2024北京西城區(qū)初三一模英語(yǔ)試卷和答案

試題PAGE1試題2024北京西城初三一模英語(yǔ)2024.4考生須知1.本試卷共11頁(yè)，共兩部分，共38題。滿分60分?？荚嚂r(shí)間90分鐘。2.在試卷和草稿紙上準(zhǔn)確填寫(xiě)姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)和座位號(hào)。3.試題答案一律填涂或書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效4.在答題卡上，選擇題用2B鉛筆作答，其他試題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答5.考試結(jié)束，請(qǐng)將本試卷、答題卡和草稿紙一并交回第一部分本部分共33題，共40分。在每題列出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最符合題目要求的一項(xiàng)。一、單項(xiàng)填空(每題0.5分，共6分)從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1.Mysisterlikesdrawingand________wantstobeanartistinthefuture.A.she B.he C.it D.they2.Ilikelisteningtomusicwhileexercising_______thepark.A.on B.under C.in D.to3.—Wouldyoulikemorepizza,Linda?—No,thanks.Thepizzaisdelicious________I’mfull.A.if B.but C.because D.or4.—_______youreadthesignacrossthestreet,Tom?—No,Ican’t.A.Must B.Can C.May D.Might5.LaoSheisoneof________Chinesewritersofthetwentiethcentury.A.great B.greater C.greatest D.thegreatest6.—_________areyoulate?—BecauseImissedtheearlytrain.A.When B.What C.Why D.Where7.—WhereisMary?—She________theteacherswiththeposterrightnow.A.ishelping B.helped C.washelping D.willhelp8.Thestudents________alotfortheshowsincelastMonday.A.havepracticed B.practiceC.werepracticing D.practiced9.Whenmyfriendcalledlastnight,I________plansfortheMayDayholiday.A.ammaking B.havemade C.make D.wasmaking10.I’montheschoolfootballteam,andusuallywe________amatchonSaturday.A.had B.have C.arehaving D.havehad11.Thecommunitylibrary________in2023.A.builds B.isbuilt C.built D.wasbuilt12.—Doyouknow________?—NextTuesdayafternoon.Wearelookingforwardtoit.A.wherewewillhavetheschoolconcertB.wherewillwehavetheschoolconcertC.whenwewillhavetheschoolconcertD.whenwillwehavetheschoolconcert二、完形填空(每題1分，共8分)閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)?！癢ewerethecutestbabiesintheworld!”IsmiledandsaidtoRachelasIputupa___13___ofmeridingahorseonthewalloftheclassroom.“Iknow,lookatthisone!”Rachelpointedtothepictureofusatagefive.Webothlaughedandshookourheads.Wecouldn’tbelievethatwewouldbegraduating(畢業(yè))inaweek.Asawayofcelebratingourchildhoods,wewereaskedtobringinpicturesofourselvesgrowingup.AsIlooked___14___fromphototophoto,frompreschoolerstoninth-graders,Ibegantolookatmyclassmatesaroundme.FirstIlookedatRachel,andI___15___thefirstdayofschool.Iwasalittlefive-year-old.Whenmymotherleftme,Ijustdidn’tknowwhattodobutcry.ThenIfeltahandonmyshoulder.IturnedaroundandsawRachel.“Whyareyoucrying?”sheasked.“Mymommyleftme.”“Wouldyouliketoplayapuzzlegametogether?”Sheoffered.Thatgotmy___16___.Ilovedpuzzlegames.Istartedtoplay,andafterafewminutes,Iwasn’tcryinganymore.Ilookedbackatthepicturesandmyeyes___17___onapictureofTony.Tonylivesrightnexttome,andwehavealwaysbeenclose.IrememberhowmuchfunIhadplaying“boys’games”,allthankstoTonymakingitpossible.“Comeon,she’sagirl—she’llmakeyouplayBarbiesorsomething,”oneoftheboysonourblocksaidtoTony.Iturnedandstartedtowalkaway.Ifelttears___18___upinmyeyeswhenIheardTonysay,“No,IwanttoplaywithSarah.We’regoingtoplaybasketball.”ThemillionsofmemoriesthatI___19___fromthoseyearssuddenlycamebacktome.Highschoolwouldbedifferent.Icouldn’timaginehowthatwouldfeel.Ilookedatthepicturesoncemoreandnoticedhow,ineverypicture,eachofuswasat___20___pointsofourlives,butwewerealwayssmiling.Wewereallokay,eventhroughallthechanges.Iwasfinallyreadyforhighschool.13.A.drawing B.diary C.picture D.poster14.A.politely B.closely C.immediately D.angrily15.A.discovered B.remembered C.compared D.imagined16.A.patience B.advice C.message D.attention17.A.landed B.carried C.darkened D.opened18.A.jump B.mix C.well D.move19.A.collected B.improved C.matched D.copied20.A.strange B.serious C.hard D.different三、閱讀理解(每題2分，共26分)(一)A閱讀下列志愿活動(dòng)介紹，請(qǐng)根據(jù)人物意愿匹配最適合的活動(dòng)，并將其對(duì)應(yīng)的A、B、C、D選項(xiàng)填在相應(yīng)的位置上。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ADoyouenjoyteaching?Doyoulikespendingtimewithmiddleschoolstudents?Volunteerteachingisaperfectchoiceforyouifyoudo.Teachersinthecommunityareneeded.YoucanteachEnglishandmathtostudentswhoneedhelp.BDoyouhaveexperiencetakingcareoftheelderly?Workingtohelptheelderlyisn’tforeveryone.Ifyouhaveworkedinthisfield,comeandjoinusTheactivitiesinthisprojectincludehelpingtheelderlyinnursinghomes.CIfyouareinterestedinthemedicalfieldandhealthcare,thisprojectmayinterestyou.Itincludesactivitieslikevolunteeringincommunityhospitals,andgivingahelpinghandtothesickandtheirfamilieswhiletheyareseeingdoctors.DDoyouliketakingcareofanimals?Ifyoudo,youcanvolunteeryourtimewiththem.Pleasespendoneortwohourseveryweekworkingwithustohelpstreetanimals,orworkatananimalsheltertosupportanimalrights.____21________22________23____BGreg’sDiarySundayTonight,Momcalledfora“housemeeting”.Shetoldusthatshewasgoingbacktoschooltostarttakingclasses.Well,itwastotallyoutofmyexpectation.SheisalwaystherewhenIgethomefromschool,andthat’sthewayIlikeit.Butnow,wehavetomakeourowndinnersandstartdoinghousework.**********WednesdayThefirstfewnightswithMomawayhavebeenadisaster(災(zāi)難).WetriedmakingourdinneronMonday.Mannymadetheicedtea,butitwasundrinkable.Rodriccookedtheroastbeef,butitwasamess.So,webaggedthehomemademealideaandwentouttoeat.**********TuesdayMytaskistakingouttherubbish.Tonight,DadaskedmewhyIdidn’tdomyjobthismorning.HesaidIneededtostartbeingmoreresponsible.I’vehearditfromDadbefore.Lastsummer,ourneighborMs.Grove,askedmetolookafterherplantswhileshewentonbusiness.Well,IdiditforthefirstfewdaysandthenIgotbusywithotherthings.Ms.Grovewasprettymadbecausemostoftheplantsdidn’tmakeit.Thenshesentmehomewithoutpayingme.**********ThursdayWell,Dadisreallyseriousaboutmetakingonmoreresponsibility.Andfirsthewantsmetostartwakingmyselfupinthemorning.That’sactuallyarealproblembecauseIdependonhimtowakemeup.YesterdaywasthefirstdayItriedtowakemyselfup,anditdidn’tworkout.Myalarmclock(鬧鐘)wentoff,butthesoundjustworkeditswayintomydream.Andtodaydidn’tgoanybetter.Theproblemiswithoutanactualhumanbeingwakingmeup,mybrainisalwaysgoingtofindsomeexcusetokeepsleeping.ButIthinkImighthavefoundasolutiontothisalarmclocksituation.Ifoundanold-stylealarmclocktodayanditmakesaloudnoisewhenitgoesoff.Itesteditouttoseeifitstillworked,andsureenough,itdid.Idon’tthinkanyonecouldsleepthroughanoiselikethat.24.Whenheheardhismomwasgoingbacktoschool,Gregfelt_________.A.proud B.surprised C.excited D.relaxed25.WhatwasGreg’staskathome?A.Lookingaftertheplants. B.MakingtheicedteaC.Takingouttherubbish. D.Cookingthebeef.26.Fromthediary,wecanlearnthatGreg’sdadexpectedhimto________.A.buildupself-confidence B.becomemoreresponsibleC.makefriendswiththeneighbors D.getalongwithhisbrothersCHaveyoueverwonderedwhyyouaregoodatnoticingthingsinyourenvironmentthatarepossiblydangerous?Defensivecircuits,oneofourbrainsystems,detect(察覺(jué))signsthatmightsuggestthreats(威脅)andpreparethebodytotakequickaction,thereforeincreasingourchancesofstayingalive.Ourdefensivecircuitsarealwaysonthelookoutforthingsthatmightbethreats.Theylookforcertainfeaturesofobjects(物體)thatmakethoseobjectsstandoutfromtheotherthingsaroundthem.Objectswiththesefeaturesaregivenpriorityinourbrains;thatis,wepayattentiontothembeforeotherthings.So,howexactlydoesourthreatdetectionwork?First,thepresenceofafeaturethatcouldsuggestathreatgrabs,orcatches,ourattentionveryquickly—itisanautomatic(自動(dòng)的)process.Threatdetectionhappenssoquicklybecausethethreatinformationdoesnothavetogoallthewayaroundthecortex(大腦皮層).Youcanthinkofthisasashortcutthroughthebrain,whichgivesusmoretimetoavoidpossiblethreats.Oncewelookatsomethingthatmightbeathreat,weoftenfindlookingawaytobeverydifficult—thethreateningobjectholdsourattention.Thisprocessisalsoautomatic,anditsadvantageisthatitgivesusmoretimetocollectadditionaldetailsaboutthepossiblethreat.Thosedetailsareimportantforunderstandingwhetherwearefacingarealthreatanddecidinghowtobestdealwiththesituation.Afterwehaverecognizedthepossiblethreat,ourbrainsmustoftenmakeupforthetimewe’vespentexaminingit-weneedtoavoidpayingattentiontothethreat,andthenwecanlookaroundandprocesstherestoftheenvironment.Thiscanhelpusfindadditionalthreats,orfindawayout.Oncewedetectathreat,thedefensivecircuitsprepareourbodytotakeaction.Wemakechangestoouremotions(forexample,feelingfear)andbodyfunctions(suchasspeedingupourheartbeat).Together,thesechangesallowustoactproperlyinthreateningsituations,increasingthelikelihoodthatwewillgetawaywithoutbeingharmed.Therearedifferencesbetweenpeopleonhoweasilythedefensivesystemisactivated.Someofusarefrightenedmoreeasilythanothers,andittakeslesstoactivatethedefensivecircuits.This,however,canbeproblematic.Overlysensitivedefensivecircuitsmightstopworkingastheyshouldwhenoverused.27.Whatcanwelearnaboutthedefensivecircuits?A.Theywatchoutforpossibledanger.B.Theyhelpusrememberthreatfeatures.C.Theypromiseusahappyandhealthylife.D.Theyeasilystandoutfromotherbrainsystems.28.Whatdoourbrainsdotomakeupforthetimespentexaminingpossibledanger?A.Createadditionaldetailsimmediately.B.Activateashortcutthroughthecortex.C.Pushourbodytomakelastingchanges.D.Redirectourattentiontotherestoftheenvironment.29.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howdoesyourbrainworkinvarioussituations?B.Whatmakesusdifferentwhenitcomestofacingthreats?C.Whyareweoverlysensitivetocertainthreateningobjects?D.Whathappensinyourbrainwhenyounoticesomethingfrightening?DOnaSaturdayafternoon,yourbestfriendcallsyouandsaysheneedshelpmoving.Yougladlyshowuptohelp.Whenyouaredone,hehandsyousomemoney,saying“Thanksforyourhelp.”Thesituationsuddenlyfeelsawkward(尷尬的).Whydoesn’tdirectpaymentfitthesituation?AccordingtoeconomistDanAriely,weliveintwoworlds—onegovernedbysocialnorms(規(guī)范),andtheothercharacterizedbymarketnorms.Socialnormsarepartofoursocialnature.Theyincludethefriendlyrequests(請(qǐng)求)thatpeoplemakeofoneanotherandimmediatepaybackisnotrequired.Inthesecondworld,wheremarketnormsmaketherules,peopleworkformoneyandgetwhattheypayfor.Marketrelationshipsarenotnecessarilybadormean,buttheydosuggestcomparablebenefitsandimmediatepayments.Whenwekeepsocialnormsandmarketnormsontheirseparatepaths,thingsmovealongsmoothly.Moreover,whensocialandmarketnormsrunintoeachother,theresultsarenotsatisfying.Therewasanexperimentinvolvingdaycarecenterfines.Someparentswouldarrivelatetopickuptheirchildren,sofineswereintroduced.However,thismademoreparentslate.Beforethefinewasintroduced,parentsweresorryforkeepingtheteacherswaiting,andthismadethemfeelcompelledtoarriveontimeinthefuture.Buttheintroductionofthefinereplacedthissocialnormwithamarketnorm.Parentsfelttheywerepayingtobeallowedtochoosewhethertheywantedtobelate.Evenafterthecenterremovedthefine,theparentsdidn’treturntosocialnormsandthenumberoflatepick-upsdidn’tdrop.Theresultshowedafact:whenaspecialnormrunsintoamarketnorm,thesocialnormgoesawayandseldomreturns.However,doesthisnecessarilymeanmarketnormsalwayshaveabiggereffectthansocialnorms?Arielyperformedanexperimentbypayingpeople$5(Group1)or$0.50(Group2)fordragging(拖動(dòng))circlesacrossacomputerscreenforfiveminutes.Withpayment,heexpectedthemtousemarketnormsinthatsituationandactaccordingly.AndtoGroup3,heintroducedthetaskasasocialrequest,justaskingthemforhelp.TheresultsshowedthatGroup1draggedonaverage159circles,andGroup2draggedabout101circles.Buttheoneswhowerepaidnothingdragged168circles.Whenpeoplewerepaid,motivation(動(dòng)力)andproductivityroseaspayrose,butpeopleworkedevenharderundersocialnormsthanformoney,Why?Becausepeoplelovetofeelthattheyhavehelpedothers.Moneyisthemostexpensivewaytomotivatepeople.Socialnormsarenotonlycheaper,butoftenmoreeffectiveaswell.Moneywilltakeyouonlysofar—socialnormsaretheforcesthatcanmakeadifferenceinthelongrun.30.Whichofthefollowingexamplesfitswithinsocialnorms?A.Payingafriendforhisvoluntaryhelp.B.Finingaworkerbecauseofhismistakes.C.Offeringaneighborafreeridetotheairport.D.Returningaproducttogetyourmoneyback.31.Thewords“feelcompelledto”inParagraph4mostprobablymean________.A.remainunwillingto B.thinkitnecessarytoC.beafraidto D.finditeasyto32.WhatcanwelearnaboutDanAriely’sexperimentinParagraph5?A.Arielyexpectedpeopletohelpeachothertocompletethetask.B.Theresultsuggestedwhoshouldreceivethehighestpayment.C.Peopleintheexperimentactedaccordingtothesamenorms.D.Theexperimentshowedtheeffectsofthetwonorms.33.Accordingtothepassage,thewriterprobablyagreesthat_________.A.socialnormscanplayagreatroleinsocietyB.marketnormsaren’teffectiveastheyusedtobeC.betterperformancesometimesleadstolowerpayD.peopleshouldreplacemarketnormswithsocialnorms第二部分本部分共5題，共20分。根據(jù)題目要求，完成相應(yīng)任務(wù)。四、閱讀表達(dá)(34—36題，每題2分；37題4分。共10分)Thesummerof2023sawrecord-breakingheatwavesacrossmanypartsoftheworld.Astemperaturescontinuetorise,theeffectofcarbonemissions(碳排放)ontheenvironmenthasbecomeabigproblem.Studiesshowthetravelindustryisresponsibleforabout10%oftheseemissions,withairtravelalonecausingabout2.8%ofthem.Toaddressthisproblem,Intrepid—atravelcompany,hassuggesteda“carbonpassport”initsrecentreport.Theideabehinditisthateachtravelerwouldhaveayearlycarbonlimit,andnobodycangooverthatlimit.Usingcarbonpassportsmeanstravelerswillhavetotakefewerflightstolowertheir“carbonfootprint”—theCO2emissionsfromtheiractions.Atpresent,thecarbonfootprintofeachpersonisaboutfourtonsyearlyonaverage(平均).Tolimittemperaturerisetoacceptablelevelsby2050,ourgoalshouldbebelowtwotons.Inlinewiththisgoal,someEuropeancountriesaretakingstepstoreduceairtravel.InFrance,localflightsarecanceledifthesametripscanbemadebytrainin2.5hoursorless.InBelgium,additionalcharges(收費(fèi))areaddedtoshort-distanceflightstoencourageotherformsoftravel.Intrepidconsiderstheideaofa“carbonpassport”effectivewithmorepeopleinvolvedin.Travelerswillreceiveinformationabouttheircarbonfootprintsandchangetheirtravelhabits.Andbusinesseswillbepushedtousemoregreenpractices.AlexHawkins,oneofthewritersofthereport,says,“Thesepassportswillmakeusthinkmoreabouthowourtripsinfluencetheenvironment.”Whenitcomestomonitoringeveryone’scarbonemission,AnnaAbelson,aprofessoroftheNewYorkUniversitythinksitwouldbeachallengeintermsoflogistics(統(tǒng)計(jì)).Evenifweworkthatout,therearestillsomeworries.Forexample,peoplemightnotbeabletotakejobsfarawayorvisitfamilyinothercitiesasoften.Someevenworryaboutprivacyandpersonalfreedomifwestartmonitoringandlimitingpeople’sairtravel.“Gettingeveryoneonboardwithcarbonpassportswon’tbeeasy.”Hawkinsadded,“Itwouldneedsupportfromlotsofdifferentpeopleandgroupsallovertheworld.”However,evenwiththechallenges,theideaofcarbonpassportsshowstheneedforustotakeactiontogethertofightclimatechangeandmaketraveleco-friendlier.34.Whichindustryisresponsibleforabout10%oftheworld’scarbonemissions?__________________________________________________________35.Whatistheideabehinda“carbonpassport”?__________________________________________________________36.HowdoesFrancereduceairtravel?___________________________________________________________37.Whatdoyouthinkoftheideaofa“carbonpassport”?Whydoyouthinkso?(Pleasegivetworeasons.)___________________________________________________________五、文段表達(dá)(10分)從下面兩個(gè)題目中任選一題，根據(jù)所給提示，完成一篇不少于50詞的英語(yǔ)文段寫(xiě)作。文中已給出內(nèi)容不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。所給提示詞語(yǔ)僅供選用。請(qǐng)不要寫(xiě)出你的校名和姓名。題目①38.假設(shè)你是李華。你校交換生將與你們共同參加學(xué)校的外出活動(dòng)。作為學(xué)生會(huì)主席，你將給他們做行前動(dòng)員。請(qǐng)用英文寫(xiě)一篇講話稿，告知他們外出的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和活動(dòng)內(nèi)容，以及相關(guān)的安全建議。提示詞語(yǔ)：park,climb,careful,avoid提示問(wèn)題：●Whenandwherewillyoutakethefieldtrip?●Whatactivitiesareyougoingtododuringthetrip?●Whatsafetyadvicewouldyouliketogivethem?Hello,everyone.I’mgladtotellyouthatwearegoingtotakeafieldtrip._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hopewecanhaveagoodtime.題目②39.初中三年，一定有很多課給你留下了深刻的印象。假設(shè)你是李華。你校英文公眾號(hào)正在開(kāi)展以“MyMostMemorableClass”為主題的征文活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)用英文寫(xiě)一篇文章投稿，介紹你最難忘的一節(jié)課，并談?wù)勥@節(jié)課為什么令你難忘。提示詞語(yǔ)：science,music,experiment,sing,interesting提示問(wèn)題：●Whatwasyourmostmemorableclass?●Whywastheclassmemorable?MyMostMemorableClass________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案第一部分本部分共33題，共40分。在每題列出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最符合題目要求的一項(xiàng)。一、單項(xiàng)填空(每題0.5分，共6分)從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1.【答案】A【詳解】句意：我姐姐喜歡畫(huà)畫(huà)，她將來(lái)想成為一名藝術(shù)家?？疾榇~辨析。she她；he他；it它；they他們。此處指代“我姐姐”，用代詞she。故選A。2.【答案】C【詳解】句意：我喜歡在公園邊鍛煉邊聽(tīng)音樂(lè)?？疾榻樵~辨析。on在……上；under在……下；in在……里；to到。根據(jù)“thepark”可知是在公園里，應(yīng)用介詞in。故選C。3.【答案】B【詳解】句意：——琳達(dá)，你還想再來(lái)點(diǎn)披薩嗎？——不，謝謝。披薩很好吃，但我已經(jīng)飽了?？疾檫B詞辨析。if如果；but但是；because因?yàn)?；or或者。分析題干，前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折的意思，應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，故選B。4.【答案】B【詳解】句意：——你能看到街對(duì)面的牌子嗎，湯姆？——不，我不能?？疾橐话阋蓡?wèn)句和動(dòng)詞辨析。Must必須；Can能；May也許；Might可能。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“No,Ican’t.”可知，詢問(wèn)能力，故選B。5.【答案】D【詳解】句意：老舍是二十世紀(jì)最偉大的中國(guó)作家之一。考查最高級(jí)。本句是“oneofthe+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”句式，故空格處是thegreatest。故選D。6.【答案】C【詳解】句意：——你為什么遲到？——因?yàn)槲义e(cuò)過(guò)了早班火車(chē)?？疾樘厥庖蓡?wèn)句。When什么時(shí)候，詢問(wèn)時(shí)間；What什么，詢問(wèn)具體信息；Why為什么，詢問(wèn)原因；Where在哪里，詢問(wèn)地點(diǎn)。根據(jù)回答“BecauseImissedtheearlytrain.”可知，詢問(wèn)原因，用Why。故選C。7.【答案】A【詳解】句意：——瑪麗在哪兒?——她現(xiàn)在正在幫助老師們制作海報(bào)?？疾楝F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“rightnow”可知，事情正在發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+be(am/is/are)+v-ing形式+其它。主語(yǔ)是第三人稱She，系動(dòng)詞用is。故選A。8.【答案】A【詳解】句意：從上周一開(kāi)始，學(xué)生們?yōu)檠莩鲎隽舜罅康木毩?xí)。考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“sincelastMonday”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)“have/has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”，主語(yǔ)為“Thestudents”，助動(dòng)詞用have，故選A。9.【答案】D【詳解】句意：昨晚我朋友打來(lái)電話時(shí)，我正在為五一假期做計(jì)劃。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“Whenmyfriendcalledlastnight”可知，此處表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選D。10.【答案】B【詳解】句意：我在學(xué)校的足球隊(duì)，我們經(jīng)常在周六有一場(chǎng)比賽?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“usually”可知，此句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，且主語(yǔ)“we”是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用動(dòng)詞原形have。故選B。11.【答案】D【詳解】句意：社區(qū)圖書(shū)館建于2023年?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)“Thecommunitylibrary”與動(dòng)詞build之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，結(jié)合“in2023”可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選D。12.【答案】C【詳解】句意：——你知道我們什么時(shí)候舉行學(xué)校音樂(lè)會(huì)嗎？——下周二下午。我們很期待?？疾橘e語(yǔ)從句及賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處所在句為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序，可排除B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)；根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“NextTuesdayafternoon.”可知，此處詢問(wèn)時(shí)間。故選C。二、完形填空(每題1分，共8分)【答案】13.C14.B15.B16.D17.A18.C19.A20.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了為了慶祝我們的童年，我們?cè)诳飚厴I(yè)的時(shí)候被要求帶上自己成長(zhǎng)的照片，并介紹了一些照片中的故事?！?3題詳解】句意：我微笑著對(duì)瑞秋說(shuō)，我把我騎馬的照片掛在教室的墻上。drawing畫(huà)；diary日記；picture圖片；poster海報(bào)。根據(jù)“Rachelpointedtothepictureofusatagefive”可知是把照片掛在墻上。故選C?！?4題詳解】句意：當(dāng)我從幼兒園到九年級(jí)學(xué)生，從一張照片到另一張照片仔細(xì)觀察時(shí)，我開(kāi)始看著周?chē)耐瑢W(xué)。politely禮貌地；closely接近地；immediately立刻；angrily生氣地。根據(jù)“l(fā)ooked...fromphototophoto”可知是靠近點(diǎn)觀察照片。故選B。【15題詳解】句意：首先我看著瑞秋，我想起了上學(xué)的第一天。discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；remembered記得；compared比較；imagined想象。根據(jù)“thefirstdayofschool”可知是想起了上學(xué)的第一天。故選B?！?6題詳解】句意：這引起了我的注意。patience耐心；advice建議；message信息；attention注意。根據(jù)“Ilovedpuzzlegames.Istartedtoplay”可知益智游戲引起了自己的注意，因?yàn)樽约合矚g益智游戲。故選D。【17題詳解】句意：我回頭看了看照片，眼睛落在托尼的照片上。landed落下；carried攜帶；darkened變暗；opened打開(kāi)。根據(jù)“onapictureofTony”可知眼神落在了托尼的照片上。故選A?！?8題詳解】句意：當(dāng)我聽(tīng)到托尼說(shuō)“不，我想和莎拉一起玩。我們要去打籃球?！?，我覺(jué)得眼淚奪眶而出。jump跳；mix混合；well流出；move移動(dòng)。根據(jù)“Ifelttears”可知是眼淚留下來(lái)。故選C。【19題詳解】句意：我從那些年里收集的數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的記憶突然回到了我的腦海中。collected收集；improved提高；matched匹配；copied復(fù)制。根據(jù)“ThemillionsofmemoriesthatI...fromthoseyears”可知是那些年收集的這些回憶。故選A。【20題詳解】句意：我又看了一遍這些照片，注意到在每一張照片中，我們每個(gè)人都處于人生的不同階段，但我們總是面帶微笑。strange奇怪的；serious嚴(yán)肅的；hard難的；different不同的。根據(jù)“eachofuswasat...pointsofourlives”可知是處于不同的階段。故選D。三、閱讀理解(每題2分，共26分)(一)【答案】21.A22.C23.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】文章主要介紹了志愿者活動(dòng)?！?1題詳解】根據(jù)“I’dliketohelpstudentswhoarehavingtroublewithEnglishandmath.”可知，邁克想幫助在數(shù)學(xué)和方面有困難的學(xué)生；選項(xiàng)A“你可以教英語(yǔ)和數(shù)學(xué)給需要幫助的學(xué)生?！迸c之相匹配，故選A?！?2題詳解】根據(jù)“I'minterestedinhealthcareandwillingtohelpoutincommunityhospitals.”可知，愛(ài)麗絲對(duì)醫(yī)療健康非常感興趣，想在社區(qū)醫(yī)院志愿服務(wù)，選項(xiàng)C“如果你對(duì)醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域和醫(yī)療保健感興趣，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目可能會(huì)讓你感興趣?！迸c之相匹配，故選C。【23題詳解】根據(jù)“Ilikecatsanddogsandhopetodosomethingforstreetanimals.”可知，簡(jiǎn)喜歡動(dòng)物，想幫助流浪動(dòng)物，選項(xiàng)D中“請(qǐng)每周花一到兩個(gè)小時(shí)與我們一起幫助街頭動(dòng)物，或者在動(dòng)物收容所工作，支持動(dòng)物權(quán)利。”與之相匹配，故選D?！敬鸢浮?4.B25.C26.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，為四篇日記。日記主要記錄了格雷格的日常生活情況。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一篇日記中“Well,itwastotallyoutofmyexpectation.”可知，格雷格對(duì)媽媽要回學(xué)校上課這件事感到出乎意料。故選B?！?5題詳解】C【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三篇日記中“HesaidIneededtostartbeingmoreresponsible.”和第四篇日記中“Well,Dadisreallyseriousaboutmetakingonmoreresponsibility.”可知，爸爸想讓格雷格承擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任，變得更有責(zé)任感。故選B?！敬鸢浮?7.A28D29D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了我們的大腦如何在面臨威脅時(shí)作出反應(yīng)，以及這種反應(yīng)機(jī)制的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和可能的問(wèn)題?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ourdefensivecircuitsarealwaysonthelookoutforthingsthatmightbethreats.”我們的防御回路總是在尋找可能構(gòu)成威脅的東西，可推測(cè)此處是指它們警惕可能發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)。故選A?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“weneedtoavoidpayingattentiontothethreat,andthenwecanlookaroundandprocesstherestoftheenvironment.”可知，此處是指把我們的注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到環(huán)境的其他部分。故選D?！?9題詳解】最佳標(biāo)題類。通讀全文，主要講述了我們的大腦如何在面臨威脅時(shí)作出反應(yīng)，以及這種反應(yīng)機(jī)制的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和可能的問(wèn)題，選項(xiàng)D“當(dāng)你注意到可怕的事情時(shí)，你的大腦會(huì)發(fā)生什么”符合題意。故選D?！敬鸢浮?0.C31.B32.D33.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了我們生活在兩個(gè)世界，一個(gè)是社會(huì)規(guī)范統(tǒng)治的世界，一個(gè)是以市場(chǎng)規(guī)范為特征的世界，并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，社會(huì)規(guī)范更能夠產(chǎn)生影響?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Socialnormsarepartofoursocialnature.Theyincludethefriendlyrequests(請(qǐng)求)thatpeoplemakeofoneanotherandimmediatepaybackisnotrequired.”可知，社會(huì)規(guī)范是我們社會(huì)本性的一部分。它們包括人們相互友好的請(qǐng)求，并且不需要立即回報(bào)。因此C選項(xiàng)“讓鄰居搭便車(chē)去機(jī)場(chǎng)”符合社會(huì)規(guī)范。故選C?！?1題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Beforethefinewasintroduced,parentsweresorryforkeepingtheteacherswaiting,andthismadethemfeelcompelledtoarriveontimeinthefuture.”可知，在罰款開(kāi)始之前，家長(zhǎng)們?yōu)樽尷蠋焸兙玫榷械奖?，因此這讓他們覺(jué)得以后有必要準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。因此劃線單詞表示“認(rèn)為有必要”。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheresultsshowedthatGroup1draggedonaverage159circles,andGroup2draggedabout101circles.Buttheoneswhowerepaidnothingdragged168circles.Whenpeoplewerepaid,motivation(動(dòng)力)andproductivityroseaspayrose,butpeopleworkedevenharderundersocialnormsthanformoney,Why?Becausepeoplelovetofeelthattheyhavehelpedothers.”可知，當(dāng)人們得到報(bào)酬時(shí)，動(dòng)力和生產(chǎn)力隨著報(bào)酬的增加而增加，但人們?cè)谏鐣?huì)規(guī)范下比為錢(qián)更努力工作，由此可知這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明了這兩種規(guī)范的影響。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Socialnormsarenotonlycheaper,butoftenmoreeffectiveaswell.Moneywilltakeyouonlysofar—socialnormsaretheforcesthatcanmakeadifferenceinthelongrun.”可知，社會(huì)規(guī)范不僅成本更低，而且往往更有效，因此作者可能同意社會(huì)規(guī)范可以在社會(huì)中發(fā)揮很大的作用。故選A。第二部分本部分共5題，共20分。根據(jù)題目要求，完成相應(yīng)任務(wù)。四、【答案】34.Thetravelindustry(isresponsibleforabout10%oftheseemissions).35.Theideabehinditisthateachtravellerwouldhaveayearlycarbonlimitandnobodycangooverthatlimit.36.Bycancellinglocalflightsifthesametripscanbemadebytrainin2.5hoursorlessinFrance.37.Ithinktheideaofa“carbonpassport”isgood.BecauseitcanhelptoreducethecarbonemissionsandraiseourspiritofprotectingourEarth.(開(kāi)放題，合理即可。)【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹為了減少碳排放，一個(gè)旅游公司建議使用“碳護(hù)照”，很多國(guó)家也紛紛采取行動(dòng)去減少航空旅行?！?4題詳解】根據(jù)“Astemperaturescontinuetorise,theeffectofcarbonemissions(碳排放)ontheenvironmenthasbecomeabigproblemStudiesshowthetravelindustryisresponsibleforabout10%oftheseemissions”可知，旅游業(yè)會(huì)導(dǎo)致10%的碳排放。故填Thetravelindustry(isresponsibleforabout10%oftheseemissions)?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)“Theideabehinditisthateachtravelerwouldhaveayearlycarbonlimit,andnobodycangooverthatlimit.”可知，其背后的想法是，每個(gè)旅行者每年都有一個(gè)碳排放上限，沒(méi)有人可以超過(guò)這個(gè)上限。故填Theideabehinditisthateachtravellerwouldhaveayearlycarbonlimit