不定冠詞a/an,定冠詞the和零冠詞。

1.不定冠詞的用法

a用于輔音音素之前，an用于元音音素之前

Eg:It'srainingnow.Takeanumbrella,please.

Thisisausualthing.

①與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示同類人或物中的任何一個或其中之一，意為“一個，某

個，，

Eg:Iwanttobuyacar.

Heisanhonestboy.

②與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示一類人或物，句子譯作中文時，不定冠詞一般不譯出

Eg:Ateachermustgraspprofessionalknowledge.（老師必須掌握專業(yè)知識。）

Anstudentshouldrealizetheimportanceofstudyinghard.

（學(xué)生應(yīng)該意識到刻苦學(xué)習(xí)的重要性。）

③用在一些集體名詞、專有名詞以及具體化的抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前，意為“一類，

一種”等意義

Eg:Weneedanarmytoprotectourcountry.

IneveraEricinmyneighborhood.

Whatapity!

Shedrankacoffeethismorning.

④與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示數(shù)量或單位數(shù)量，意為“一，每，一種”

Eg:Ittookmeanhourtogettotheairport.

Mymothercleansthehousethreetimesaweek.

It'sasymbolofgoodluck.

⑤用于序數(shù)詞前，意為“又一，再一”

Eg:Theyaskedforasecondchance.

I'msothirstythatI'vedrunktwobottlesofwater.NowIstillwantathirdone.

⑥用于某些固定詞組

abitafewalittleinawordhaveacoldhaveafeverhaveaheadache

haveacoughtoanendtakeaprideinplayatrickonplayaroleinonce

uponatimehavearesttakeabreakagreatdeal

2.定冠詞的用法

①指上文提到的人或事物

Eg:Thereisapenonyourdesk.Givethepentomeplease.

Herearetwoshirts.Theblueoneisyours.

②表示說話人和聽話人都知道的人或事

Eg:Yourbrotherissleeping.PleaseturnofftheTV.

Hewasarrestedbythepolice.

③用于序數(shù)詞和last,first,next,only,same等具有特指意義的形容詞之前

Eg:SheisthefirstwomanwhoreachedthetopofQomolangma.

HearrivedinShanghaithenextmorning.

It'stheonlysecretbetweenus.

④用于比較級和最高級前

Eg:Whichdoyouthinkisthemoredeliciousfoodofthetwo,hamburgerorice-cream?

It'sthemostinterestingmovieI'vewatched.

⑤用在表示方位和方向的名詞前

Eg:Thebookstoreisonthewestofthemuseum.

Youcanseeazooontheleft.

⑥用在表示世界上獨一無二的自然現(xiàn)象或事物之前

Eg:Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.

Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.

⑦用于單數(shù)名詞或某些形容詞之前，表示某一類人、物或抽象概念

Eg:Thelionisthekingofanimals.

Hevolunteeredtohelpthesickinthehospital.

⑧用于集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和專有名詞前

Eg:ThepeopleatpresentwereLily'sfriends.

Theironisusuallyharderthanthestone.

IvisitedtheSummerPalacetwoyearsago.

⑨用于表示樂器的名詞前

Eg:Petercanplaytheviolinwell.

Maryhaslearnedtoplayedthepianofortenyears.

⑩“the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)〃表示整個家庭

Eg:TheSmithsarehavingdinner.

11用于某些固定的詞組中

Atthemomentatthesametimeintheendontheleft/rightallthetime

inthemorningthedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterdayatthefootof

aroundtheworldinthefrontofbytheendofinthemiddleofbytheway

3.零冠詞的用法

①表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前

Eg:Mostgirlsworkharderthanboys.

Studentsareencouragedtcreadbooks.

②一日三餐、球類、棋、牌等名詞前

Eg:Tokeephealthy,weshouldhavebreakfasteveryday.

Theylikeplayingbasketball.

Someoldmenplayedchessunderthetree.

③表示節(jié)日、季節(jié)、月份或星期中7天的名詞前

Eg:HalloweenisinOctober.

It'sverycoldinwinter.

BillwillvisithisparentsonSunday.

④物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞前

物質(zhì)名詞表示泛指時，抽象名詞表示一種概念時，表示人名、地名、國家、城市、

街道以及大多數(shù)湖泊的專業(yè)名詞前，不用冠詞

Eg:Drinkingcoffeeisbadforchildren'shealth.

Unityisstrength.

NewYorkisthelargestcityinAmerica.

⑤表示學(xué)科或語言的名詞前

Eg:What'sthisinEnglish?

It'sdifficultformostgirlstolearnmathwell.

⑥兩個單數(shù)名詞連用，表示一個整體，或兩個形容詞同時修飾一個名詞并表示一個人

或物時，后面的詞不用冠詞

Eg:Heisateacherandwriter.

Shewantedtobuyaknifeandfork.

Haveyouseentheblackandwhitecatinmygarden?

⑦名詞前有某些限定詞時

Eg:Helosthiscellphone.

⑧有些名詞加冠詞和不加冠詞意義不同

Eg:fattable在吃飯rgotoschool去上學(xué)

Iatthetable在桌子旁Igototheschool去學(xué)校（可以是上學(xué)，也可以指上班）

（infrontof在.....前面（外部）Jtakeplace（發(fā)生）

Iinthefrontof在.....前面（內(nèi)部）Itaketheplaceof（代替）

練習(xí)：

l.-Doyouoftenplay_volleyball?

-Yes.Iwanttobevolleyballplayer.

A./;aB.a;theC.the;anD.the;/

2.Einsteinis_famousinventorwhowasbornin____1870s.

A.a;/B.a;theC.the;theD.the;/

3.TheBlackshavevisitedGreatWallinChina.

A.theB.anC.aD./

4.Manypeoplegaveawaymuchmoneyto_pooraftertheearthquakeinNepal.

A.theB.aC.anD./

5.Thisis__oldumbrella.Iwantanewone.

A.aB.anC./D.the

6.Isthere_goodrestaurantnearhere?

A.aB.anC.theD./

7.Frankcanplay_guitar.Whataboutyou?

A.aB.anC.theD./

8.Janeis__16-year-oldhighschoolstudentin__UnitedStates,

A.a;theB.the;aC.a;/D./;/

9.Mysonoftenhas_eggandsomevegetablesfor_dinnereveryday.

A.an;/B.an;theC.a;/D.a;the

lO.-Whatdoyouthinkoffootball?

-Itis_