2024年秋季高三人教版（2019）開(kāi)學(xué)摸底考試英語(yǔ)試卷 A卷含答案

2024年秋季高三人教版（2019）開(kāi)學(xué)摸底考試英語(yǔ)試卷A卷

學(xué)校：___________姓名：班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：

一'閱讀理解

ThisfundisofferedbytheIdahoStateBoardofEducationtosupportfinearts,performing

arts,anddesigncourses.Itwasintendedtoincreaseaccesstoartseducationforlearnersin

ruralpublicschoolsthatotherwisemaylacktheresourcestoexpandsuchprograms.

*Requirements

?AnapplicantmustbeanIdahoruralschooldistrictorIdahoruralcharterschool.Each

qualifiedapplicantmaysubmitoneapplication.

?Anapplicantmayrequestupto$15,000.

?Deadline:June30,2023.

*Usesofthisfund

Anapplicantmustusethisfundforthepurchaseofequipment,supplies,andcurricular

materialsthatsupporttheestablishmentofartsorimprovementstoarts.Butitmaynotbe

usedforpersonnel（人員）orcontractedservicescosts,professionaldevelopmentactivitiesor

designcoursesthatarepartoftheCareerandTechnicalEducationcurriculum（課程）.

*ApplicationComponents

Anapplicationwillcoverthefollowingcontents:

?Generalapplicantinformationandapprovalofthegrantapplicationsubmissionbyan

authorizingofficial.

?FourNarrativeQuestions:Populationservedandneedtobeaddressed;Proposal

description;Expecteddemand;Sustainabilityplan.

?Budget:Abudgetformthatasksfordetailedexpenses.

*Process

ApplicationswillbesubmittedthroughtheonlineWebGrants.Applicationswillbe

reviewedbyagroupofexpertswhoserecommendationswillbesenttotheStateBoardof

EducationforapprovalinMay.ApplicantswillbeinformedoftheresultsinJune.

1.Whocanapplyforthisfund?

A.Alearnerinaruralpublicschool.B.Aruralschoolfromaspecificdistrict.

C.Alearnerwhohasnotimetolearnart.D.Anapplicantwhorequestsover$30,000.

2.Whatisthisfundusedfor?

A.Holdingaprofessionalactivity.B.Employingsometeachers.

C.Buyingartequipmentforqualifiedschools.D.Designingsomecareer

courses.

3.Whatshouldapplicantsincludeintheirapplications?

A.Adetailedbudget.B.Anexperfsrecommendation.

C.Anofficial'ssignature.D.Adescriptionoftheequipment.

ChrisSmithlookedlikeanyotheryoungboyinhisclass:thickhair,awidesmile,and

playingsports.Byallappearances,lifeforChriswasthesameasitwasforahundredother

boysinthesmalltownwherehegrewup,exceptfortheconstantevictions（當(dāng)區(qū)趕）,and

eventuallybeinghomeless.

Chris9fatherwasreckless（魯莽的）withfinancesanddishonestinbusiness.Hismother

triedherbesttorunthehomeuntilChris9littlebrotherdrowned（溺亡），thenhisfatherwent

toprison,andfinallythefamilyfellapart.

“Mymomshutdownemotionally.Everythinggotworse/9Chrisremembers.Thenshe

wasgoneandranawayfromhomewithouttellingChris.Hedidthebesthecould,sleeping

onhisnewlymarriedsister'ssofa."Theydidn'thavemuchmoney,andIknowitwasa

burdentotakemeinat17yearsold,Iwasgoingtodropoutfromhighschoolandmakeiton

myown.^^

ButChris'historyteacherhaddifferentideas.WhenChris'studybegantogodown,she

corneredhim."You'rethesmartestkidintheclass/9shetoldhim.“Ifyoudon'tgraduate,

you'regoingtoregretit”

“Schoolwasmysafeplace,"Chrissays.Schoolalsoofferedhimheatandfood.It

becametheclosestthingtohomehecouldfind,comparedtohisfather'soldtruckthat

becamehisbedandhisstudyspace.Heremembershishairfreezingontothewindowinthe

winter.

Whengraduationcame,Chrisearnedafullscholarshiptocollegeandgraduatedinthe

top10ofhisclass.Whenifstimetoapplyformedicalresidencies,Chrissethissightshigh.

HeappliedforresidenciesaroundthecountryandincludedtheNo.1programinthenation:

JohnsHopkins.Andthenthelettercame.Chriswasin.

“Ididn'treallythinkIhadachance.ButIhadlearnedtogiveeverythingmybestshot.

Lifeisneverfair.Butifyoudon'tgiveup,youwillgiveyourselfabetterchancetomakeit,“

Chrissays.

4.WhydidChris'motherleavehome?

A.Becauseoffailureinbusiness.B.Becauseoffinancialrestrictions.

C.Becauseofherhusband'sdishonesty.D.Becauseofheartbrokenfamilyevents.

5.How'sChris9lifeandstudyduringseniorhighschool?

A.Lazyandaverage.B.Comfortableandcarefree.

C.Toughandhardworking.D.Happyandundemanding.

6.WhatsChris9philosophy?

A.Neverloseheart.B.Alwaysbewell-prepared.

C.Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.D.Alwaysbehumbleandcautious.

7.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.DoingIsBetterthanSayingB.ThereIsNoEndtoLearning

C.FromHomelesstoMedicalResidentD.GreatHopesMakeGreatMan

TheSouthAfricantownHamburgissituatedbyoneofthemostbeautifulestuaries（河

□）intheEasternCape.It'sknownforitsrichXhosaculture.Itisalsohometoagroupof

womenwhohaveproducedaseriesofextraordinaryartworksthathavebeenexhibited

aroundtheworld.

KeiskammaArtProjectwascreatedtoteachlocalwomenembroidery（刺繡）skillsto

helpthematatoughtimeeconomicallyandsocially,butunexpectedlyithasgrowninto

somethingmuchbigger.Havingbeenshownatinternationalartgalleries,manyoftheir

tapestries（掛毯）arenowbeingdisplayedunderoneroofforthefirsttime,atanexhibitionin

Johannesburg.

Theirstorybeganin2000,whenDr.CarolHofmeyrmovedfromJohannesburgto

Hamburg.Shefoundthatthetownwasstrugglingwithhighunemploymentandthatlocal

womenweredesperatetofindwaystofeedtheirfamilies.Havingstudiedembroideryherself,

shehopedthatpassingonthatknowledgetolocalwomenwouldhelpempowerthem.

Fromhumblebeginnings*moreandmorewomenheardabouttheprojectthroughword

ofmouth.Now,over150womenarepartoftheproject.Sellingtheirworksprovidesasource

ofincome,buttheprojecthasalsocreatedasupportsystemforthewomen.

Initially,thewomenstartedoutsimplycreatingcushions（坐墊）andsmallhandbagsto

selltotourists.Eventually,theystartedreceivingtasksforlargerpieces.Theyweregiven

panelsaboutameterinsizetoworkonathome.Byjoiningthecompletedpanelstogether,

theycreatedthefirstoftheirlargeworksandoneoftheirmostcelebrated,"TheKeiskamma

Tapestryn,whichtellsthehistoryoftheXhosapeoplewhoweresubjugated（征月艮）through

colonizationandtheXhosaBritishFrontierWarsfrom1776to1876.

Anothercelebratedpieceis"TheKeiskammaAltarpiece",whichwasproducedby130

women.Thefour-meter-high,four-meter-widepiecerevealsthestrugglesthatelderlyXhosa

womenenduredwhentheyouthintheircommunitywerehitbyHIVtwodecadesago,and

theysteppedintocareforchildren.

Recentartworksengagewithcontemporaryissues."COVIDResilienceTapestry"dealswith

thepandemic;"ANewEarthandOurSacredOcean"isacallforenvironmental

consciousness.

8.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toinformreadersofthesituation.B.Tobringinthetopicofthetext.C.Tointroducean

ancientculture.D.Topromotethelocalartworks.

9.Whatisbeyondpeople'sexpectationforKeiskammaArtProject?

A.Ithelpsalotofwomen.B.Itgainsinternationalfame.C.Ithelpsdeveloplocaleconomy.D.

ItsponsorsanexhibitioninJohannesburg.

10.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheprocessofmaking"TheKeiskamma

Tapestry"?

A.Historical.B.Game-changing.C.Cooperative.D.Time-

consuming.

11.Whatdoweknowabout"TheKeiskammaAltarpiece"?

A.ItshowstheXhosapeople'ssufferings.B.Itreflectsonsomecontemporaryissues.C.It

coverssomepandemic-relatedcontent.D.Itaimstoarousetheenvironmentalawareness.

Anewstudyrevealsnewcluesaboutthesubtle（微妙的）butpreviouslypoorly

understoodevolutionarydancehappeningbetweentemperaturesandchangesinthesizeof

animalbodyparts.Thenewresearchoffersimportantinsightsabouthowbirdsmayadaptto

therapidriseintemperaturesdrivenbyglobalclimatechange.

ForthestudyinNatureCommunications,theresearcherslookedatnearly7,000species

ofterrestrialnonmigratorybirds一whichisnearlytwo-thirdsofallbirdspecies一and

focusedonhowbirdspecieshasevolvedinambienttemperature（溫度的梯度）andother

factorsofselection.

Twowidelyaccepted"rules“inbiologyindicatethataslocaltemperatureschange,

animalsarelikelytoadjustheattransfercapabilitiesbychangingthesizeoftheirbodiesand

extremities（四肢）.

BiologistCarlBergmann'srulestatesthatcolderclimatesspawnbiggerbodiesbecause

theyhelpkeepheatwhilesmallerbodieshelpshedit.Asaresult,apolarbearismorethan2

1/2timesastallattheshoulderasasunbearfromequatorialregions.

ZoologistJoelAsaphAllen'sruledealswithextremities,suchaslimbs,ears,andbeaks,

statingthatanimalsincolderclimatestendtohavesmallerextremitiesbecauseextremities

tendtohavemoresurfacethanvolumeandareuniquelysuitedtoshedheat.Forexample,

arctichareshaveevolvedshortlegsandears,whereasdesertjackrabbitshaveevolvedvery

longlegsandears.

“Theproblemisthateverythingweknowaboutecologytellsusthatchangingthesizeof

bodiesandextremitiescanbeproblematic/9saysleadauthorCarlosBotero,anassociate

professorofintegrativebiologyattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.

Forexampleifbodysizedecreases,birdsmaynotbeabletohuntthesamefoodastheir

ancestors.Similarly,iftheaveragesizeorshapeofabillchanges,birdsmaybecomeless

efficientforagers（覓食者）orhavetroubleproducingtypicalmatingcalls.

Itisnotsurprisingthatmanypriorstudieshavefailedtofindevidenceforthese

predictionsandthattheseso-calledbiologicalrulesarecurrentlycontroversial.Thenew

studycouldclarifythatdebatebyshowingthatalthoughthepatternsthatBergmannand

Allenpredictedoccurinthewild,thetwoseparatemechanismscomplementeachother.

12.Whatisthenewstudyabout?

A.Thetworulesproposedbypreviousresearchers.

B.Thedifferencesbetweenanimalsincoldandwarmareas.

C.Theeffectglobalclimatechangehasonanimals9foraging.

D.Thewaybirdsevolveinresponsetotherisingtemperature.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spawn“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.makeforB.bringinC.arisefromD.wipeout

14.Accordingtothepassage,thebirdsinthecolderareastendtohave.

A.biggerbodiesandlongerlegs.B.biggerbodiesandshorterlegs.

C.smallerbodiesandlongerlegs.D.smallerbodiesandshorterlegs.

15.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Thetworuleswithseparatemechanismsarecontradictory.

B.Thenewstudycombinesthepriorstudiesandthetworules.

C.Thenewstudyprovidessupportingevidenceforthetworules.

D.Thetworulesshowanimalschangethebodysizetokeepheat

二、七選五

16.Cruisethroughmanyneighborhoodsorparksaroundtheworld,andyouwillfindno

shortageofwell-mowedexpansesofgrass.Lawns(草坪)dolookattractive.①

Additionally,theycanrequireenvironmentallyquestionablepracticestomaintain.

Researchersandlandscapearchitectsareincreasinglyconsideringalternativesthataremore

sustainable,demandfewerresourcesandhelppeopleconnectmoreintimatelywithnature.

HerefollowsaneditedexcerptoftheconversationbetweenresearchersMarialgnatievaand

MarcusHedblom.

Whydidlawnsbecomesopopular?

②Theywerelikeaspecialfrontierthatseparatedcitiesandtownsfromthe

wilderness.Alawnwasalwaysasymbolofhowacivilizedsocietyshouldbe.Thafswhyit

wassopowerful.Andofcourse,theyarealsoimportantforrecreation.

Whatenvironmentalproblemsarelawnscausing?

Lawnsarehomogenizingtheenvironment,notonlyintermsofbiodiversitybutalso

visually.Youcomparecountries9andcities'urbanlandscapesaroundtheworld,andtheylook

exactlythesame.(3)Mowersbumfossilfuelsandemitgasesthatheatupthe

atmosphere.

④.

Youhavetofindyourownlocalsolution.Wecantakeinspirationfromthenaturalplant

communitiesaroundus.Insuburbanandruralareas,thatmightmeanhavingameadowor

prairie.Inotherplaces,itmightbeasavannalikeenvironmentormountainplants.Youcan

havea“grass-free"lawn;withonlylow-growingplantsthatcreatethesameeffectasalawn,

andyoucanwalkonit.

Howcanwepersuadepeopletoadoptthesealternatives?

Whenpeopleseethem,theyappreciatethemandlikethem.⑤Wealsohave

totrytochangethemindsofdecisionmakers,includingpoliticians.Weneedtoshowthe

publictherearedifferentwaysofhandlingoururbanenvironmentandmakingitbetter.

A.Soitisallabouteducation.

B.Whatarethesealternatives?

C.Anditisunderstandablefondness.

D.Whataretheinspirationsoflawns?

E.However,theychokeoutbiodiversity.

F.Lawnscametobeseenasasymbolofcivilizationandawayoflife.

G.Lawnupkeeptakesresources,fertilizerandpesticidethatentergroundwaterandrunoff

water.

三、完形填空（15空）

Iwasfirstgoingintothisfinalday,theJuniorSledDogChampionship.We'dtrainedtwo

yearsandwantedtobeatBlake.IkneltdowntopatKenaiandmyhands]fromnerves

andexcitement.Kenaitippeduphisfacetolickmychin."Youare2aren'tyou?”

Justbeforethecountdownstarted,Blakeshotmea3grin,handstremblingtoo.

ThenIheard,“Go!”4Icouldyell"Hike!”,Kenaileapedforward.Therestofthedogs

5after.Westartedlast.Weflewdownthelonghill.Thenwe6acorner.Ileanedto

keepthesledsteady.KenaisawBlake9steambeforeIdid.Histailflewup,andhe7.

Seeinghistonguestillfloppingforward,Ilethimgoallout.Weclosedthe8.Abridge

later,weinchedcloser.Onthenexthill,KenaidrewevenwithBlake9ssledandthenwe

passedit.

9oursledhitabranch.Therunnerscaught.Ilostmy10andfelloffthesled.

Witnessingthesledcometoastop,IstruggledthroughthedeepsnowtoKenai.I11.

Hisshoulderwasbleeding.

“Kenai!No!”Myvoicecameoutahowl.Kenai12tostand.Helookedatme,his

blueeyes13tokeepon.Hewoulddoit,too.ForonefrozenmomentIsawmyselfon

thewinner'sstandwiththetrophy（獎(jiǎng)杯）.Butno.Ibentandgently14Kenaiina

blanket.

TheracevetexaminingKenai,IwatchedBlakeacceptthetrophy.Kenaisquirmingin

mylap,Ileanedoveruponhim.Justatthatmoment,Ifeltawarmtongueonmywetcheek.I

smiledandrealizedthatIhadthe15thatreallycounted.

17.A.softenedB.shookC.withdrewD.extended

18.A.cleverB.thirstyC.helpfulD.ready

19.A.broadB.satisfiedC.tightD.slight

20.A.AsB.BeyondC.BeforeD.After

21.A.pulledB.chargedC.jumpedD.barked

22.A.cutB.missedC.keptD.rounded

23.A.tookoffB.flewawayC.turnedaroundD.bentforward

24.A.raceB.differenceC.gapD.goal

25.A.SuddenlyB.FinallyC.GraduallyD.Occasionally

26.A.wayB.holdC.temperD.sight

27.A.quittedB.insistedC.sighedD.froze

28.A.struggledB.decidedC.refusedD.pretended

29.A.forcingB.beggingC.orderingD.persuading

30.A.tookupB.putupC.broughtupD.wrappedup

31.A.achievementB.companionC.prizeD.friendship

四、短文填空

32.Pu'erteaisakindofdarkteaonlyfoundinChina'sYunnanProvince.It's①

(original)producedinthe"SixFamousMountains"inXishuangbannaandgetsitsname

fromPu'er,atown②mostoftheteaisprocessedandsold.Pu'erteahasalonghistory.

EarlyintheTangDynasty,theteatradebetweenPu'erandotherareasalready(3)___(begin).

Nowa2,700yearoldwildteatreestillproducestealeaves.Everyyear,localsgototea

plantingfields(4)(pick)tealeaves.Usuallyitstartsat9:00am⑤finishesby3:00

pmfromFebruarytoDecember.Springtealeavesarethebestofthewholeyear.

Pu'erteaisbigandroughinshape,blackorbrownredincolorandthesouptastes

mellow(醇厚)⑥(leave)asweetaftertaste.Theteaismildinnatureanddocsnoharm

tothestomach.Atthesametime,ithasmedicinaleffectsof"fatremoving,bodyslimming

anddigestionpromoting"and⑦_(dá)__(call)"slimmingtea".

Thetaste.⑧theteavariesthetastechangeswiththe⑨(long)oftimeit's

stored;thelongerit'sstored,the⑩(good)ittastes.Thus,Pu'erteanotonlymakesa

gooddrink,butalsoavaluablecollectorsitem.Pu'erteahasalwaysenjoyedthegood

reputationofweight-losstea,beautytea,slimmingteaandhealthtea.

五、書(shū)面表達(dá)

33.假定你是學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華，學(xué)生會(huì)舉辦的生活技能云端展示活動(dòng)(WorkCreatesa

HappierLife)得到了外教John的大力支持和指導(dǎo)。活動(dòng)已經(jīng)圓滿(mǎn)結(jié)束，請(qǐng)你給他寫(xiě)一封

感謝信。內(nèi)容包括：

1.表示感謝；

2.外教的幫助；

3.活動(dòng)的反響。

注意：

1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearJohn,

Yours,

LiHua

六、讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)

34.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短

文。

TwinsKatieandSarahMonahanarrivedatPennsylvania'sGettysburgCollege.Theyare

determinedtostrikeoutonindependentpaths.Althoughthe18-year-oldsistershadrequested

roomsindifferentdormitory,thehousingofficeplacedthemontheeighthfloorofthesame

building,acrossthehallfromeachother.

Katiewasaverylovelyandkind-heartedgirl.Shealwaysdidherbesttopreventothers

fromanyproblem.Oncethedormitorywasoutofelectricityandherroommate,Windywas

studyingintheclassroomonlyleavingKatiealoneinthedormitoryatthattime.Katiehad

justfinishedherfavouritehorribleAmericanTVseries.Shefeltveryscared.Butshedidn't

wanttodisturbWindy,soshejuststayedinthedarkdormitoryalonetillWindygotbackto

thedormitory.Windywasanicegirltoo.ShegaveKatiealotofcomfortandcare.Shewould

liketomakeKatierelaxafterstressfulstudy.SheoftensharedherhappinesswithKatie.They

livedaveryhappylifetogether.

WhileKatiegotalongwithherroommate,Sarahwashavingdifficultyindealingwith

therelationshipwithherroommate.

Sarahlikedquiet,whileherroommate,Lilyspenttwohoursadaypractisingtheguitar,

orturneduphersoundsystemtothepointwherethewholeroomvibrates（顫動(dòng)）.Sarahwas

alwayscold,butLilyneverwantedtoturnontheheat,eventhoughitwassnowingheavily

outside.Sarahlikedwearingfurinwinterandshealsoenjoyedcuttingupfrogsinbiology

class.ButLilyisanvegetarian（素食主義者）andbelievedalllivingthingsareholy（神圣的）,

evenantsandmosquitoes.Sheandherroommatesilentlywarredovermattersrangingfrom

whenthelightsshouldbeturnedofftohowthefurnitureshouldbearranged.Finally,they

gaveupcommunicating.

Oneday.therewasadormitorycontest,whichneededroommatestojoinhandsto

decoratetheirdormitory.Sarahwantedtowininthecontestbutshethoughtitwasimpossible

forhertofinishitbecauseshedidn'ttalkwithLily.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右：

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Depressedandhopeless.SarahranacrossthehalltoseekhelpfromKatie.

HearingwhatKatiesaid,bothSarahandLilyloweredtheirheads.

參考答案

1.答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"ThisfundisofferedbytheIdahoStateBoardof

Educationtosupportfinearts,performingarts,anddesigncourses.（該基金由愛(ài)達(dá)荷州教育

委員會(huì)提供，用于支持美術(shù)、表演藝術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)課程。廣和*Requirements部分的“An

applicantmustbeanIdahoruralschooldistrictorIdahoruralcharterschool.（申請(qǐng)人必須是

愛(ài)達(dá)荷州農(nóng)村學(xué)區(qū)或愛(ài)達(dá)荷州農(nóng)村特許學(xué)校。）”可知，該資金專(zhuān)門(mén)是為愛(ài)達(dá)荷州規(guī)定

區(qū)域的鄉(xiāng)村公立學(xué)校和鄉(xiāng)村特許學(xué)校設(shè)置的，不是針對(duì)個(gè)人。故選B。

2.答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)*Usesofthisfund部分的“Anapplicantmustusethisfundfor

thepurchaseofequipment,supplies,andcurricularmaterialsthatsupporttheestablishment

ofartsorimprovementstoarts.（申請(qǐng)人必須用這筆款項(xiàng)購(gòu)買(mǎi)器材、用品及課程資料，以

支持藝術(shù)的建立或改善。）”可知，該資金只能用于購(gòu)買(mǎi)學(xué)校藝術(shù)設(shè)備、美術(shù)用品及藝

術(shù)課程所需要的資源。故選C。

3.答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)*ApplicationComponents部分的“Budget:Abudgetformthat

asksfordetailedexpenses」預(yù)算：要求詳細(xì)費(fèi)用的預(yù)算表格。）“可知，申請(qǐng)人的申請(qǐng)應(yīng)

包括一個(gè)詳細(xì)的預(yù)算。故選A。

4.答案：D

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Chris'fatherwasreckless（魯莽的）withfinancesand

dishonestinbusiness.HismothertriedherbesttorunthehomeuntilChris'littlebrother

drowned（珥5亡），thenhisfatherwenttoprison,andfinallythefamilyfellapart（克里

斯的父親在經(jīng)濟(jì)上不計(jì)后果，做生意也不誠(chéng)實(shí)。他的母親竭盡全力經(jīng)營(yíng)這個(gè)家，直到

克里斯的弟弟淹死，然后他的父親入獄，最后這個(gè)家庭破裂了）和第三段"Mymom

shutdownemotionally.Everythinggotworse,"Chrisremembers.Thenshewasgoneandran

awayfromhomewithouttellingChris（"我媽媽情緒低落。一切都變得更糟了，"克里斯

回憶道。然后她沒(méi)告訴克里斯就離家出走了）可知，克里斯的母親離家出走是由于丈

夫銀鐺入獄和孩子溺亡的雙重打擊。故選D。

5.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Hedidthebesthecould,sleepingonhisnewly

marriedsister'ssofa."Theydidn'thavemuchmoney,andIknowitwasaburdentotakeme

inat17yearsold,Iwasgoingtodropoutfromhighschoolandmakeitonmyown"（他盡

了最大的努力，睡在新婚姐姐家的沙發(fā)上?！彼麄儧](méi)有多少錢(qián)，我知道在17歲的時(shí)候

收養(yǎng)我是一種負(fù)擔(dān)，我打算從高中輟學(xué)，自力更生”）可知，克里斯讀高中時(shí)生活很艱

難；以及第六段Whengraduationcame,Chrisearnedafullscholarshiptocollegeand

graduatedinthetop10ofhisclass（畢業(yè)時(shí)，克里斯獲得了大學(xué)的全額獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，并以班

級(jí)前10名的成績(jī)畢業(yè)）可知，克里斯讀高中時(shí)非常努力。故選C。

6.答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)末段"Lifeisneverfair.Butifyoudon'tgive

up,youwillgiveyourselfabetterchancetomakeit,"Chrissays（生活從來(lái)就不公平。

但如果你不放棄，你會(huì)給自己一個(gè)更好的機(jī)會(huì)，”克里斯說(shuō)）可知，永不氣餒是克里斯

的人生哲學(xué)。故選A。

7.答案：C

解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段的Byallappearances,lifeforChris

wasthesameasitwasforahundredotherboysinthesmalltownwherehegrewup,except

fortheconstantevictions（分區(qū)趕），andeventuallybeinghomeless（從表面上看，克里

斯的生活和他成長(zhǎng)的小鎮(zhèn)上其他一百個(gè)男孩的生活是一樣的，只是他被不斷的驅(qū)趕，

最終無(wú)家可歸）；以及倒數(shù)第二段Whengraduationcame,Chrisearnedafull

scholarshiptocollegeandgraduatedinthetop10ofhisclass.Whenit'stimetoapplyfor

medicalresidencies,Chrissethissightshigh.Heappliedforresidenciesaroundthecountry

andincludedtheNo.lprograminthenation：JohnsHopkins.Andthenthelettercame.Chris

wasin（畢業(yè)時(shí)，克里斯獲得了全額大學(xué)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，并以全班前十名的成績(jī)畢業(yè)。到了申

請(qǐng)醫(yī)療住院的時(shí)候，克里斯把目光放得很高。他申請(qǐng)了全國(guó)各地的居留權(quán)，其中包括

全國(guó)排名第一的項(xiàng)目：約翰斯?霍普金斯大學(xué)。然后那封信來(lái)了?？死锼咕驮谄渲校┛?/p>

知，本文講述了克里斯面對(duì)家庭重大變故，憑借不放棄，不氣餒的品質(zhì)，最終由一個(gè)

無(wú)家可歸的人成長(zhǎng)為頂尖大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的醫(yī)學(xué)住院醫(yī)生。由此可知，文章最好的標(biāo)題是

C.FromHomelesstoMedicalResident"從無(wú)家可歸的人到住院醫(yī)生故選C。

8.答案：B

解析：根據(jù)第一段中的TheSouthAfricantownHamburgissituatedbyoneofthemost

beautifulestuaries（7可口）intheEasternCape.It'sknownforitsrichXhosaculture.Itisalso

hometoagroupofwomenwhohaveproducedaseriesofextraordinaryartworksthathave

beenexhibitedaroundtheworld.（南非小鎮(zhèn)漢堡坐落在東開(kāi)普省最美麗的河口之一。它

以其豐富的科薩文化而聞名。這里也是一群女性的家，她們創(chuàng)作了一系列非凡的藝術(shù)

品，并在世界各地展出。）可知，第一段的目的是引入文章的主題。故選B。

9.答案：B

解析：根據(jù)第二段中的KeiskammaArtProjectwascreatedtoteachlocalwomen

embroidery（刺」繡）skillstohelpthematatoughtimeeconomicallyandsocially,but

unexpectedlyithasgrownintosomethingmuchbigger.（Keiskamma藝術(shù)項(xiàng)目的倉(cāng)ll建是為

了教授當(dāng)?shù)貗D女刺繡技能，以幫助她們度過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)困難時(shí)期，但意想不到的是，

它已經(jīng)發(fā)展成了一個(gè)更大的項(xiàng)目。）可知，Keiskamma藝術(shù)項(xiàng)獲得了國(guó)際聲譽(yù)超出了

人們的期望。故選B。

10.答案：C

解析：根據(jù)第五段中的Byjoining...theXhosaBritishFrontierWarsfrom1776to1876.

（通過(guò)將完成的面板連接在一起，他們創(chuàng)造了他們的第一個(gè)大型作品，也是他們最著

名的作品之一，“KeiskammaTapestry”,它講述了科薩人在1776年至1876年的殖民統(tǒng)

治和科薩英國(guó)邊境戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中被征服的歷史。）可知，制作“凱思卡瑪掛毯”的過(guò)程是互相

合作的。故選C。

11.答案：A

解析：根據(jù)第六段中的Thefour-meter-high,four-meter-widepiecerevealsthestruggles

thatelderlyXhosawomenenduredwhentheyouthintheircommunitywerehitbyHIVtwo

decadesago,andtheysteppedintocareforchildren.（這件四米高，四米寬的作品揭示了

二十年前，當(dāng)科薩族的年輕人感染艾滋病毒時(shí)，年長(zhǎng)的科薩婦女所忍受的斗爭(zhēng)，她們

挺身而出照顧孩子。）可知，TheKeiskammaAltarpiece展示了科薩人民的苦難。故選

Ao

12.答案：D

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Anewstudyrevealsnewcluesaboutthesubtle（微妙的）

butpreviouslypoorlyunderstoodevolutionarydancehappeningbetweentemperaturesand

changesinthesizeofanimalbodyparts.Thenewresearchoffersimportantinsightsabout

howbirdsmayadapttotherapidriseintemperaturesdrivenbyglobalclimatechange.（一項(xiàng)

新的研究揭示了在溫度和動(dòng)物身體部位大小變化之間發(fā)生的微妙但以前鮮為人知的進(jìn)

化跳躍的新線(xiàn)索。這項(xiàng)新研究為鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)如何適應(yīng)全球氣候變化導(dǎo)致的氣溫迅速上升提供

了重要的見(jiàn)解。）可知，這項(xiàng)新研究是關(guān)于鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)對(duì)氣溫上升的反應(yīng)。故選D。

13.答案：A

解析：詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段Asaresult,apoarbearismorethan21/2timesastaiat

theshoulderasasunbearfromequatoriaregicns.（因此，北極熊的肩高是赤道地區(qū)馬來(lái)熊

的25倍多。）可知，此處是指較冷的氣候會(huì)導(dǎo)致更大的動(dòng)物體型，所以spawn意為”引

起，導(dǎo)致”。A.makefor.導(dǎo)致;B.bringin.引進(jìn);C.arisefrom.起因于;D.wipeout.消滅。故選

Ao

14.答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段Forexample,arctichareshaveevolvedshortlegsand

ears,whereasdesertjackrabbitshaveevolvedverylonglegsandears.（例如,北極野兔進(jìn)化

出了短腿和耳朵，而沙漠大野兔進(jìn)化出了非常長(zhǎng)的腿和耳朵。）和第四段第二句Asa

result,apolarbearismorethan21/2timesastallattheshoulderasasunbearfrom

equatorialregions.（天此，北極熊的肩高是赤道地區(qū)馬來(lái)熊的2.5倍多。）可知，寒冷地

區(qū)的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)往往有更大的身體和更短的腿。故選B。

15.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Thenewstudycouldclarifythatdebatebyshowing

thatalthoughthepatternsthatBergmannandAllenpredictedoccurinthewild,thetwo

separatemechanismscomplementeachother.（這項(xiàng)新的研究表明，盡管Bergmann和

Allen預(yù)測(cè)的模式在野外也會(huì)出現(xiàn)，但這兩種不同的機(jī)制是互補(bǔ)的，從而澄清了這一爭(zhēng)

論。）和第一段Anewstudyrevealsnewcluesaboutthesubtle（微妙的）butpreviously

poorlyunderstoodevolutionarydancehappeningbetweentemperaturesandchangesinthe

sizeofanimalbodyparts.Thenewresearchoffersimportantinsightsabouthowbirdsmay

adapttotherapidriseintemperaturesdrivenbyglobalclimatechange.（一項(xiàng)新的研究揭示

了在溫度和動(dòng)物身體部位大小變化之間發(fā)生的微妙但以前鮮為人知的進(jìn)化跳躍的新線(xiàn)

索。這項(xiàng)新研究為鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)如何適應(yīng)全球氣候變化導(dǎo)致的氣溫迅速上升提供了重要的見(jiàn)

解。）可知，這項(xiàng)新研究為這兩條規(guī)則提供了支持性證據(jù)。A.Thetworuleswithseparate

mechanismsarecontradictory.這兩個(gè)機(jī)制不同的規(guī)則是相互矛盾的;B.Thenewstudy

combinesthepriorstudiesandthetworules.新的研究結(jié)合了前人的研究和這兩種規(guī)律;C.

Thenewstudyprovidessupportingevidenceforthetworules.這項(xiàng)新研究為這兩條規(guī)則提

供了支持性證據(jù);D.Thetworulesshowanimalschangethebodysizetokeepheat.這兩條

規(guī)則表明動(dòng)物通過(guò)改變體型來(lái)保持熱量。故選C。

16.答案：①-⑤EFGBA

解析：①根據(jù)前文“Cruisethroughmanyneighborhoodsorparksaroundtheworld,andyou

willfindnoshortageofwell-mowedexpansesofgrass.Lawns（草坪）dolookattractive.（巡

游世界各地的許多社區(qū)或公園，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不缺修剪得很好的大片草地。草坪看