2025年中考英語(yǔ)重難點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文

重難點(diǎn)27閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文

"英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文”，顧名思義，就是一種以“說(shuō)明、解釋”為主要表達(dá)方式的英語(yǔ)文體。它是對(duì)客觀事物的性狀、

特點(diǎn)、功能和用途等作科學(xué)解說(shuō)的。它既不像故事那樣重在情節(jié)的敘述和描寫(xiě)，也不像議論文那樣，重在闡明主張

和論點(diǎn)論據(jù)；更不像科幻作品那樣富于想象和虛構(gòu)夸張。說(shuō)明文是通過(guò)解說(shuō)事物、闡明事理，使人們?cè)鲩L(zhǎng)知識(shí)和技

能。

說(shuō)明文閱讀理解的特征

一般說(shuō)來(lái)，英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文與其他文體一樣，文章所涉及的內(nèi)容不外乎以下幾個(gè)方面，即who-what—?when-

where—>how—>why。

1.who：?jiǎn)柕氖沁@篇文章的主體是誰(shuí)？（即所要說(shuō)明和描述的人或事物）

2.what：?jiǎn)柕氖侵黧w做了什么事情？（即主體表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）

3.when和where：是在何時(shí)何地發(fā)生的？（即何時(shí)何地所表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）

4.how：通過(guò)什么方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的？

5.why：這種特性功能用途的原因是什么？

做說(shuō)明文閱讀理解題的時(shí)候，一定要記住上面的wh-word。邊閱讀，邊搜記，牢記要點(diǎn)，把握全文。

說(shuō)明文是中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題中的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容之一。說(shuō)明文具有與自己特點(diǎn)相適應(yīng)的說(shuō)明方法，因此說(shuō)明文結(jié)構(gòu)

復(fù)雜，專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)多，易于拉開(kāi)考生分?jǐn)?shù)檔次，便于分層次選拔人才。然而對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)明文抽象度高，解題難度

大。中考對(duì)說(shuō)明文的考查多為科普知識(shí)，動(dòng)植物特性、自然現(xiàn)象和新產(chǎn)品、新工藝介紹以及人文地理、風(fēng)土人情等

方面的說(shuō)明文，文中解釋性、定義性、說(shuō)明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握說(shuō)明文的命題特點(diǎn)，敘述方式，以冷靜

的心態(tài)閱讀原文，重點(diǎn)突破長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和邏輯關(guān)系，以便對(duì)其做出準(zhǔn)確的語(yǔ)意理解。再者不少省市包括比較偏僻

地區(qū)中考語(yǔ)篇選擇上內(nèi)容都比較新穎，更不回避熱點(diǎn)話題。

中考語(yǔ)篇通用集訓(xùn)之（四）

II.完形填空。

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)能填入相應(yīng)空格內(nèi)的最佳答案。

OneoftheamazingthingsabouttheWorldWideWebisthatanyonecancreatea11page.Ifpeoplefindyourpage

interesting,theywillcometo12it.Iflotsofpeoplelikeyourpage,thenyouhavecreatedsomethingofvalue.The

wholeideaofaTVstationistocreateaplacethatattractslotsofpeople.Thenthestation'sownercancharge

companiesfor13onTV.AwebpageislikeasmartTVstation.Ifyoursbecomesverypopular,thenyoucan

14adsonit.Thatisoneformof“value”.Thereareotherformsaswell,especiallyforteenagers.Apopularpageallows

15tospeaktoandeducateothers,givesyouachancetomeetpeople,andopensdoorsofchancesthatyoumightnot

16.

Ifyouwanttocreateyourownpage,youhavetwo17.Ybucancreateapagethatsays"Hi,MynameisSuzy

andhereisapictureofBinky,mycat.Myfavoritebandsare...”Thatisfine,butitisnotveryinterestingtoothersexcept

yourclose.Theotherchoiceyouhaveistocreateasitethatotherpeoplefind18.Picksomethingyouenjoyor

knowalotaboutandcreatethebestpageonthenetaboutit.For19,ifyoulikefootball,createthebestpageonthe

netaboutit.

Thepeoplefromallovertheworldwillcometovisityourpagebecauseyouare20

somethingforvalue.

()ll.A.bookB.magazineC.newspaperD.web

()12.A.costB.visitC.spendD.pick

()13.A.watchingB.performingC.advertisingD.playing

()14.A.buyB.sellC上orrowD.lend

()15.A.meB.herC.himD.you

()16.A.waitB.stayC.liveD.expect

()17.A.changesB.choicesC.pointsD.views

()18.A.usefulB.boringC.foolishD.big

()19.A.modelB.exampleC.kindD.way

()20.A.offeringB.takingC.helping0.reading

III.閱讀理解。

(A)

Nowsatellitesarehelpingustoforecasttheweather.Theyareinspace,andtheycanreachanypartoftheworld.The

satellitestakepicturesofatmosphere(大氣).Sothescientiststherecanseetheweatherofanypartoftheworldandhowthe

weatherwillchange.

Today,nearlyfivehundredweatherstationsinsixtycountriescanreceivesatellitepictures.Whentheyreceivethenew

pictures,theycompare(比較)themwiththeearlierones.Perhapstheymayfindthatthecloudshavechangedduringthelast

fewhours.Thismaymeanthattheweatheronthegroundmaysoonchange,too.Intheirnextweatherforecast,theycantell

peopleaboutit.

Sotheweathersatellitesareofgreathelptothescientistsatthestation.Inthepasttheycouldforecasttheweatherfor

about24or48hoursearlier.Nowtheycanmakegoodforecastfor3or5days.Soon,perhaps,theymaybeabletoforecast

theweatherforaweekormoreahead.

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正(T)誤(F)。

()21.Theweathersatellitesinspacecanhelpthescientiststoknoweverything.

()22.Changingcloudsintheatmospheremeansthatweathermaychange.

()23.Withoutsatellites,scientistscouldforecasttheweatherfor3or5daysahead.

()24.Today,everycountryhasitsownweatherstationwhichcanreceivesatellitepictures.

()25.Themainideaofthispassageisthatsatellitesarenowusedinweatherforecast.

A

Chinacoversalargelandandthereare56ethnicgroupsinit.SoChinahasmanytypesofChinesefoodwithdifferent

butmouth-wateringflavor(風(fēng)味).Ingeneral,Chinesefoodcanbemainlydividedintoeightcuisines(菜系).Lefshavea

lookatsomeofthem.

Sichuancuisineishot,spicyandsour.Ithassomethingtodo

withthewetweatherofthatareaandpeopleneedhotfoodto

stayawayfromthewet.Therearemanypopulardishesthat

standforSichuancuisinelikeKungPaoChicken.

ZhejiangcuisineisfromthelocaldishesofHangzhou,

NingboandShaoxing.FoodinZhejianghasapleasantsmell

andittastesfresh.Andmostofthedishesareperfectlymade.

IfyouvisitZhejiang,youmusttasteDongpoPork.

Fujiancuisineoftenusesmaterialsfromtheseatocook.It

篦tasteslightandthecolorisbeautiful.Youcanenjoydifferent

kindsofsoupinFujian,becausemanydishesofFujian

cuisineareservedinsoup,likeFoTiaoQiang.

ShandongcuisineisveryfamousinnorthernChina.It

窿includesmuchseafoodwhichtasteslightandfresh.Itisalso

thesymbolofcookingculturealongtheYellowRiver.Its

mostfamousdishisSweetandSourCarp.

31.Sichuancuisinehelpslocalpeople.

A.becomestrongB.keepawayfromthewet

C.staycoolD.keepwarm

32.BothofthematerialsofFujiancuisineandShandongcuisinemainlycomefrom.

A.theseaB.thefieldC.themountainD.theforest

33.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

A.mostoftheChinesepreferSichuancuisine

B.Chinesecuisinesarebecomingmorepopulararoundtheworld

C.visitorscanenjoydifferentkindsofsoupinZhejiang

D.differentcuisinesareformedbecauseofdifferentlivingconditions

II.H.D根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)任何人都可以制作自己的網(wǎng)頁(yè)。故選D。

12.B本句句意：如果人們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的網(wǎng)頁(yè)有趣，他們將瀏覽它。故選B。

13.C由句意可知，電視臺(tái)的負(fù)責(zé)人向到電視上登廣告的公司收費(fèi)。故選C。

14.B在網(wǎng)頁(yè)上你同樣可以出售廣告。故選B。

15.D本句句意：受人歡迎的廣告允許你與別人交談和教育別人。故選D。

16.D本句句意：開(kāi)放的機(jī)會(huì)也許是你不曾預(yù)料到的。故選D。

17.B由下一句可知，制作自己的網(wǎng)頁(yè)可能有兩種選擇。故選B。

18.A由下文可知，其他人發(fā)現(xiàn)你創(chuàng)立的網(wǎng)站有用的話，他們就會(huì)點(diǎn)擊你喜歡的事，了解你的網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容。故選A。

19.B