北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)高二下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題

2023北京朝陽(yáng)高二(下)期末英語(yǔ)(考試時(shí)間100分鐘滿分100分)本試卷共10頁(yè)。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。WhenIwasinseventhgrade,Ivolunteeredatalocalhospitalduringthesummer.IspentmostofthetimetherewithMr.Gillespie,___1___tohimandhelpingwithanythingthatneededtobedone.He___2___hadanyvisitors,andnobodyseemedtocareabouthiscondition.Hebecameaclosefriendofmine,eventhoughhe___3___withonlyanoccasionalpressonmyhand.Mr.Gillespiewasinaa(昏迷).ThenIleftforaweektovacationwithmyparentsandwhenIcameback,Mr.Gillespiewasgone.Ididn’thavethenervetoaskthenurseswherehewas,for___4___theymighttellmehehaddied.Severalyearslater,Inoticeda___5___faceatthegasstation.Hewasalive!IwentovertoaskhimifitwasMr.Gillespiewhowasinaafiveyearsago.Withanuncertainlookonhisface,herepliedyes.WhenIexplainedwhoIwas,tears___6___inhiseyes,andhegavemethewarmesthugIhadeverreceived.Mr.Gillespiebegantotellmehowashe___7___thereinaa,hecouldsensemypresence.Hefirmlybelievedthatitwasmy___8___thathadkepthimalive.Webothcriedforawhile,exchangedahug,andwentourseparateways.AlthoughIhaven’tseenhimsince,hefillsmyheartwithjoyeveryday.IknowthatImadea___9___betweenhislifeanddeath.Moreimportantly,hehasalsomadeanenormousinfluenceinmylife.Iwillneverforgethim.He____10____myhelp.1.A.pointing B.waving C.listening D.talking2.A.just B.never C.sometimes D.always3.A.promised B.admitted C.responded D.operated4.A.anger B.fear C.envy D.sorrow5.A.familiar B.serious C.typical D.magic6.A.wentback B.fellover C.driedout D.welledup7.A.lay B.grew C.waited D.tested8.A.smile B.courage C.advice D.voice9.A.connection B.suggestion C.difference D.decision10.A.represents B.deserves C.guarantees D.strengthens【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.B5.A6.D7.A8.D9.C10.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。我在醫(yī)院當(dāng)志愿者時(shí)給了吉萊斯皮先生無(wú)私的關(guān)懷，當(dāng)再次見(jiàn)面時(shí)，兩人喜極而泣并得知雙方都對(duì)彼此的人生產(chǎn)生了很大的影響?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我在那里的大部分時(shí)間都和吉萊斯皮先生在一起，和他交談，幫助他做任何需要做的事情。A.pointing指向；B.waving揮動(dòng)；C.listening聽；D.talking交談。根據(jù)下文“Hebecameaclosefriendofmine”以及“Mr.Gillespiewasinaa(昏迷).”可知，吉萊斯皮先生處于昏迷狀態(tài)，而我把他當(dāng)成親密朋友，所以我會(huì)在他昏迷時(shí)跟他說(shuō)話。故選D?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他從來(lái)沒(méi)有訪客，似乎也沒(méi)有人關(guān)心他的病情。A.just僅僅；B.never從不；C.sometimes有時(shí)；D.always總是。根據(jù)本句“nobodyseemedtocareabouthiscondition”可知，沒(méi)人關(guān)心他的病情，所以他沒(méi)有訪客。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他成了我的親密朋友，盡管他只是偶爾按一下我的手回應(yīng)。A.promised承諾；B.admitted承認(rèn)；C.responded回應(yīng)；D.operated操作。根據(jù)常識(shí)以及下文“Mr.Gillespiewasinaa(昏迷).”可知，他處于昏迷狀態(tài)，對(duì)于我的說(shuō)話，他只能時(shí)按一下我的手回應(yīng)。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我不敢問(wèn)護(hù)士他在哪里，怕她們會(huì)告訴我他已經(jīng)死了。A.anger憤怒；B.fear擔(dān)心；C.envy妒忌；D.sorrow悲傷。根據(jù)本句“Ididn’thavethenervetoaskthenurseswherehewas”可知，我不敢問(wèn)護(hù)士他在哪里是擔(dān)心聽到他已經(jīng)死了的壞消息。故選B?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾年后，我在加油站看到了一張熟悉的面孔。A.familiar熟悉的；B.serious嚴(yán)肅的；C.typical典型的；D.magic魔術(shù)的。根據(jù)下文“IwentovertoaskhimifitwasMr.Gillespiewhowasinaafiveyearsago.”可知，我詢問(wèn)他是不是五年前昏迷的吉萊斯皮先生。所以可推知，我看到了熟悉的面孔。故選A。【6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)我向他解釋我是誰(shuí)時(shí)，他熱淚盈眶，給了我一個(gè)我有生以來(lái)最溫暖的擁抱。A.wentback回去；B.fellover跌倒；C.driedout變干；D.welledup涌出。根據(jù)空前主語(yǔ)“tears”以及本句“hegavemethewarmesthug”可知，他知道我是誰(shuí)后，應(yīng)是熱淚盈眶，給我擁抱。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：吉萊斯皮先生開始告訴我，當(dāng)他躺在那里昏迷時(shí)，他是如何感覺(jué)到我的存在的。A.lay躺著；B.grew成長(zhǎng)；C.waited等待；D.tested測(cè)驗(yàn)。根據(jù)常識(shí)以及空后“inaa”可知，昏迷狀態(tài)只能是躺著。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他堅(jiān)信是我的聲音讓他活了下來(lái)。A.smile微笑；B.courage勇氣；C.advice建議；D.voice聲音。根據(jù)前文“spentmostofthetimetherewithMr.Gillespie,1tohim”可知，我和他交談，所以當(dāng)他昏迷時(shí)，是我的聲音讓他活了下來(lái)。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道是我對(duì)他的生死起了作用。A.connection聯(lián)系；B.suggestion建議；C.difference不同；D.decision決定。根據(jù)前文“Hefirmlybelievedthatitwasmy8thathadkepthimalive.”可知，他堅(jiān)信是我的聲音讓他活了下來(lái)，所以我知道我在他生和死這件事上起了作用。makeadifference為固定搭配“起作用，有影響”。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他值得我的幫助。A.represents代表；B.deserves值得；C.guarantees保證；D.strengthens加強(qiáng)；根據(jù)前文“hehasalsomadeanenormousinfluenceinmylife”可知，他也對(duì)我的人生產(chǎn)生了影響，讓我覺(jué)得我的幫助是值得的。故選B。第二節(jié)選詞填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句意，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞組并用其正確形式填空。HaveanimpactonreliablesubmitrevealberesponsibleforMakeupone’smindbarrierfigureoutenduppetitive11.Youneedadegreetobe________intoday’sjobmarket.12.Weneedmore________informationbeforewecantakeaction.13.Themountainsactedasanatural________tothespreadofthedisease.14.Themoviewewantedtoseewassoldoutsowe________seeingadifferentone.15.Ifyou________something,itisyourdutytodealwithitandmakedecisionsrelatingtoit.16.Thoseinterestedinthepositionshould________theirapplicationstotheStudentUnion.17.AsurveyoftheBritishdiet________thatagrowingnumberofpeopleareoverweight.18.WehadaveryproductivemeetingbecauseIfeltwe________alotofproblems.19.Technologicalinnovation________thecountry’seconomyquiteconsiderably.20.Summervacationising,butIcan’t________wheretotakemyvacation.【答案】11.petitive12.reliable13.barrier14.endedup15.areresponsiblefor16.submit17.revealed18.hadfiguredout19.hasanimpacton20.makeupmymind【解析】【11題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：你需要一個(gè)學(xué)位才能在當(dāng)今的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。系動(dòng)詞后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)，petitive意為“有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的”，學(xué)位有利于就業(yè)，符合基本認(rèn)知，故填入petitive。【12題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我們需要更可靠的信息才能采取行動(dòng)。此處應(yīng)使用形容詞來(lái)修飾名詞information，reliable意為“可靠的”，表示可靠的信息有助于行動(dòng)，故填入reliable?！?3題詳解】考查名詞。句意：山脈是阻止疾病傳播的天然屏障。此處的形容詞應(yīng)修飾名詞作介詞as的賓語(yǔ)，barrier“屏障、障礙”，此處指的是阻礙疾病的傳播的天然屏障，故填入barrier。【14題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們想看的電影已經(jīng)賣光了，所以我們最后看了另一部。根據(jù)so可知，本句表示結(jié)果，endupdoing“最終做了某事”，主句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去，從句也應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填入endedup。【15題詳解】考查系表結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：如果你對(duì)某事負(fù)有責(zé)任，你有責(zé)任處理它并做出與之相關(guān)的決定。根據(jù)duty“責(zé)任、義務(wù)”關(guān)鍵詞可知，此處指的是負(fù)責(zé)某事，beresponsiblefor“為……負(fù)責(zé)”；在if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為you，故填入areresponsiblefor?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：對(duì)該職位感興趣的學(xué)生應(yīng)向?qū)W生會(huì)提交申請(qǐng)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞原形，submitanapplication意為“提交申請(qǐng)”，與語(yǔ)義相符，故填入submit?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：一項(xiàng)針對(duì)英國(guó)飲食的調(diào)查顯示，越來(lái)越多的人超重。本句指的是一份調(diào)查揭露的信息，reveal意為“揭露”，時(shí)間為過(guò)去，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填入revealed?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們開了一次非常有成效的會(huì)議，因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得我們解決了很多問(wèn)題。此處指的是會(huì)議上解決了問(wèn)題，figureout意為“查明。解決”；又根據(jù)動(dòng)詞felt可知，時(shí)間為過(guò)去，解決問(wèn)題在此之前，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成式，故填入hadfiguredout?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：技術(shù)革新對(duì)該國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生了相當(dāng)大的影響。此處指的是技術(shù)革新對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響，hasanimpacton意為“對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響”，談?wù)摰氖钱?dāng)前的事實(shí)，時(shí)間為一般現(xiàn)在，主語(yǔ)innovation意為“創(chuàng)新”時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞，故填入hasanimpacton?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：暑假快到了，但我拿不定主意去哪里度假。根據(jù)where可知，此處指的是度假地點(diǎn)還沒(méi)決定，makeupone’smind意為“決心、決定”，主語(yǔ)為I，且情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故填入makeupmymind。第三節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1閣恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。21.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,___________helpsthemkeepfit.（用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空）【答案】which【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：她和她的家人騎自行車去上班，這有助于他們保持健康。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是前面的整個(gè)句子，關(guān)系詞代替它在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which，故填which。22.Thatnetwork_________(establish)in2022andhasalreadyworkedsmoothly.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】wasestablished【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)及被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：該網(wǎng)絡(luò)成立于2022年，目前運(yùn)行順利。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in2022可知，陳述過(guò)去所發(fā)生的事情要使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)Thatnetwork“網(wǎng)絡(luò)”為第三人稱單數(shù)，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞establish“建立”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，be動(dòng)詞用was，故填wasestablished。23.Thisis________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】what【解析】【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：這就是我父親教給我的——總是面對(duì)困難，抱著最好的希望。在表語(yǔ)從句中缺少taught的賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)“toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest”可知，此處是指道理，所以應(yīng)用連接代詞what。故填what。24.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotourists_________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】trapped【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意：一名救援人員冒著生命危險(xiǎn)救了兩名被困在山里兩天的游客。本句已有謂語(yǔ)，空處用非謂語(yǔ)；tourists與trap之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)；根據(jù)英文提示，故填trapped。25.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_________（range）frombutterfliestoelephants.（用單詞適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】ranging【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：國(guó)家公園有很多野生動(dòng)物，從蝴蝶到大象。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“has”，所以range要以非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式出現(xiàn)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“range”和其邏輯主語(yǔ)“thenationalpark”之間又為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填ranging。26.I________(read)halfoftheEnglishnovel,andI'lltrytofinishitattheweekend.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】haveread【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這本英文小說(shuō)我讀了一半了，我將要努力在周末把它讀完。由句意可知，到目前小說(shuō)讀到一半已經(jīng)完成了，表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，因此使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，注意主謂一致。故填haveread。27.Unless___________(invite)tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.【答案】invited【解析】【詳解】考查分詞做狀語(yǔ)。句意：如果沒(méi)有被邀請(qǐng)發(fā)言，在會(huì)議上你應(yīng)該保持沉默。本句主語(yǔ)you與動(dòng)詞invite構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，所以要填invited。28.Theheadmasterhasmade_________clearthatthemeetingwillnotbeputoff.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】it【解析】【詳解】考查it作形式賓語(yǔ)。句意：校長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)明確表示會(huì)議不會(huì)推遲。分析句子可知，that從句是真正的賓語(yǔ)，為賓語(yǔ)從句，此處應(yīng)用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，故填it。29.Theexperiment_________(conduct)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】wasbeingconducted【解析】【詳解】時(shí)態(tài)及被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：實(shí)驗(yàn)正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中進(jìn)行，突然停電了。was/weredoing...when...“正在做某事突然……”，主語(yǔ)theexperiment“實(shí)驗(yàn)”為第三人稱單數(shù)，且與conduct“實(shí)施，進(jìn)行”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填wasbeingconducted。30._________(see)fromthetopofthehill,thecityappearsmoresplendid.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】Seen【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：從山頂上看，這座城市顯得更加輝煌。句中有謂語(yǔ)appears，前后無(wú)連詞，此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞see和其邏輯主語(yǔ)thecity是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，單詞位于句首，首字母大寫，故填Seen。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。APublicspeakingcanbestressful,butsufficientpreparationcanreducethestressofspeakinginfrontofpeople.Hereareafewstepstohelpyoumakeaneffectivepresentation.PrepareSelectandresearchyourtopiccarefully.Widereadingwillhelpyougatherenoughmaterialandfocusyourresearchatthepreparationstage.Developaroughoutlineofwhatyoumightincludethiscanefromanykeypointsyourlecturehastoldyoutoinclude.Organizeyourresearchintoyouroutline.Keepthetimelimitinmind,andmakeanycutsofunnecessaryorirrelevantinformation.Writeadraftofyourspeech.Itisespeciallyusefulifyouareusingvocabularythatyoumightbefindingdifficulttoremember.Summariseyourwrittenspeechintobriefnotes.Thesewilleventuallybeeyournumberednotecards.Prepareanyvisualthatyouaregoingtousetosupportyourpresentation.Remembervisualaidsshouldbesimpleandeffectiveinsupportingwhateveryouaresaying.PractiseKnowyourstuffconfidenceeswithknowledgeofcontentIfyouknowwhatyouaretalkingabout,thenyouwon’tfeelnervousaboutwhatyouaregoingtosay.Practicepresentingyourspeechinfrontofamirror,andifyouhaveenoughcourage,askyourtrustedfriendstowatchyou.Themoreyoupractice,themoreconfidentyouwillbe.Askforconstructiveadvice.Askyourfriendsforadviceaboutyourgestures,speedofdelivery,andeventheclarityofyourmessage.PresentGettothepresentationearlyandmeetyouraudienceastheywalkin.Thismightbeagoodwaytocalmyournerves,asyouknowwhoareintheroom.Practicestandingatthefronttogetyourfeelfortheroomandspacebeforeyoubegin.Also,makesureanytechnologythatyouareusinginthepresentationisworking.Relaxifyouarefullyprepared,youwillmakeit!31.Whatcanbeincludedintheoutlineofyourspeech?A.Thereasonyouchoosethetopic.B.Thekeypointsrequiredtotalkabout.C.Thewordsyoufindhardtoremember.D.Thelistofmaterialyoureadonthetopic.32.Howcanyoureducenervousnessinapresentation?A.Knowyourspeechcontentwell.B.Arriveatthepresentationontime.C.TakealltheadvicefromyourfriendsD.Usenotechnologyincaseitgoeswrong.33.Tomakeaneffectivespeech,youneedto__________.A.writedowneverydetailonthenumberednotecardsB.presentasmuchinformationaspossibletoconveyyourideasC.readextensivelytocollectsufficientmaterialrelatedtoyourtopicD.usevividandplexvisualaidstodrawtheattentionofaudience【答案】31.B32.A33.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)可以幫助你做一個(gè)有效演講的步驟。【31題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Developaroughoutlineofwhatyoumightincludethiscanefromanykeypointsyourlecturehastoldyoutoinclude.(對(duì)你可能包括的內(nèi)容做一個(gè)粗略的概述——這可以是你的演講告訴你要包括的任何關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。)”可知，演講大綱中可以包括需要談?wù)摰囊c(diǎn)。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Practise部分下的第一段“Knowyourstuffconfidenceeswithknowledgeofcontent.Ifyouknowwhatyouaretalkingabout,thenyouwon’tfeelnervousaboutwhatyouaregoingtosay.(了解你的東西——自信伴隨著對(duì)內(nèi)容的了解。如果你知道你在說(shuō)什么，那么你就不會(huì)對(duì)你將要說(shuō)的感到緊張。)”可知，熟悉演講內(nèi)容可以減少演講中的緊張情緒，故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Widereadingwillhelpyougatherenoughmaterialandfocusyourresearchatthepreparationstage.(廣泛的閱讀將幫助你收集足夠的材料，并在準(zhǔn)備階段集中你的研究。)”可知，為了做一個(gè)有效的演講，你需要廣泛地閱讀來(lái)收集與你的主題相關(guān)的足夠的材料，故選C。BMywifeHannahandIusuallydon’tkeephouseplants.Anythinginpotsgetseitheroverwateredorunderwatered.Aftermydiagnosis(診斷)withabraincancer,Ilovedtohavesomethinggreenandalivearoundus.AndthenIgotaluckybambooplantinapotfrommyfriendMitch.ItoldHannahIwantedtocarefortheplantmyself.Asaphysician,Iwasusedtoprovidingcare.Sincemydiagnosis,Ihadtorelyonhelpfromotherpeople,leavingmefeelingaimlessandupset.WateringtheplanttaughtmeIcouldstillbeacaregiver.Overthenextfewmonths,Irecoveredfromsurgeryandpletedthefirstroundoftreatment.BoththebambooandIwerethriving(繁榮).Then,mysteriously,itbegantoshowsignsofstress.NomatterwhatIdid,theleaveskeptdroppingtothefloor,makingmediscouragedanduneasy.“Ican’tevencareforsimpleplant!”Iyelled.“I’mfailing!”Hannahremindedmethatwe’dseenhouseplantsdiebefore.SheaskedmewhyIwasgettingsoworkedupaboutthisparticularone.“Ifmyluckybamboodies,”Icriedout,“Imightdietoo!”Identifyingwiththeplanthadofferedmefort.Nowthattheplantwasstruggling,Ifeltincreasinglyfearful.Suddenly,oneday,IrealizedIhadwronglyconnectedmycarefortheplant—somethingoverwhichIhadatleastsomecontrol—withmyownsurvival—somethingoverwhichIhadnocontrol.Whenmycancerreturned,itwouldnotbebecauseofanyfailureonmypart—notbecauseIatesugaroccasionallyandcertainlynotbecauseIfailedtokeepthisplantalive.Asmyanxietylessened,Ilearnedfromonlinetipstocareformydyingplant.Imovedthebambootoalargerpot,separatingitsrootstogiveitroomtogrow.Whenitwasbackinthesunnywindow,webothbegantothriveagain.34.Whatmadetheauthorchangehisattitudetowardkeepinghouseplants?A.Herecoveredfromsurgery. B.Hegotaluckybambooplant.C.Hewasdiagnosedwithacancer. D.Helearnedhowtowateraplant.35.Whatwasthemaincausefortheauthor’sanxiety?A.Hisstrugglewithcancer.B.Hisdecisiontocarefortheplant.C.Hisinabilitytolookafterhimself.D.Hisbeliefinlinkinghissurvivaltotheplant’s.36.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Everythingestothosewhowait.B.Positivethinkingisacureofanxiety.C.Trustyourselfthatyoucandoitandgetit.D.Youcarrythepassporttoyourownsuccess.【答案】34.C35.D36.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者患癌之后養(yǎng)了一盆竹子，護(hù)理這盆竹子讓作者慢慢找到了自己的意義，但由于作者將竹子與自己的生存聯(lián)系在一起，竹子的不良反應(yīng)讓作者非常氣餒不安，后來(lái)作者意識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)，坦然接受了自己患癌這件無(wú)法控制的事情，也把這棵瀕死的植物救了回來(lái)。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“MywifeHannahandIusuallydon’tkeephouseplants.(我和妻子Hannah通常不養(yǎng)室內(nèi)植物。)”，“Aftermydiagnosis(診斷)withabraincancer,Ilovedtohavesomethinggreenandalivearoundus.(在我被診斷出患有腦癌后，我喜歡在我們周圍有一些綠色和有生命的東西。)”可知，作者被確診患有腦癌后，他開始喜歡養(yǎng)室內(nèi)植物了。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“‘Ifmyluckybamboodies,’Icriedout,‘Imightdietoo!’(‘如果我的幸運(yùn)竹子死了，’我喊道，‘我可能也會(huì)死！’)”，第七段“Identifyingwiththeplanthadofferedmefort.Nowthattheplantwasstruggling,Ifeltincreasinglyfearful.(認(rèn)同這株植物給了我安慰。現(xiàn)在這株植物正在掙扎，我感到越來(lái)越害怕。)”和第八段中的“Suddenly,oneday,IrealizedIhadwronglyconnectedmycarefortheplant—somethingoverwhichIhadatleastsomecontrol—withmyownsurvival—somethingoverwhichIhadnocontrol.(突然，有一天，我意識(shí)到我錯(cuò)誤地將我對(duì)植物的照顧——我至少可以控制的事情——與我自己的生存——我無(wú)法控制的事情聯(lián)系在一起。)”可知，作者感覺(jué)竹子死了的話自己也會(huì)死，所以看到這棵竹子在垂死掙扎，自己也非常害怕，后來(lái)他才意識(shí)到自己將照顧竹子和自己的生存聯(lián)系在一起，前者是可以控制的事情，而后者是不可控制的事情。由此可推測(cè)出，作者內(nèi)心焦慮是因?yàn)樗麑⒆约旱纳媾c竹子的命運(yùn)聯(lián)系在一起。故選D。【36題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第八段中的“Suddenly,oneday,IrealizedIhadwronglyconnectedmycarefortheplant—somethingoverwhichIhadatleastsomecontrol—withmyownsurvival—somethingoverwhichIhadnocontrol.(突然，有一天，我意識(shí)到我錯(cuò)誤地將我對(duì)植物的照顧——我至少可以控制的事情——與我自己的生存——我無(wú)法控制的事情聯(lián)系在一起。)”并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者患癌之后養(yǎng)了一盆竹子，對(duì)它悉心照料，不知不覺(jué)中將竹子與自己的存活聯(lián)系在了一起，竹子的不良反應(yīng)讓作者非常焦慮，后來(lái)作者意識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)，明白了自己癌癥復(fù)發(fā)并不是自己的問(wèn)題，也不是竹子造成的影響。再根據(jù)最后一段中的“Asmyanxietylessened,Ilearnedfromonlinetipstocareformydyingplant.(隨著我的焦慮減輕，我從網(wǎng)上學(xué)到了照顧瀕臨死亡的植物的技巧。)”可知，作者明白了這些道理后焦慮減輕了。由此可推測(cè)出，作者在思想上由消極到積極的轉(zhuǎn)變讓作者減輕了焦慮，積極的思想是治療焦慮的良藥。故選B。CGrowingup,ChelseaWooddreamedofbeingaseabiologistandstudyinglarge,excitinganimalslikesharks.Instead,shelaterfoundherselflookingthroughamicroscopeattheorgansofasnail(蝸牛)andsawthousandsoflittlewhitesausageshapedparasites(寄生蟲).Throughthemicroscope,eachparasitehadtwodarkeyespots,whichmadethemsurprisinglyattractive.“Icouldn’tbelievethatI’dbeenlookingatsnailsforaslongasIhadandmissingallthecoolstuffhappeninginsidethem,”saysWood,nowaparasitologistatUniversityofWashington.NearlyhalfofallknownanimalsonEarthareparasites.Accordingtoonestudy,atenthofthemmayalreadybecertaintoextinctionduetoclimatechange,lossoftheirhosts,andintentionalattemptsofwipingthemout.Butnowitseemsthatfewpeoplecare.Bydefinition,parasitesliveinoronahostandtakesomethingfromthathost.Butnotallparasitescauseharm,andonlyasmallpercentageaffecttheirhosts.Infact,parasitesplayessentialrolesinecosystems,keepingsomepopulationsincheckwhilehelpingtofeedothers.Withoutparasiteskeepingthemincheck,populationsofsomeanimalswouldexplode.Manyparasitesmoveintotheirnexthostbycontrollingthehostthey’rein,whichdrivethathostintoananimal’smouthsothattheanimalcanbefed.Evenhumanhealthwouldn’tentirelybenefitfromwipingoutparasites.Thehumanimmunesystem(免疫系統(tǒng))evolvedwithagroupofparasites,andwhenwekilledthemoff,ourimmunesystemsbeganattackingourselves.SomepeoplewithCrohn’sdiseasehaveevenpurposelyinfectedthemselveswithintestinal(腸道的)parasiteslivedeservesourattention.Ifyougettounderstandthem,youmayfindthebraveryandattractionofparasites.They’veevolvedclevermeansofsurvival,frombeingafish’stonguetocontrollingthemindofcockroach(蟑螂).However,scientistsaren’teagertosavealltheparasites.Theguineaworm,forinstance,getsahardpassfromeventhemoststubbornconservationists.Itgrowstoadulthoodinsideaperson’sleg,causingharmtoone’shealth.Ultimately,thegoalofpromotingparasiteconservationisn’ttomakeeveryonefallinlovewiththem.Instead,it’stocallarelaxationinourwaragainstallofthem,becausethere’sstillsomuchwedon’tunderstandabouttheirvaluetoecosystemsandmaybeeventopeople.37.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebyreferringtoChelseaWood’sstory?A.Allparasitologistsinitiallyintendedtostudyparasites.B.Parasitesareeasilyignoredparedwithlargeanimals.C.Animalslikesharkshavemoreresearchvaluethanparasites.D.Scientistsstudyparasitesbecauseoftheirattractiveappearance.38.Theauthorusestheexampleunderlinedinparagraph4to__________.A.introduceanapproach B.drawaparisonC.presentanassumption D.illustrateanargument39.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Parasitescansmartlysurvivewithouttheirhosts.B.Conservationistsbelieveallparasitesshouldbeprotected.C.Someparasitesareimportantforthebalanceofourecosystem.D.Parasitescanchangetheirhostsbydirectlymovingontootheranimals.40.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhyareparasitesDyingOut?B.WhyShouldWeSpareParasites?C.HowDoParasitesAffectEcosystems?D.HowCanWeCreateaWorldWithoutParasites?【答案】37.B38.D39.C40.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了并非所有的寄生蟲都會(huì)造成危害，事實(shí)上寄生蟲在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用，所以我們不應(yīng)該消滅所有寄生蟲。【37題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Growingup,ChelseaWooddreamedofbeingaseabiologistandstudyinglarge,excitinganimalslikesharks.Instead,shelaterfoundherselflookingthroughamicroscopeattheorgansofasnail(蝸牛)andsawthousandsoflittlewhitesausageshapedparasites(寄生蟲).Throughthemicroscope,eachparasitehadtwodarkeyespots,whichmadethemsurprisinglyattractive.(從小到大，切爾西·伍德一直夢(mèng)想成為一名海洋生物學(xué)家，研究像鯊魚這樣令人興奮的大型動(dòng)物。后來(lái)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己通過(guò)顯微鏡觀察蝸牛的器官，看到了成千上萬(wàn)的白色香腸形狀的小寄生蟲。通過(guò)顯微鏡觀察，每種寄生蟲都有兩個(gè)黑色的眼斑，這使得它們驚人地吸引人)”可知，ChelseaWood一直夢(mèng)想成為一名海洋生物學(xué)家，研究像鯊魚這樣令人興奮的大型動(dòng)物，一次觀察蝸牛器官時(shí)，她看到了成千上萬(wàn)的小寄生蟲，自從開始研究寄生蟲，由此可推知，作者引用切爾西·伍德的故事來(lái)表明與大型動(dòng)物相比，寄生蟲很容易被忽略。故選B?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Evenhumanhealthwouldn’tentirelybenefitfromwipingoutparasites.Thehumanimmunesystem(免疫系統(tǒng))evolvedwithagroupofparasites,andwhenwekilledthemoff,ourimmunesystemsbeganattackingourselves.SomepeoplewithCrohn’sdiseasehaveevenpurposelyinfectedthemselveswithintestinal(腸道的)parasiteslivedeservesourattention.(即使是人類的健康也不能完全從消滅寄生蟲中獲益。人類的免疫系統(tǒng)是由一群寄生蟲進(jìn)化而來(lái)的，當(dāng)我們殺死它們時(shí)，我們的免疫系統(tǒng)開始攻擊我們自己。一些患有克羅恩病的人甚至故意感染了腸道寄生蟲，這值得我們關(guān)注)”可推知，作者在第四段使用患有克羅恩病的人甚至故意感染了腸道寄生蟲這個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明我們不能完全殺死寄生蟲，否則會(huì)對(duì)身體有害這一觀點(diǎn)，故選D。【39題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Infact,parasitesplayessentialrolesinecosystems,keepingsomepopulationsincheckwhilehelpingtofeedothers.Withoutparasiteskeepingthemincheck,populationsofsomeanimalswouldexplode.(事實(shí)上，寄生蟲在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用，它們控制著一些種群，同時(shí)幫助喂養(yǎng)其他種群)”可推知，有些寄生蟲對(duì)我們生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡很重要。故選C。【40題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段中“Butnotallparasitescauseharm,andonlyasmallpercentageaffecttheirhosts.Infact,parasitesplayessentialrolesinecosystems,keepingsomepopulationsincheckwhilehelpingtofeedothers.Withoutparasiteskeepingthemincheck,populationsofsomeanimalswouldexplode.(但并非所有的寄生蟲都會(huì)造成危害，只有一小部分會(huì)影響寄主。事實(shí)上，寄生蟲在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用，它們控制著一些種群，同時(shí)幫助喂養(yǎng)其他種群。如果沒(méi)有寄生蟲來(lái)控制它們，一些動(dòng)物的數(shù)量就會(huì)爆炸)”，第四段中“Thehumanimmunesystem(免疫系統(tǒng))evolvedwithagroupofparasites,andwhenwekilledthemoff,ourimmunesystemsbeganattackingourselves.(人類的免疫系統(tǒng)是由一群寄生蟲進(jìn)化而來(lái)的，當(dāng)我們殺死它們時(shí)，我們的免疫系統(tǒng)開始攻擊我們自己)”和最后一段中“Ultimately,thegoalofpromotingparasiteconservationisn’ttomakeeveryonefallinlovewiththem.Instead,it’stocallarelaxationinourwaragainstallofthem,becausethere’sstillsomuchwedon’tunderstandabouttheirvaluetoecosystemsandmaybeeventopeople.(最終，促進(jìn)寄生蟲保護(hù)的目標(biāo)并不是讓每個(gè)人都愛(ài)上它們。相反，這是在呼吁放松我們對(duì)所有這些生物的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)匀挥刑嗖涣私馑鼈儗?duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，甚至對(duì)人類的價(jià)值)”可知，文章主要介紹了并非所有的寄生蟲都會(huì)造成危害，事實(shí)上寄生蟲在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用，因此我們不應(yīng)該消滅所有寄生蟲。B項(xiàng)“我們?yōu)槭裁磻?yīng)該饒恕寄生蟲？”適合做文章標(biāo)題，故選B。DTheartificialintelligencechatbotChatGPThasshakeneducatorssinceitsNovemberrelease.NewYorkCitypublicschoolshavebanneditfromtheirnetworksandschooldevices.Thereis,perhapssurprisingly,onesubjectareathatdoesn’tseemthreatened,ItturnsoutChatGPTisquitebadatmaths.“I’mnothearingmathsinstructorsexpressconcernaboutChatGPT,”saidPaulvonHippel,aprofessorattheUniversityofTexaswhostudiesdatascienceandstatistics.“I’mnotsureit’susefulformathsatall,whichfeelsstrangebecausemathswasthefirstusecasefortheartificialintelligencedevices.”ChatGPT’sstrugglewithmathsisinherentinthistypeofAI,knownasalargelanguagemodel.Itscansalargeamountoftextfromacrossthewebanddevelopsamodelthatmightbeextremelyeffectiveforwritinggrammaticallycorrectresponsestoessayrequirement,butnotforsolvingamathsproblem.Inanemail,IaskedDebarghyaDas,asearchengineengineer,whyChatGPTgetssomesimplequestionsrightbutotherspletelywrong.“Maybetherightanalogy(類比)isifyouaskaroomofpeople,whohavenoideawhatmathsisbuthavereadmanyhieroglyphics(象形文字),‘Whatesafter2+2,’theymightsay,‘Usually,weseea4,’That’swhatChatGPTisdoing.”But,headds,“Mathsisn’tjustaseriesofhieroglyphics.It’stheprocessofcalculating.”Itisn’tgreatforpretendingyouknowitthroughamathsclassbecauseyouonlyrecognizethemistakesifyouknowthemaths.Anotherreasonthatmathsinstructorsarelessanxiousaboutthisinnovationisthattheyhavebeenherebefore.Thefieldwasupendedforthefirsttimedecadesagowiththegeneralavailabilityofputersandcalculators.“Mathshashadthebiggestrevolutionbasedonmachineryofanymainstreamsubject,”saidConradWolfram,thestrategicdirectorofWolframResearch.“Intherealworld,sinceputerscamealong,havemaths,scienceandengineeringgottenconceptuallysimpler?No,pletelytheopposite.We’reaskingharderandharderquestions,goingupalevel.”Eventually,AIwillprobablygettothepointwhereitsmathsanswersarenotonlyconfidentbutcorrect.Apurelargelanguagemodelmightnotbeupforthejob,butthetechnologywillimprove.Ingeneral,however,AI,likeputers,willlikelyultimatelybemostusefulforthosewhoalreadyknowafieldwell.Theyknowthequestionstoask,howtoidentifytheshortingsandwhattodowiththeanswer.Atool,inotherwords,isforthosewhoknowthemostmaths,nottheleast.41.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inherent”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Stable. B.Practical. C.Limited. D.Natural.42WhatcanweknowfromDebarghya’sreply?A.Calculatingrequiressomeknowledgeofhieroglyphics.B.ChatGPTisgoodatsolvingmathematicalquestionsbyanalogy.C.ReadinghieroglyphicspreventsChatGPTsolvingmathsquestions.D.ChatGPT’sresponseisbasedonlanguagemodelsinsteadofcalculations.43.Whatcanbeinferredfrommathsinstructors’calmnessaboutChatGPT?A.ChatGPTisusefultoidentifymathsmistakes.B.Technicalrevolutionmademathseasiertounderstand.C.Newtechnologywillenduppushingtheboundariesofmaths.D.ChatGPThasbeenbannedfromnetworksandschooldevices.44.AsforAI,whichwouldtheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Itwillplaythelargestroleforprofessionalsinafield.B.Itwillbeeconfidenttosolveallthemathsproblems.C.Itwillturnthemathsfieldoveragainjustlikeputers.D.Itwilltakethejobsfromhumansasthetechnologyimproves.【答案】41.D42.D43.C44.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。人工智能機(jī)器人ChatGPT震撼了教育界，但數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域卻沒(méi)有受到威脅，并解釋了原因。【41題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段首句“ChatGPT’sstrugglewithmathsisinherentinthistypeofAI,knownasalargelanguagemodel.(這種作為大型語(yǔ)言模型而著名的人工智能，ChatGPT在數(shù)學(xué)上的掙扎是。)”和“butnotforsolvingamathsproblem(但不能解決數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題)”可知，ChatGPT是屬于大型語(yǔ)言模型的人工智能，是語(yǔ)言類的，不能解決數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題，所以它在數(shù)學(xué)上的掙扎是自然的，與生俱來(lái)的。故劃線詞應(yīng)為“自然的，與生俱來(lái)的”詞義。故選D。

【42題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中““Maybetherightanalogy(類比)isifyouaskaroomofpeople,whohavenoideawhatmathsisbuthavereadmanyhieroglyphics(象形文字),‘Whatesafter2+2,’theymightsay,‘Usually,weseea4,’That’swhatChatGPTisdoing.”But,headds,“Mathsisn’tjustaseriesofhieroglyphics.It’stheprocessofcalculating.”(“也許正確的類比是，如果你問(wèn)一屋子不知道數(shù)學(xué)是什么，但讀過(guò)很多象形文字的人，‘2+2等于什么’，他們可能會(huì)說(shuō)，‘通常我們看到的是4’，這就是ChatGPT正在做的事情?！钡牵a(bǔ)充道：“數(shù)學(xué)不僅僅是一系列象形文字。這是計(jì)算的過(guò)程?！?”可知，工程師Debarghya將ChatGPT的原理通過(guò)將其類比成不懂?dāng)?shù)學(xué)、懂象形文字的人來(lái)解數(shù)學(xué)題進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，可得出ChatGPT的回應(yīng)是基于語(yǔ)言模式而不是計(jì)算過(guò)程。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句“Anotherreasonthatmathsinstructorsarelessanxiousaboutthisinnovationisthattheyhavebeenherebefore.Thefieldwasupendedforthefirsttimedecadesagowiththegeneralavailabilityofputersandcalculators.(數(shù)學(xué)教師對(duì)這種創(chuàng)新不那么焦慮的另一個(gè)原因是，他們以前也遇到過(guò)這種情況。幾十年前，隨著計(jì)算機(jī)和