大學英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷58（共205題）

大學英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷58（共9套）（共205題）大學英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、仔細閱讀(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Here'sawarningfromhealthexperts:Sittingisdeadly.Scientistsareincreasinglywarningthatsittingforprolongedperiods—evenifyoualsoexerciseregularly—couldbebadforyourhealth.Anditdoesn'tmatterwherethesittingtakesplace—attheoffice,atschool,inthecarorbeforeacomputerorTV—justtheoverallnumberofhoursitoccurs.Researchispreliminary,butseveralstudiessuggestpeoplewhospendmostoftheirdayssittingaremorelikelytobefat,haveaheartattackorevendie.InaneditorialpublishedthisweekintheBritishJournalofSportsMedicine,ElinEkblom-BakoftheSwedishSchoolofSportandHealthSciencessuggestedthatauthoritiesrethinkhowtheydefinephysicalactivitytohighlightthedangersofsitting.Whilehealthofficialshaveissuedguidelinesrecommendingminimumamountsofphysicalactivity,theyhaven'tsuggestedpeopletrytolimithowmuchtimetheyspendinaseatedposition."Afterfourhoursofsitting,thebodystartstosendharmfulsignals,"Ekblom-Baksaid.Sheexplainedthatgenesregulatingtheamountofglucoseandfatinthebodystarttoshutdown.Evenforpeoplewhoexercise,spendinglongstretchesoftimesittingatadeskisstillharmful.TimArmstrong,aphysicalactivityexpertattheWorldHealthOrganization,saidpeoplewhoexerciseeveryday—butstillspendalotoftimesitting—mightgetmorebenefitifthatexercisewerespreadacrosstheday,ratherthaninasinglebout.Thatwasn'twelcomenewsforAytekinCan,31,whoworksataLondonfinancialcompany,andspendsmostofhisdayssittinginfrontofacomputer.Severaleveningsaweek,Canalsoteachesjiujitsu,aJapanesemartialartinvolvingwrestling,andalsodoesThaiboxing."I'msuretherearesomedetrimentaleffectsofstayingstillfortoolong,butIhopethatbeingactivewhenIcanhelps,"hesaid."Iwouldn'twanttothinkthesittingcouldbethatdangerous."Still,inastudypublishedlastyearthattrackedmorethan17,000Canadiansforaboutadozenyears,researchersfoundpeoplewhosatmorehadahigherdeathrisk,independentlyofwhetherornottheyexercised.FiguresfromaUSsurveyin2003-2004foundAmericansspendmorethanhalftheirtimesitting,fromworkingattheirdeskstosittingincars.Expertssaidmoreresearchisneededtofigureoutjusthowmuchsittingisdangerous,andwhatmightbepossibletooffsetthoseeffects."Peopleshouldkeepexercisingbecausethathasalotofbenefits,"Ekblom-Baksaid."Butwhenthey'reintheoffice,theyshouldtrytointerruptsittingasoftenaspossible,"shesaid."Don'tjustsendyourcolleagueane-mail.Walkoverandtalktohim.Standup."1、Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A、Exercisingmorecanreducetheharmbroughtbysitting.B、Sittingforalongtimeisharmfulforpeople’shealth.C、Exercisingregularlyisalsobadforpeople’shealth.D、Whereyousitwillnotaffectyourhealth.標準答案：B知識點解析：主旨題。文章開頭講到“Here’sawarningfromhealthexperts：Sittingisdeadly．”(健康專家發(fā)出警告：久坐會致命)，然后展開來講久坐有害健康：即使經常鍛煉身體，不管你坐在哪里，久坐都有害健康。故第一段的中心思想是：久坐有害健康。B項正確。2、Ifsomeonespendsmostofhisdayssitting,thefollowingwillbelikelytobecausedexcept______.A、hewillbelikelytobefatB、hemayhaveaheartattackC、hemayhaveastomachacheD、hemayevendieifsittingtoolong標準答案：C知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據題干中的“Ifsomeonespendsmostofhisdayssitting。”可定位至第二段“Researchispreliminary，butseveralstudiessuggestpeoplewhospendmostoftheirdayssittingaremorelikelytobefat，haveaheartattackorevendie”，由此可知，每天大部分時間都處于靜坐狀態(tài)的人更容易發(fā)胖、患心臟病甚至死亡。但文中并沒有提到久坐會引起胃痛，故選擇C項。3、Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"Evenforpeoplewhoexercise,spendinglongstretchesoftimesittingatadeskisstillharmful?"(Para.6)?A、Exercisingcan’thelpreducetheharmcausedbysitting.B、Theharmdependsontheprolongedtimesittingatadesk.C、Exercisingisnotnecessaryforpeople.D、Exercisinghasnoadvantagesforpeoplewhooftensit.標準答案：B知識點解析：推斷題。題干中的句子意為“即使對那些經常鍛煉的人來說，長時間坐著也有害?！痹摼渌诙沃v到，世界衛(wèi)生組織的身體鍛煉專家蒂姆·阿姆斯特朗說，對于那些每天鍛煉但依然有很多時間是處于靜坐狀態(tài)的人來說．如果每天的鍛煉可分散進行而不是一次集中完成，效果會更好。由此可推知，久坐的危害取決于持續(xù)很長時間的坐的動作。如果鍛煉時間和坐下來的時間都很集中。那么危害就很大。因此，正確答案是B。4、Whatdoesthelastparagraphshow?A、Tointerruptsittingasoftenaspossibleisgoodforpeople’shealth.B、Sittingforlongtimecanhardlybeavoided.C、Keepexercisingcaneliminatetheharmofsitting.D、Officeworkersdon’tliketoexercise.標準答案：A知識點解析：推斷題。文章最后一段講到，“人們應該堅持鍛煉，因為鍛煉身體益處多多。但當他們在辦公室時，應該盡可能多地起來活動活動”，也就是盡可能多的中斷坐的時間會對人的健康有益。A項正確。5、Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A、PeopleshouldkeepexercisingB、Exercisingmaynotreducetheharmofsitting.C、Sittingforlongtimeisdeadly.D、Howtoeliminatetheharmofsitting?標準答案：C知識點解析：主旨題。本文主要講述、了久坐危害健康，甚至引起死亡的研究發(fā)現，也就是文章開頭，提到的“Sittingisdeadly．”(久坐會致命)，C項正確，A項突出了“exercising”，偷換了文章主題；B項意為“鍛煉身體可能不會緩解久坐的危害”，該說法片面：D選項意為“如何消除久坐的危害?”文章倒數第二段提到“Expertssaidmoreresearchisneededtofigureoutjusthowmuchsittingisdangerous，andwhatmightbepossibletooffsetthoseeffects．”，可見目前還沒有發(fā)現消除久坐危害的對策，故錯誤。We'vegotitallwrong,saysCarlosSlim,theMexicantelecomstycoonandworld'ssecond-richestman:weshouldbeworkingonlythreedaysaweek.AttendingabusinessconferenceinParaguay,Mr.Slimsaiditwastimefora"radicaloverhaul"ofpeople'sworkinglives.Insteadofbeingabletoretireat50or60,hesays,weshouldworkuntilweareolder—buttakemoretimeoffaswedoso."Peoplearegoingtohavetoworkformoreyears,untiltheyare70or75,andjustworkthreedaysaweek—perhaps11hoursaday,"hetoldtheconference,accordingtoPnewsagency."Withthreeworkdaysaweek,wewouldhavemoretimetorelaxforqualityoflife.Havingfourdays(off)wouldbeveryimportanttogeneratenewentertainmentactivitiesandotherwaysofbeingoccupied."The74-year-oldself-mademagnatebelievesthatsuchamovewouldgenerateahealthierandmoreproductivelabourforce,whiletacklingfinancialchallengeslinkedtolongevity.Heisputtinghismoneywherehismouthis.InhisTelmexfixed-linephonecompanyinMexico,whereworkersonacollectivelabourcontractwhojoinedthecompanyintheirlateteensareeligibletoretirebeforetheyare50,hehasinstitutedavoluntaryschemeallowingsuchworkerstokeepworking,onfullpay,buttheyonlyneedtoworkfourdaysaweek.Mr.SlimstunnedtheMexicanbusinessworldthismonthwithplanstobreakuphisAmericaMovilempire,sellingaboutafifthofitsassets,inordertoavoidregulatorysanctions.Hiscompaniesdominate80percentofthefixed-lineand70percentofthemobilemarketsinMexico—aboveanew50percentthreshold.Themagnateisakeenstrategistandphilanthropist,whohasoftensaidwhathelikestodobestistothink.Hehascultivatedinterestsoutsidethecorporateworld:hispassionforRodinsculptureandartcollectingisevidentintheSoumayamuseuminMexicoCitydedicatedtohislatewife.Anotherofhisdeep-heldbeliefsisthateducationshouldberethought.HetoldtheconferenceinParaguaythatitshould"notbeboring,butshouldbefun"andshouldteachpeople"nottomemorizebuttoreason;nottodomesticatebuttotrain".Healsocalledformorevocationaltraining.Mr.Slim,whoisattheageof74already,meanwhile,appearstohavenoplanstoretire."Lookatwhoherespects:the(Mexican)bankerManuelEspinosaYglesiaswassomethingofamentor,andhewasstillworkinginhislate80s,"saidAndrewPaxman,aBritishhistorianwhoiswritingabookaboutMr.Slim.6、WhichisnotthereasonofhavingfourdaysoffaweekbeingveryimportantaccordingtoMr.Slim?A、Peoplewillhavemoretimetorelaxandachievequalityoflife.B、Peoplecangeneratenewentertainmentactivitiesinthesparetime.C、Peoplewillhavetimetothinkaboutotherwaysofbeingoccupied.D、Peoplewillbehappyandmorewillingtogotowork.標準答案：D知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據題干中的“havingfourdaysoffaweek”和“veryimportant”可定位至第二段末句“‘Withthreeworkdaysaweek，wewouldhavemoretimetorelax；forqualityoflife．Havingfourdays[off]wouldbeveryimportanttogeneratenewentertainmentactivitiesandotherwaysofbeingoccupied．’”，由此可知，一周休息四天有利于提高生活質量，有利于創(chuàng)造新的娛樂活動以及消磨時間的新方法。A、B、C三項均符合文意，故選擇D。7、WhichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofworkingthreedaysaweekinMr.Slim’sopinion?A、Themovecangenerateahealthierlabourforce.B、Thelabourwillbemoreproductive.C、Peoplewillremainhappyifso.D、Itwilltacklefinancialchallengeslinkedtolongevity.標準答案：C知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據題干中的“theadvantageofworkingthreedaysaweek”可定位至第二段中“The74-year-oldself-mademagnatebelievesthatsuchamovewouldgenerateahealthierandmoreproductivelabourforce，whiletacklingfinancialchallengeslinkedtolongevity．”，A、B、D均包含在該句中，C項文章并未提及，故選擇C。8、ThesearetheidentitiesofMr.Slimexcept______.A、heisamagnateB、heisadiplomatistC、heisastrategistD、heisaphilanthropist標準答案：B知識點解析：細節(jié)題。關于斯利姆先生的身份，文章第二段明確提到“The74-year-oldself-mademagnate”(這位白手起家的74歲富豪)，故A項符合他的身份，再根據“Themagnateisakeenstrategistandphilanthropist”可知，斯利姆先生是一位決策家和慈善家，則C、D項符合，而B項“他是一位外交家”，文章并未提到，故不符合他的身份。9、WhatisMr.Slim’sdeep-beliefineducation?A、Todomesticate,tomemorizeandtotrain.B、Tobefun,toreasonandtomemorize.C、Tobefun,tomemorizeandtotrain.D、Tobefun,toreasonandtotrain.標準答案：D知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據題干中的“Mr．Slim’sdeep-beliefineducation”可定位至文章第四段，根據前兩句Anotherofhisdeep-heldbeliefsisthateducationshouldberethought．HetoldtheconferenceinParaguaythatitshould“notbeboring，butshouldbefun”andshouldteachpeople“nottomemorizebuttoreason；nottodomesticatebuttotrain”．可知，斯利姆先生認為教育“不應該是無聊的，而應該是有趣的”，應該教會人們“推理而不是記憶；應該是一種訓練而不是馴養(yǎng)”。D項符合文意。10、Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe______.A、CarlosSlimCallsforaThree-dayWorkingWeekB、PeopleFavouraThree-dayWorkingWeekC、WorkingThreeDaysaWeekiswithadvantagesD、WorkingThreeDaysaWeekWillbeImplemented標準答案：A知識點解析：主旨題。本文主要講述了墨西哥電信業(yè)大亨、全球第二大富豪卡洛斯·斯利姆(CarlosSlim)提倡一周只工作三天，接著闡述了這樣工作的好處，以及他自己所做的努力。A項意為“卡洛斯·斯利姆提倡一周工作三天”，能夠完整概括本文的主旨大意。B、C項太片面，D項文中未提到。Oftenheardpeoplecomplainabout,whynotmyface,whysobadweathertoday,whydoIliveinsuchapoorfamily,whyGodtoldme...whyshouldwecomplainaboutitcomplainedthatit?Lifewasnotallthebest,lifewasnotperfect,onthecontrary,theupsanddowns,istheroutine.Donotcomplain,everyone'slifewillnotbeeasy,butpreciselybecauseofthesetwistsandturnsinfoldingwave,acquiredacolourfullife.Ifwecanoftenlookattheissuefromanotherangle,youmighteasilyfindthelifeisstillveryexciting.Youcan'tchangetheface,smile,whydon'tyouthinkaboutindulgence;youcan'tchangetheweather,whydon'tyouchangethemood?Asthesayinggoes:afterthestorm.Thesameistrueoflife,aftertrainingcanoftenmakelifewonderful.China,awritercametotheUnitedStates,hesawafloweroftheoldladyisalwaysveryhappy,verystrange.Hewouldpickaflowerasked:"Whyareyoualwayssohappy?"Repliedtheoldlady.Anditmadethewriterstandinamazement."ThatJesuswascrucifiedistheworld'sdarkestday,threedayslatertoEaster.Allthetroubletowaitforthreedaysaslongastherightnottovanishintothinair?"Writerfortheoldladyansweredandmovedanoldladycouldlookatthisfreeandeasylife,couldseesothoroughlytolife.Kinginventors—Edisonfilamentdoinordertofindthebestmaterialshavebeendonea1,000experimentmanytimesandfailed.Havealaughathisneighbour:"DoyouKnowtodo1,000experimentshavefailedmanytimes?"Edisonsaid:"Iamnotfoundmorethan1,000kindsofinappropriatematerialfilamentsoit?"Edisonfailedtolookatfromanotherangle,heisquitesurethatitcanbethemostsuitablematerials,ispreciselybecauseofthisself-confidence,theyareabletomakeunremittingefforts,finallysuccessful.Peopletolovelife,lovelife,tohaveself-confidence,itisnecessarytomakeunremittingeffortstowardsthetarget,likeAiQingsaid,"Evenifweareacandle,waxshouldbedrybeforethetorchashestears;eventhoughweareamatchshouldbeatthecrucialmomentthereisarayoflight,"ifso,willthemeaningofourlives,ourliveswillbeabletoissueastrangeglory.Finally,Ihadtoremindyouthatinthefaceofsetbacks,donotcomplainaboutitcomplainedthattheold,andtolearnhowtotransformtheissueofperspective,sothatlifeisnotsusceptibleto"rain"byknockout.11、Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A、Peopleareaccustomedtocomplaininglife.B、Peoplearenotsatisfiedwiththeirlives.C、Lifeisnotperfectanddon’tcomplain.D、Thelifeofeverybodyismiserable.標準答案：C知識點解析：主旨題。文章第一段講到作者自己經常聽到別人抱怨，作者認為生活本來就不是十全十美，進而引出話題：對待生活的態(tài)度——不要抱怨。選項中，C項“生活并不完美，不要抱怨”與原文文意最為貼切，因此選擇C。12、Whichisthesynonymof"twistsandturns"(Line5,Para.1)?A、Repetitions.B、Misery.C、Complaints.D、Setbacks.標準答案：D知識點解析：語義題。文章開頭講到生活并不完美，有很多起起伏伏，生活并非一帆風順，“twistsandturns”所在句與前半句用but連接，構成轉折關系，因而，“twistsandturns”與一帆風順意思相反，選項中，只有D項“setbacks(挫折，波折)”與“一帆風順”意思相反。13、Whatistherelationshipbetweenthesecondparagraphandthethirdparagraph?A、Thetwoparagraphsareparalleling.B、Thethirdparagraphistheillustrationofthepriorone.C、Causeandeffect.D、Comparisonandcontrast.標準答案：B知識點解析：推斷題。本題考查對文章內在邏輯的理解。文章第二段主要內容為：換個角度來看問題，你可能會很容易發(fā)現自己的人生照樣很精彩。接著作者在第三段引用了兩個事例來證明換個角度看問題的重要性。因此．第三段為第二段提供了例證。14、Whatdoestheoldlady’ssayinginparagraph3mean?A、Goodluckwillcomethreedayslater.B、Timecanappeaseallofwound.C、Lookingatissuesfromanotheranglewillmakeyouhappy.D、Peopleshouldbehopefultothefuture.標準答案：C知識點解析：推斷題。第三段中，老太太說：“耶穌被釘在十字架上是全世界最黑暗的一天，可三天后就是復活節(jié)。一切的煩惱只要等待三天不就煙消云散了嗎?”，而第三段為第二段提供了例證，即換個角度看問題就可以活得精彩。因此，老太太這番話意為：換個角度看問題便可豁然開朗。C項符合。15、Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardslife?A、Positive.B、Indifferent.C、Pessimistic.D、Radical.標準答案：A知識點解析：態(tài)度題。作者在文章開頭講到，生活并不完美，不要抱怨，換個角度看問題生活依舊精彩，接著作者引用了兩個事例來證明換角度看問題的重要性。最后倡導人們要熱愛生活，熱愛生命。由此可判斷，作者對于生活的態(tài)度是積極樂觀的。NBAcentreJasonCollinsrecentlyannouncedhewasgayinacoverstoryforSportsIllustrated.Inotherwords,he"cameoutofthecloset."Thisexpressionforrevealingone'shomosexualitymayseemnatural.Beingintheclosetimplieshidingfromtheoutsideworld,andtheactofcomingoutofitimpliesthewilltostophiding.Butthoughtheclosethaslongbeenametaphorforprivacyorsecrecy,itsusewithreferencetohomosexualityisrelativelyrecent.AccordingtoGeorgeChauncey'scomprehensivehistoryofmoderngayculture,GayNewYork,theclosetmetaphorwasnotusedbygaypeopleuntilthe1960s.Beforethen,itdoesn'tappearanywhere"intherecordsofthegaymovementorinthenovels,diaries,orlettersofgaymenandlesbians.""Comingout,"however,haslongbeenusedinthegaycommunity,butitfirstmeantsomethingdifferentthanitdoesnow."Agayman'scomingoutoriginallyreferredtohisbeingformallypresentedtothelargestcollectivemanifestationofprewargaysociety,theenormousdragballsthatwerepatternedonthedebutanteandmasqueradeballsofthedominantcultureandwereregularlyheldinNewYork,Chicago,NewOrleans,Baltimore,andothercities."Thephrase"comingout"didnotrefertocomingoutofhiding,buttojoiningintoasocietyofpeers.Thephrasewasborrowedfromtheworldofdebutanteballs,whereyoungwomen"cameout"inbeingofficiallyintroducedtosociety.Thegaydebutanteballswereamatterofpublicrecordandoftencoveredinthenewspaper,so"comingout"withingaysocietyoftenmeantrevealingyoursexualorientationinthewidersocietyaswell,butthephrasedidn'tnecessarilycarrytheimplicationthatifyouhadn'tyetcomeout,youwerekeepingitasecret.Therewereothermetaphorsfortheactofhidingorrevealinghomosexuality.Gaypeoplecould"wearamask"or"takeoffthemask".Amancould"wearhishairup"or"lethishairdown",or"drophairpins"thatwouldonlyberecognizedbyothergaymen.Itisunclearexactlywhengaypeoplestartedusingtheclosetmetaphor,but"itmayhavebeenusedinitiallybecausemanymenwhoremained'covert'thoughtoftheirhomosexualityasasortof'skeletoninthecloset'."Itmayalsohavecomefromoutsiderswhovieweditthatway.Itseemsthat"comingoutofthecloset"wasbornasamixtureoftwometaphors:adebutanteproudlysteppingintothearmsofacommunityandashockingsecretbeingkeptinhiding.Nowthecommunityisthewidercommunity,andthesecretisnolongershocking."Comingout"isausefulphrase,butitneednotimplyacloset.16、Whydid"comeoutofthecloset"seemsnaturalwhenreferstorevealingone’shomosexuality?A、BecausehomosexualcouplesliveinaplacenamedCloset.B、Becauseboththeclosetandhomosexualitymeanprivacy.C、BecauseJasonCollinshasrefrainedfromNBA.D、Becausepeoplealwaysuse"closet"torefertohomosexuality.標準答案：B知識點解析：推斷題。根據題干中的“‘comeoutofthecloset’seemnatural”可定位至第一段“Beingintheclosetimplieshidingfromtheoutsideworld．andtheactofcomingoutofitimpliesthewilltostophiding．”由此可知，“柜”和“同性戀”有共同點——將秘密隱藏起來，也就是它們都代表著隱私，而“出柜”便是將秘密公開，因此，用“出柜”來形容同性戀公開看起來很自然。17、Whichofthefollowingstatementabout"comingout"isTrue?A、Closetisalwaysthemetaphorofhomosexuality.B、Theoriginalmeaningofthephraseistherevealingofhomosexuality.C、Thephrasewasborrowedfromtheworldofdebutanteballs.D、Thephrase"comingout"onlyreferstocomingoutofhiding.標準答案：C知識點解析：細節(jié)題。A項意為“‘柜’一直是同性戀的隱喻”，這與第二段“…theclosetmetaphorwasnotusedbygaypeopleuntilthe1960s．”相矛盾，因此錯誤；B選項意為“‘出柜’最初的意思是公開同性戀”，這與第三段“Agayman’scomingoutoriginallyreferredtohisbeingformallypresentedtothelargestcollectivemanifestationofprewargaysociety，”不相符；C選項意為“‘出柜’一詞是從上流女子舞會里借用過來的”，與第三段“Thephrasewasborrowedfromtheworldofdebutanteballs”相符合，故正確；D項與第三段“Thephrase“comingout”didnotrefertocomingoutofhiding”意思相反。因此選擇C。18、Whatdoes"takeoffthemask"meanamonggaypeople?A、Toshowheishomosexual.B、Tohidehishomosexuality.C、Itmeansthathewantstochangehissexualorientation.D、Itmeansthathedoesn’twanttobehomosexual.標準答案：A知識點解析：推斷題。根據題干中的“takeoffthemask”可定位至第四段“Therewereothermetaphorsfortheactofhidingorrevealinghomosexuality．Gaypeoplecould‘wearamask’or‘takeoffthemask’．”加之．“戴上面具”本身意味著神秘地隱藏起來，而“摘下面具”則意味著公開，故“戴上面具”指的是向人公開自己是同性戀。19、Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A、Thephrase"comingout"isonlyusedinthegaycommunity.B、Themeaningof"comingout"isbecomingwiderandwider.C、Thephrase"comingout"onlystandsforashockingsecretinhidingD、Themeaningof"comingout"hasnotchangeduntilnow.標準答案：B知識點解析：推斷題。文章最后一段講述了“出柜”一詞的隱喻意，而隨著社交群體的寬泛，“出柜”一詞已經不再暗指隱秘，可見其意思越來越寬泛了。20、Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A、Thephrase"comingout"isusedingaycommunity.B、Thephrase"comingout"meansrevealingofhomosexuality.C、Themeaningofthephrase"comingout"hasnotchanged.D、Thedevelopmentoftheuseof"comingout".標準答案：D知識點解析：主旨題。本文以“NBA中鋒杰森·柯林斯最近在《體育畫報》的封面故事中宣布他是同性戀”一事引入文章的主題——“出柜”，接著文章探索了“出柜”一詞的出現時間、適用對象及其意義的演變過程，最后提到，如今“出柜”一詞意義更廣了，因此，本文主要講述了“出柜”一詞應用的發(fā)展演變過程，D項符合。大學英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、詞匯理解(本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。)AccordingtoascientificstudypublishedinApril,2015,birdshaveshowntheycanplanforafuturestateofmind.Hoarding【C1】________forfutureuseisnotuniquetohumans.Birds,squirrelsandmonkeysdoit.Buttheabilitytothinknotjustabouttomorrow,buttorealizehowtomorrow'sfeelingsmightdifferfromtoday's,wasthoughttobethe【C2】________ofpeople.ThisweekresearchersdemonstratedthatWesternscrub-jays,atypeofcrow,candoit,too.Theresearchers,ledbyNickyClaytonoftheUniversityofCambridge,wantedtotestanideaproposedbyWolfgangKohler,NorbertBischofandDorisBischofKohler,threeGermanpsychologists.TheBischofKohlerhypothesissaysthatonlyhumanscanmentallyseparatethemselvesfromwhattheyareexperiencingto【C3】________howtheymightfeelaboutfutureevents.Totestwhetherthisisso,Dr.Claytonandhercolleaguessoughttoteaseapartscrub-jays'【C4】________desiresfromtheirplanningforfutureneeds.Theyletthebirdseatasmuchofonefoodastheywanted,exploitingaconditioncalledspecificsatiety(飽租)—oncethebirdsarefullofonefood,theyshowstrong【C5】________forsomethingdifferent.Theythenofferedthebirdsthatsamefoodorasecondonetostoreforlater.【C6】________thescrub-jaysbehavedaspredicted,choosingtostowawaythesecondfood,whichtheyhadnotjusteaten.Butminutesbeforeallowingthebirdsto【C7】________theirstorage,theresearchersfedthebirdstosatietywiththatsecondfood—theonetheyhadalreadystored.Thebirdschangedtheirhoardingpreferencesontheverynexttrial.Eventhoughtheyhadjusthadtheirfillofthefirstfood,theystillhoardit,presumablybecausetheythoughtitwouldbetheirpreferredchoicelater.Theresultsarepublishedinthisweek'sCurrentBiology.Thefindingmattersbecausethebirdsseemtoplanaheadforwhattheywillwantlater,eventhoughtheirchoiceconflictswithwhattheywantnow.Itcouldprompta【C8】________ofhowanimalsperceivetheworldaroundthem.Withoutthebenefitof【C9】________subjectswhocanexplaintheirthinking?However,Dr.Claytonandhercolleagueswillhavetodevelopevenmorecunningexperimentsto【C10】________complexmentalprocessesfromsimplebehavior.A)conceiveF)IncidentallyK)preferenceB)contendG)inferL)preserveC)experimentalH)InitiallyM)provisionsD)explicitI)momentaryN)reassessmentE)homogeneousJ)predecessorO)recover1、【C1】標準答案：M知識點解析：名詞辨析題。根據空格前的hoarding可知，空格處缺少名詞作其賓語?？崭袂懊娴膭用~hoarding“貯藏，囤積”可以與備選名詞中的provisions“糧食，食物”搭配使用，再聯系下文的“Birds，squirrelsandmonkeysdoit.”可推知，動物也有為未來貯存食物的能力，故M為正確答案。2、【C2】標準答案：L知識點解析：名詞辨析題。根據空格前的the和之后的ofpeople可推斷此處缺少名詞。結合上文可推知，此處意為：不僅能想著明天，而且還能意識到明天的感覺會如何不同于今天，這種能力曾被認為是人類所獨有的。備選名詞中的preserve“獨有活動”符合句意，故L為正確答案。3、【C3】標準答案：A知識點解析：動詞辨析題。根據空格前的to可推斷此處缺少動詞?？崭窦捌浜蟮馁e語從句howtheymightfeelaboutfutureevents意為“設想他們對未來的感覺”。備選動詞中只有conceive“想象，設想”符合句意，故A為正確答案。4、【C4】標準答案：I知識點解析：形容詞辨析題。根據空格后的desiresfrom，該空缺少形容詞作定語。由本句句意可知，空格處所填的詞應與from后的theirplanningforfutureneeds“對未來需要的打算”表達相反的意思——“即時欲望”，備選形容詞中只有momentary“短暫的，瞬間的”符合句意，故I為正確答案。5、【C5】標準答案：K知識點解析：名詞辨析題。由空格前的形容詞strong可知，該空缺少名詞。由空格所在句破折號前的specificsatiety可知，只要這些鳥飽食一種食物，那它們就會表現出對其他食物強烈的偏好，因此preference“偏好，偏愛”符合句意，故K為正確答案。6、【C6】標準答案：H知識點解析：副詞辨析題。句子基本結構完整，且空格位于句首，故推斷此處缺少副詞。結合上下文可知，空格所在句是指實驗的最初階段，故H項Initially“最初”符合句意，為正確答案。7、【C7】標準答案：O知識點解析：動詞辨析題?？崭裉幱赼llowsb.／sth.todosth.句型中，可推斷此處缺少動詞。由空格之后的句子可推知，在接下來的實驗中，研究人員們先用這些鳥已經儲備的第二種食物將其喂飽，幾分鐘后，再讓鳥________儲備的食物，結果，它們的選擇發(fā)生了變化。備選動詞中，recover“重新找到”可以與空格后的theirstorage“它們儲備的食物”搭配使用，故O為正確答案。8、【C8】標準答案：N知識點解析：名詞辨析題。根據空格前的a以及空格后的of可知，該空缺少名詞。由空格所在句的上一句可推知本句句意為：實驗促使人們重新估量動物是如何感知這個世界的。故N項reassessment“重新估計”符合句意，為正確答案。9、【C9】標準答案：C知識點解析：形容詞辨析題。由空格后的subjects可知，該空缺少形容詞。由上文對于實驗的介紹可以推知本句句意為：無法借助這樣的實驗對象時，誰可以解釋這些鳥類的想法呢?故C項experimental“實驗的”符合句意，為正確答案。10、【C10】標準答案：G知識點解析：動詞辨析題。由空格前的to可推斷此處缺少動詞。本句句意為：然而，克雷頓博士與她的研究組不得不設計更加精妙的實驗來從實驗對象的簡單行為________復雜的思維過程。備選動詞中的infer可以與from搭配，意為“從……推斷出……”符合句意，故G為正確答案。二、長篇閱讀(本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。)Obama'sSuccessIsn'tAllGoodNewsforBlackAmericansA)AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls."I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."B)White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected—thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharborracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterizehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."StinginthetailC)AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehavior.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.D)Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.E)TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.DramaticshiftF)Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"—ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergizedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.LingeringracismG)IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots(同胞)?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic(有魅力的)blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly,insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or